بررسی زمینه‌های تغییر و تحوّل در حقوق و جایگاه زنان در آغاز قرن چهاردهم هجری
الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سهیلا رستمی
1
(استادیار، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: انحطاط, جایگاه زنان, حقوق زنان, زمینه‌های تحول, قرن چهاردهم هجری,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تحولات جایگاه زنان در دوره‌های مختلف تاریخی و نیز بیان زمینه‌های تغییر در حقوق و جایگاه آنان در جوامع اسلامی در آغاز قرن چهاردهم هجری است که بر اساس روش تاریخی تحلیلی، از نوع تحلیل محتوا می‌باشد. ظهور دین اسلام سرآغاز تحولاتی عظیم در حقوق و جایگاه زنان بود. زنان در دوران پیامبر(ص) در تمامی عرصه‌های اجتماعی فعالیت و اظهارنظر می‌نمودند؛ اما این دوران عزّت، چندان به‌طول نینجامید و پس از وفات پیامبر(ص) عواملی همچون بازگشت به سنت‌های جاهلی، رواج فساد، آمیزش با فرهنگ‌های بیگانه، رواج اندیشه‌های مردسالارانه، ظهور دیدگاه‌های افراطی، نگاه ابزاری به زنان و بی‌توجهی به آموزش آنان، زمینه‌های انحطاط در جایگاه زنان را در جامعه فراهم نمود و زن ارزش، احترام و جایگاه اجتماعی‌اش را از دست داد. با آغاز قرن چهاردهم هجری عواملی همچون ظهور انقلاب صنعتی و فرانسه، رواج مباحث تجددگرایانه، استعمار و استبداد و مبارزه با آن، ظهور سرمایه‌داری و شهرنشینیِ زنان، پیشرفت‌های بشر در تکنولوژی‌های جدید، احتیاج مبرم به اصلاحات در امپراتوری عثمانی، علاوه بر ایجاد تحولات گسترده در جوامع اسلامی، بار دیگر زمینه‌های تحوّل در حقوق و جایگاه زنان را پس از دورهی رکود فراهم نمودند و سبب ایجاد تغییرات گسترده‌ای در حقوق آنان گردید.
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