تحلیل پیاده مداری شهری در بافت مرکزی شهر تهران با رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی
الموضوعات :
فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
علی حسینی
1
(دانشیارجغرافیاو برنامه ریزی شهری،دانشکده جغرافیا،دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.)
رباب ملکی
2
(کارشناس ارشد جغرافیاو برنامه ریزی شهری،دانشکده جغرافیا،دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.)
تاريخ الإرسال : 21 السبت , جمادى الأولى, 1443
تاريخ التأكيد : 04 الثلاثاء , رمضان, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 24 السبت , ذو الحجة, 1443
الکلمات المفتاحية:
تهران,
پیاده راه,
پیاده مداری,
شهرهای پایدار,
بخش مرکزی شهری,
ملخص المقالة :
حرکت پیاده به عنوان یکی از قدیمی ترین، اقتصادی ترین و سالم ترین شیوه های جابجایی انسان در فضای شهری محسوب می شود. هدف این رویکرد سالم سازی و فراهم آوردن تسهیلات حرکت پیاده به صورت مطمین و کارآمد می باشد. از این رو به یکی از محورهای اصلی برنامه ریزی و طراحی شهری تبدیل شده است. به این ترتیب، پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی و قابلیت سنجی شبکه معابر جهت پیاده مداری شهری بر پایه الگوی توسعه پایدار شهری با رویکرد آینده پژوهی صورت پذیرفت. در این تحقیق برای گردآوری اطلاعات از روش کتابخانه‌ای و ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده گردیده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق خبرگان، متخصصین و کارشناسان مرتبط با موضوع تحقیق در شهر تهران می‌باشد. نمونه تحقیق با استفاده از روش پنل دلفی با نمونه‌گیری هدفمند20 نفر انتخاب گردید. به منظور تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم افزار MICMAC و Scenario Wizard استفاده شده است. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تحقیق حاضر مشخص گردید که شاخص های پوشش گیاهی، مقیاس انسانی، تجهیزات فضای شهری، کفسازی و سطوح، مشارکت اجتماعی، پیوستگی مسیر، تنوع فرم و کالبد و تناسبات بصری بیشترین اثرگذاری را در پیاده مداری شهر تهران دارند. در ادامه نیز وضعیت پیاده مداری شهری در آینده با استفاده از سناریونگاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از سناریونگاری نشان داد که در محتمل ترین حالت پیش رو وضعیت پیاده مداری شهر تهران بوسیله کاشت درختان و افزایش پوشش گیاهی، افزایش توجه به مقیاس انسانی، افزایش کمی و کیفی تجهیزات فضای شهری، افزایش کیفیت و کمیت کفسازی معابر، افزایش سطح مشارکت اجتماعی، توجه به پیوستگی در مسیرها، افزایش تنوع متناسب فرم و کالبد و افزایش تناسبات بصری افزایش می یابد که این امر مستلزم توجه بیش از پیش به ارتقاء جذابیت های فضاهای شهری در جهت تشویق به افزایش قابلیت پیاده مداری شهری می باشد.
المصادر:
Abastante, F., & Gaballo, M. (2020). How to assess walkability as a measure of pedestrian use: First step of a multi-methodological approach. In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM: New Metropolitan Perspectives (pp. 254-263). Springer, Cham.
Abdollahi, A., sharafi, H., solaymani damaneh, M. (2019). Evaluation of Desirability of Walking-Orientation Based on Quality Factors of Walking (case study: commercial center of Kerman city). Geography and Planning, 23(67), 197-221.
AlShareef, F., & Aljoufie, M. (2020). Identification of the proper criteria set for neighborhood walkability using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model: A case study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 12(21), 9286.
Amanpour, S., Barati Mashhadi, B., mahali, Y. (2019). Assessment and Evaluation of Disability Indicators Using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Model (FAHP) (Case Study: Taleghani Ave. Ahwaz). Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 8(29), 7-20.
Aown, N. H. A., & Meer, H. A. (2018). New Urbanism and the City Planning (Implications of the Application of the New Urbanism Principles on the Land Uses in Al-Karkh in Baghdad City). KnE Engineering, 149-166.
Arellana, J., Saltarín, M., Larrañaga, A. M., Alvarez, V., & Henao, C. A. (2020). Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America. Transport reviews, 40(2), 183-203.
Azadkhani, P., Baqalani, E. (2017). Evaluation and comparison of two strategies of pedestrianization and pedestrian orientation in urban centers (Case study: Central context of Ilam city), Quarterly Journal of Urban Development Studies, 1 (1), 6-35.
Babic, N. (2021). The Future of Walkability in Cities?,Critical Debates in Urban Design and City Planning 2019/20 University College London (UCL).
Bahramnia, H., Malek Hosseini, A. (2018). Prioritization of emphasized and selected pedestrian strategies in Nahavand city using QSPM tool in SWOT analysis, Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 10 (3), 61-73.
Beyti, H., Panahi, S., Salimi, M. (2014). The Analysis of BRT System and the Measurement of Social and Economical Impacts of Environmental Issues of Tabriz Mega-city. Geography and Planning, 18(49), 19-53.
