The Effect of Prolonged and Graded Exercise Protocols on Maximal Fat Oxidation and Fatmax in Trained Girls
الموضوعات : Report of Health Care
Zahra Moradi
1
(Department of Physical Education, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Abdolhamid Habibi
2
(Department of Physical Education, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh
3
(Department of Physical Education, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Maximal Fat Oxidation, Fatmax, Graded Exercise, Prolonged Exercise,
ملخص المقالة :
Introduction: The intensity and duration of exercises are the main factors of fat oxidation and carbohydrate during the exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged and graded exercise protocols on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and Fatmax in trained girls. Methods: Ten trained girls (age = 22.3 ±1.8 years old; weight= 53.3±3.4 kg; BMI= 20.6 ± 1.1 kg/m2 and VO2max= 34.2±2 ml/kg/min), attended the laboratory on seven separate occasions. In the first visit, anthropometrics and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) measurements were assessed. In the second session, participants completed a submaximal graded exercise protocol with seven stages, 3 min per stages at intensity of 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65% of VO2max. Next, each participant in five separate sessions consisting of 30 min prolonged exercises performed exercises in a counterbalanced order of intensity at 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% VO2max. For statistical analysis of data Shapiro Wilk and paired sample t-test (p≤0.05) were used. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between MFO (p=0.01) and Fatmax (p=0.04) after graded and prolonged exercises. Conclusion: It appears that prolonged exercise caused a higher MFO and Fatmax rather than graded exercise in trained girls.
1. Venables MC, Achten J, Jeukendrup AE.
Determinants of fat oxidation during exercise in healthy men and women: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Physiol. 2005; 98: 160- 167.
2. Meyer T, Gabriel HHW, Auracher M, Scharhag J, Kindermann W. Metabolic profile of 4 hours cycling in the field with varying amounts of carbohydrate supply.Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003; 88: 431- 437.
3. Meyer T, Gäßler N, Kindermann W. Determination of Fatmax with 1 h cycling protocols of constant load. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007; 32 (2): 249- 256.
4. Sandro S, Ferreira Julimar L, Pereira Ragami C, Alves Paulo E, Redkva Hassan M, Elsangedy K et al. Are sedentary women able to self- select a walking intensity that corresponds to maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax)?. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2013; 16 (2): 32- 39.
5. Lazeer S, Lafortuna C, Busti C, Galli R, Tinozzi T, Agosti F, Sartorio A. Fat oxidation rate during and after a low- or high- intensity exercise in several obese Caucasian adolescents. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010; 108 (3): 383- 391.
6. Cheneviere X, Borrani F, Ebenegger V, Gojanovic B, Malatesta D. Effect of a 1-hour single bout of moderate intensity
exercise on fat oxidation kinetics. Metab J. 2009; 58 (12): 1778- 1786.
7. Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, Gastaldelli A, Horowitz JF, Endert E, et al. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1993; 265 (3): 380- 391.
8. Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, Rosenblatt J, Wolfe RR. Substrate metabolism during different exercise intensities in endurance-trained women. J Appl Physiol. 2000; 88: 1707- 1714.
9. Van Loon LJC, Greenhaff PL, Constantin-
Teodosiu D, Saris WHM, Wagenmakers AJM. The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilization in humans. J Physiol, 2001; 536: 295- 304.
10. Achten J, Gleeson M, Jeukendrup AE. Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002; 34: 92- 97.
11. Achten J, Jeukendrup AE. Maximal fat oxidation during exercise in trained men. Int J Sports Med. 2003; 24: 603- 608.
12. Meyer T, Folz C, Rosenberger F, Kindermann W. The reliability of fat. Scandinavian J Med Sci Sports. 2009; 19: 213- 221.
13. Capostagno B, Bosch A. Higher fat oxidation in running than cycling at the same exercise intensities. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010; 20 (1): 44- 55.
14. Crisp N, Guelfi K, Licari M, Braham R. Fournier P. Does exercise duration affect Fatmax in overweight boys?. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012; 112 (7): 2557- 2564.
15. Frayn K. Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange. J Appl Physiol. 1983; 55 (2): 628- 634.
16. Stallknecht B, Lorentsen J, Enevoldsen LH, Bülow J, Biering‐Sørensen F, Galbo H. Role of the sympathoadrenergic system in adipose tissue metabolism during exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2001; 536 (1): 283- 294.
17. Watt MJ, Heigenhauser GJ, Spriet LL. Effects of dynamic exercise intensity on the activation of hormone‐sensitive lipase in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2003; 547 (1): 301- 308.
18. Bircher S, Knechtle B, Knecht H. Is the intensity of the highest fat oxidation at the lactate concentration of 2 mmol? A comparison of two different exercise
protocols. Eur J Clin Invest. 2005; 35: 491- 498.
19. Takagi S, Sakamoto S, Midorikawa T, Konishi M, Katsumura T. Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation in short-time testing. J Sports Sci. 2014; 32 (2): 175- 182
20. Shaea A. Comparing fat oxidation in an exercise test with moderate- intensity interval training. J Sports Sci Med. 2014; 13: 51- 58.
21. Kang J, Justin SS, Hoffman JR. Effect of order of exercise intensity upon cardiorespiratory, metabolic and perceptual responses during exercise of mixed intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003; 90 (5- 6): 569- 574.
22. Panahi S, Gaeini AA, Ravassy AA, Milani F. The impact of the intensity of exercise on metabolic responses of non-athlete students. Olympic J. 2004; 34: 87- 96.
23. Riddell MC, Jamnik VK, Iscoe KE, Timmons BW, Gledhill N. Fat oxidation rate and the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation decreases with pubertal status in young male subjects. J Appl Physiol. 2008; 105; 742- 748.
24. Zakrzewski J, Tolfrey K. Exercise protocols to estimate Fatmax and maximal fat oxidation in children. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2011; 23: 122- 135.
25. Gillis LJ, Kennedy LC, Bar-Or O. Overweight children reduce their activity levels earlier in life than healthy weight children. Clin. J Sport Med. 2006; 16: 51- 55.
