The Effect of Moderate and High Intensity Interval Trainings on Cardiac Apoptosis in the Old Female Rats

الموضوعات : Report of Health Care

Bahareh Yazdanparast Chaharmahali ¹ , Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ² , Maghsood Peeri ³ , Parvin Farzanegi Arkhazloo ⁴

1 - Department of Sport Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Sport Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Sport Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Sport Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 19 الثلاثاء , شوال, 1439 تاريخ التأكيد : 19 الثلاثاء , شوال, 1439 تاريخ الإصدار : 13 الخميس , جمادى الثانية, 1439

الکلمات المفتاحية: Training, Rat, Cardiac Apoptosis, Aging,

ملخص المقالة :

Introduction: Aging causes apoptosis in the heart. While the old heart is vulnerable to apoptosis, physical activity with different mechanisms can be effective in reducing apoptosis or inhibit it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate and high intensity interval trainings on some apoptotic indices of Bax and Bcl- 2 cardiomyocytes of old female rats. Methods: In this study, 21 aged female, postmenopausal Wistar rats (2 years old), were randomly divided into three groups: 1) control, 2) moderate intensity interval training (MIIT), and 3) high intensity interval training (HIIT). The training protocol performed consisted of two different intensities (MIIT and HIIT) of running on treadmill 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, the heart tissue was removed in order to analyze Bax, Bcl- 2 genes and Bax/Bcl- 2 ratio in the cardiomyocytes. Two-way analysis of variance was used to determine the main effect of training. In case of a statistically significant difference, Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the intergroup difference. Significance level for all data analysis was considered as p≤0.05. Results: Bax (p=0.0001) and Bax/Bcl- 2 ratio (p=0.001) gene expression was higher in the HIIT group in comparison with MIIT group nevertheless Bcl- 2 gene expression was higher in the MIIT group in comparison with the HIIT group (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the present results, treadmill exercise with MIIT can support cardiac against apoptosis through the enhancement of Bcl- 2 expression in the heart. Therefore MIIT may be a beneficial method for preventing heart problems in the aging.

المصادر:

1. Sun SL, Guo L, Ren YC, Wang B, Li RH, Qi YS, Yu H, et al. Anti-apoptosis effect of polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam on cardiomyocytes in aging rats. Mol Biol Rep. 2014; 41 (9): 6117- 6124.


2. Garza MA, Wason EA, Zhang JQ. Cardiac remodeling and physical training post myocardial infarction. World J Cardiol. 2015; 7 (2): 52- 64.


3. Higashi Y, Sukhanov S, Anwar A, Shai SY, Delafontaine P. Aging, atherosclerosis, and IGF-1. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012; 67 (6): 626- 639.


4. Favaloro B, Allocati N, Graziano V, Di Ilio C, De Laurenzi V .Role of apoptosis in disease. Aging. 2012; 4 (5): 330- 349.


5. Konstantinidis K, Whelan RS, Kitsis RN. Mechanisms of cell death in heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012; 32 (7): 1552- 1562.


6. Kwak HB. Effects of aging and exercise training on apoptosis in the heart, J Exer Rehab. 2013; 9 (2): 212- 219.


7. Zhang Y, Chong E, Herman B. Aging– associated increases in the activity of multiple caspase in fisher 344 rat organs. Exp Geront. 2002; 37: 777- 789.


8. Zhang Y, Herman B. Ageing and apoptosis. Mech Ageing Dev. 2002; 123 (4): 245- 260.


9. Nitahara  JA, Cheng W, Liu Y, Li B, Leri A, Li P, et al. Intracellular calcume, DNase activity and myocyte apoptosis in aging ficsher 344 rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1998; 30 (3): 519- 535.


10. Silva AC, de Almeida BF, Soeiro CS, Ferreira WL, de Lima VM, Ciarlini PC. Oxidative stress, superoxide production, and apoptosis of neutrophils in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Can J Vet Res. 2013; 77 (2): 136- 141.


11. Maiorana A . Interval training confers greater gains than continuous training in people with heart failure. J Physiother. 2012; 58 (3): 70113- 70118.


12. Chen TI, Shen YJ, Wang IC, Yang KT. Short term exercise provides left ventricular myocardial protection against intermittent hypoxia-induce apoptosis in rats , Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111 (8): 1939- 1950.


13. Kwak HB, Song W, Lawler JM. Exercise training attenuates age-induced elevation in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, apoptosis, and remodeling in the rat heart. FASEB J. 2006; 20 (6): 791- 793.


14. Garza MA, Wason EA, Zhang JQ. Cardiac remodeling and physical training post myocardial infarction. World J Cardiol. 2015; 7 (2): 52- 64.


15. Cheng SM, Ho TJ, Yang AL, Chen IJ, Kao CL, Wu FN, et al. Exercise training enhances cardiac IGFI-R/PI3K/Akt and Bcl-2 family associated pro-survival pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Cardiol. 2013; 167 (2): 478- 485.


16. Sofi F, Capalbo A, Cesari F, Abbate R, Gensini GF. Physical activity during leisure time and primary prevention of coronary heart disease : an updated mata analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008; 15 (3): 247- 257.


17. Lenk K, Uhlemann M, Schuler G, Adams V. Role of endothelial progenitor cells in the beneficial effects of physical activity on atherosclerosis and coronary aetery disease. J Appl physiol. 2012; 111 (1): 321- 328.


18. Sugawara J, Akazawa N, Miyaki A, Choi Y, Tanabe Y, Imai T, Maeda S. Effect of endurance exercise training and curcumin intake on central arterial hemodynamics in postmenpausal women: pilot study. Am J Hypertens. 2012; 25 (6): 651- 656.


19. Waring CD, Vicinanza C, Papalamprou A, Smith AJ, Purushothaman S, Goldspink DF, et al. The adult heart responds to increased workload with physiologic hypertrophy, cardiac stem cell activation and new myocyte formation. Eur Heart J. 2014; 35 (39): 2722- 2731.


20. Cory S, Huang DC, Adams JM. The Bcl- 2 family: roles in cell survival and oncogenesis. Oncogene. 2003; 22 (53): 8590- 8607.


21. Liu H, Wang C, Qiao Z, Xu Y. Protective effect of curcumin against myocardium injury in ischemia reperfusion rats. Pharm Biol. 2017; 55 (1): 1144- 1148.


22. Lee SD, Shyu WC, Cheng IS, Kuo CH, Chan YS, Lin YM, et al. Effects of exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in obese rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013; 23 (6): 566- 573.


23. Peterson JM, Bryner RW, Sindler A, Frisbee JC, Always SE. Mitochondrial apoptotic signaling is elevated in cardiac but not skeletal muscle in the obese Zucker rat and is reduced with aerobic exercise . J Appl physiol. 2008; 105: 1934- 1943.


24. Powers SK, Lennon SL, Quindry J, Mehta JL. Exercise and cardioprotection. Curr opin Cardiol. 2002; 17 (5): 495- 502.


25. Pinheiro AR, Cunha AR, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Beneficial effects of physical exercise on hypertension and cardiovascular adverse remodeling of diet-induced obese rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007; 17 (5): 365- 375.


26. Phaneuf S, Leeuwenburgh C. Cytochrome C release from mitochondrial in the aging heart: a possible mechanism for apoptosis with age. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002; 282 (2): 423- 430.


27. Gyu K II, Sung EK, Chang JK, Yong SJ. Treadmill exercise alleviates aging-induced apoptosis in rat cardiac myocytes. Int J Gerontology. 2013; 7 (3): 152- 157.