Chan, E. T., Schwanen, T., & Banister, D. (2021). Towards a multiple-scenario approach for walkability assessment: An empirical application in Shenzhen, China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 102949.
Del Rio, V. (2021). New Urbanism, Automobile Dependency and Sense of Community: A Comparative Study of Two Residential Developments in California. Focus: Journal of the City and Regional Planning Department.
faraji rad, K., ahangari, S. (2013). Prioritization Patterns and indicators Management and development Part of the city center in Mid-sized cities (Case Study: Bokan). Spatial Planning, 3(2), 37-56.
Ferreira, M.A.G. e Sanches, S.P. (2007). Formulation of a Sidewalk Accessibility Index, Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, v.1, n.1, p.1–9.
Furth, Peter, (2012). Bicycling Infrastructure for Mass Cycling: A Tran-satlantic Comparison. John Pucher & Ralph Buehler (ed.): City Cycling. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pp. 105−139.
Gholami beyragh, D., dehghan jozi, A. (2019). The feasibility of implementing a pedestrian plan in urban historical context Case study of Khajeh Nasir Street in Gaz-e-Borkhar. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 9(32), 79-98. doi: 10.22111/gaij.2019.4992
Godet, M. (1994). From anticipation to action: A handbook of strategic prospective. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
Habibi, K., Haghi, M.R., Sedaghatnia, S. (2014). Comparative comparison of pedestrian capability in residential neighborhoods designed from the perspective of residents Study sample: Huff neighborhood and phase one of Ekbatan town in Tehran, Iranian Architecture and Urban Planning Quarterly, 5 (8), 1-12.
Habibi, S.M. (2011). From the city to the city, Tehran: Tehran University Publishing Institute.
Heidari Sourshajani, R., Gholami Bimargh, Y., Sadeghi, H. (2016). Finding the potential of pedestrian model and smart growth in the central context of Shahrekord, the first international conference on urban economics (with the approach of resistance economics, action and practice), May 2016, Tehran, Iran.
Hosini, A., Kamanroodi Kojouri, M., Motevali, S., Janbazi Gobadi, G. (2019). The Role of Universities in Cultural Regeneration of Tehran's Central Historical District. Sustainable city, 2(3), 97-110. doi: 10.22034/jsc.2020.194188.1068
Jung Jun, H. Hur, M. (2015). The relationship between Walkability and neighborhood social, Applied Geography, Volume 62, pp 115-124.
Kalantary, M., Poorahmad, A., Abdali, Y., Allah Gholipour, S. (2018). Spatial analysis of quality of life in crime hotspots (Case study: Central part of Tehran), Journal of Disciplinary Geography, 6 (21), 1-30.
Khodabandeh Lu, H. (2017). Feasibility study of pedestrian capability of urban roads network in the central part of Qom with the theory of space layout, Master Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University.
King, K. (2013). Neighborhood walkable urban form and C-reactive protein. Preventive medicine, 57(6), 850-854.
Lamour, Q., Morelli, A. M., & Marins, K. R. D. C. (2019). Improving walkability in a TOD context: Spatial strategies that enhance walking in the Belém neighbourhood, in São Paulo, Brazil. Case studies on transport policy, 7(2), 280-292.
Litman, A. (2014). Economic value of walkability, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, pp 205-360.
Litman, Todd-Blair, Robin(2011), pe-destrian and Bicycle Planning (A Guideto Best practices), Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Marquet, O., Miralles-Guasch C. (2015). The Walkability city and the importance of the proximity environments for Barcelona everyday mobility, cities. Volume 42. Pp 258-266.
Mazraati Tajabadi, O. (2017). Assessing and evaluating the pedestrian capability of Takhti neighborhood of Tehran and compiling the optimal model of local pedestrian area with the help of the principles of planning in the neighborhoods, Master Thesis in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Arts.
McKinney, O. A. (2014). An Investigation of Methodologies for Determining Walkability and its Association with Socio-Demographics: An Application to the Tampa-St. Petersburg Urbanized Area.
Mohammadian mosamam, H., sarafi, M., Tavakoli Nia, J., Issa Lou, A.A. (2016). Prioritizing the implementation of routes around the letter of Hazrat Masoumeh (PBUH) in Qom, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Landscape Research, 3 (5), 47-94.
Mohammadzadeh, R., Fallahnejad, H. (2017). Survey of Pedestrian Network Development Patterns and Feasibility of Theirs Development in the Central District of Tabriz City.. Geography and Planning, 20(58), 237-258.
Monteiro, F. B. Campos, V. B. (2012), A proposal of indicators for evaluation of the urban space for pedestrians and cyclists in access to mass transit station,Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 54:637-645.
Monteiro, F. B., & Campos, V. B. (2012). A proposal of indicators for evaluation of the urban space for pedestrians and cyclists in access to mass transit station. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 54, 637-645.
K. (2005). “Seattle dreams of green team”.Available at: http//settlepi nwsource .com/local/212425-kyot017.html.pp 2-11.
Niska, A. (2013). Hot sanding on pedestrian and bicycle paths: Evaluation in Umeå of the advantages and disadvantages of the method. The Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute.
