دوگانگیِ ارزش ـ ادب در مسأله‌ی پوشش زن؛ سنجشی واقع‌گرایانه
الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
1 - استادیار دانشکده الهیات و ادیان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: حجاب, ارزش, آداب, اخلاق, واقع‌گرایی,
ملخص المقالة :
آیا حجاب، از جمله ارزشهای اخلاقی بوده و ریشه در تکوین دارد یا در زمرهی آداب محسوب شده و به اعتبار و عرف وابسته است؟ پاسخ به این مسأله نیازمند تبیین معیار تمایز آداب از ارزشها است. بر اساس تفاوتهای بین ارزشها و آداب، معیار تمایز ارزش از ادب را میتوان اینگونه دانست؛ هر مقولهی ارزشی که 1- مربوط به ساحت درونیِ انسان باشد؛ 2- منشأ تکوینی داشته باشد؛ 3- استدلالپذیر باشد؛ 4- ارتباط مستقیم با سعادت انسان داشته باشد؛ و 5- مشترک بین همگان باشد؛ ارزش اخلاقی محسوب خواهد شد. در غیر این صورت، به شرط اینکه از خصایص آداب برخوردار باشد، باید آن را در زمرهی آداب قرار داد. این خصایص پنجگانه در مقولهی «حجاب» و پوشش زن وجود دارد. بر این اساس، حجاب، برخلاف آداب، امری وضعی و اعتباری نیست، و حقیقتِ ارزش بودنِ آن به شرایط جوامع بستگی ندارد. این مقاله، ضمن تبیین معیار تمایز آداب از ارزشها، تلاش نموده تا با روش تحلیلی و کیفی، با تأکید بر آراء تفسیریِ آیتالله جوادی آملی، نشان دهد که حجاب ریشه در واقع دارد. از این رو، تلقّی برخی نواندیشان مبنی بر قرار دادن حجاب در زمرهی آداب و اتّخاذ رهیافت ناواقعگرایانه در مورد آن، موجّه نیست.
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