بررسی دیدگاه زنان کارآفرین ایرانی به فشارهای نهادی
الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
علی تیزرو
1
(استادیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران)
وحید مکی زاده
2
(استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران)
محمد رضا فتحی
3
(استادیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی و مالی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران)
فرزانه سقائی
4
(کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت اجرایی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: کارآفرینی, دیدگاه, زنان کارآفرین ایرانی, فشارهای نهادی,
ملخص المقالة :
در اقتصاد رقابتی و مبتنی بر بازار دنیای کنونی که با تغییرات سریع و شتابان بین‌المللی همراه است، از کارآفرینی به منزله موتور توسعه اقتصادی یاد می‌شود. به علت تاثیرات مثبت کارآفرینی، بسیاری از کشورهای درحال توسعه از جمله ایران، کارآفرینی را به عنوان راه حل اساسی برای ضعف رشد اقتصادی، افزایش نرخ بیکاری و ناتوانی بخش خصوصی و دولتی در فراهم آوردن شغل مناسب برای فارغ‌التحصیلان دانشگاهی، برگزیده‌اند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی فشارهای نهادی وارد شده بر زنان کارآفرین ایرانی و دیدگاه آن‌ها به این فشارها و همچنین زمینه این پاسخ‌هاست. این پژوهش از نظر نتیجه، بنیادین و ازنظر هدف اکتشافی است. جامعه مورد پژوهش را کارآفرینان زن تقدیر شده در جشنواره‌های زنان کارآفرین استانی و کشوری در سه استان گلستان، مازندران و هرمزگان تشکیل می‌دهند و شرکت‌کنندگان در پژوهش به روش گلوله برفی انتخاب‌شده‌اند. پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق نیمه ساختار یافته، تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با رویکرد جهت‌دار و به روش کدگذاری سه مرحله‌ای انجام شد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، فشارهای اختصاصی بر زنان کارآفرین در بعد تنظیمی شامل فشار از سوی مسئولین، در بعد هنجاری شامل فشار از سوی مردان جامعه و فشار از سوی خانواده و در بعد تشخیصی شامل وظایف زن، خودکم‌بینی و نادیده گرفتن خود می‌شود. آنان همچنین در پاسخ فشارهای تنظیمی استراتژی‌های مصالحه، اجتناب و مبارزه، در پاسخ به فشارهای هنجاری از استراتژی‌های مصالحه، اجتناب، مبارزه و دستکاری کردن و در پاسخ به فشارهای تشخیصی استراتژی تساهل را استفاده می‌کنند.
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