Papagiannakis, A., Vitopoulou, A., & Yiannakou, A. (2021). Transit-Oriented Development in the Southern European city of Thessaloniki introducing urban railway: typology and implementation issues. European Planning Studies, 29(1), 117-141.
Porpervar, M., Shaykh al-Islami, A. (2018). An Analysis of the Performance of Urban Furniture with Emphasis on Pedestrianism (Study: Boroujerd City; Safa St.), Journal of Urban Design Studies and Urban Research, 1 (1), 1-11.
pourahmad A, moradpour N, hataminejad H. (2018). Investigating the impact of physical dimensions - space to encourage walking in Tehran (Case Study: neighborhood Amirabad and Daneshgah Tehran). researches in Geographical Sciences. 18 (51), 1-22.
Pourahmad, A., Hajisharifi, A., Ramezanzadeh Lasboyee, M. (2012). Evaluation and Compare of Sidewalk in Haft Hose and Moghadam. Geographical Planning of Space, 2(6), 37-56.
Rabbani Abolfazli, G. (2013). Evaluation of pedestrian capability with emphasis on neo-urbanism approach in the axis of Sajjad Boulevard in Mashhad, Master Thesis in Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Rabbani Abolfazli, G., Rahnama, M., Khakpoor, B. (2018). Assessing Pedestrian-Oriented Aspect Focusing on the New Urbanism Approach on Sajjad Boulevard, Mashhad. Geography and Urban Space Development, 4(2), 1-24. doi: 10.22067/gusd.v4i2.26025
Rahnama, M., Bazargan, M. (2021). Identifying routes with walkability potential in Mashhad Metropolis using SDA method and new urbanism approach. Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR), 29(116), 181-203. doi: 10.22131/sepehr.2021.242868
Reagan, A. (2018). "Measuring Walkability in Gainesville’s Urban Areas: A Case Study of Millhopper and Downtown," Master, Urban and Regional Planning, University of Florida.
Rezaei Jafari, K., Maleki, S., Goshtil, M. (2018). Assessing the pedestrian capability of urban spaces with a new urbanism approach (Case study: Kianpars neighborhood in Ahvaz), Quarterly Journal of Urban Development Studies, 2 (6), 61-75.
Saadati, Ali Mohammad (2013). The role of sidewalks in revitalizing and reviving historical textures, Shahrengar Bi-Monthly, 11 (73, 74), 20-30.
sadri A, bankian tabrizi A, refaei afsharghezelbash S. (2019). Impact of pavement on increasing social interactions in urban spaces of Bojnourd (Case study: Taleghani Street, Shahid Square to Telecommunication Area). researches in Geographical Sciences. 19 (54), 81-102.
Samavati, S., Ranjbar, E. (2018). Recognition of factors affecting happiness in urban public spaces, Quarterly Journal of Urban Studies, (29), 17-3.
Sapawi, R., & Said, I. (2012). Constructing indices representing physical attributes for walking in urban neighborhood area. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 179-191.
Shaaban, K. (2019). Assessing sidewalk and corridor walkability in developing countries. Sustainability, 11(14), 3865.
Shahabian, P. (2019). Combined Use of a Few Different Methods in Measuring the Walkability Potential of Urban Pathways. Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism (JIAU), 10(1), 141-158. doi: 10.30475/isau.2019.131810.
Southworth, M. (2005). Designing the walkable city. Journal of urban planning and development, 131(4), 246-257.
Sroustaei, S., Naseri, R. (2019). Assessment of the pedestrian capability of the historic texture tracks of Maragheh city. Journal of Urban Ecology Researches, 10(19), 123-134. doi: 10.30473/grup.2019.5634
Stevens, M. R., Berke, P. R., & Song, Y. (2010). Creating disaster-resilient communities: Evaluating the promise and performance of new urbanism. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94(2), 105-115.
Tagik, A., partovi, P. (2014). Walkability Conceptual Model and Analytical Framework with the Emphasis on New Urbanism Approach (case study: 4th phase of Mehrshahr). Motaleate Shahri, 3(9), 81-96.
Taheri, A., Malekpour, M. (2018). Providing a model for assessing pedestrian capability on pavements using the MCDM approach in the municipality of Tehran's District 11. Geography and Human Relationships, 1(3), 44-60.
Thabet, A. M. (2021). Reimaging Streets: A Design Approach for Enhancing Walkability in Old Cities Case Study: El Gomhouria Street, Mansoura.(Dept. A). MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal, 46(2), 46-57.
Tuuli, R., et al, (2014). VITALITY FROM WALKING AND CYCLING. Tampere University of Technology, Transport Research Centre Verne Tampere.
Van Goeverden, K., & Godefrooij, T., (2013). The Dutch Reference Study. Cases of interventions in bicycle infrastructure reviewed in the framework of Bikeability. Delft University of Technology, Department of Transport & Planning. Delft, the Netherlands, pp. 87.
Wang, H., & Yang, Y. (2019). Neighbourhood walkability: A review and bibliometric analysis. Cities, 93, 43-61.
_||_
