شارک

عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : JRHC-1808-1113 زيارة : 33 الصفحة: 1 - 13

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

Therapeutic Effects of Music: A Review

الموضوعات : Report of Health Care

Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini 1 , Seyed Ali Hosseini 2

1 - Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
2 - Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 08 الأحد , ذو الحجة, 1439 تاريخ التأكيد : 12 الخميس , ذو الحجة, 1439 تاريخ الإصدار : 21 الإثنين , محرم, 1440

الکلمات المفتاحية: Music, treatment, Disorder,

ملخص المقالة :

Introduction: Side effects of most synthetic drugs used in the treatment of various diseases have led researchers around the world to conduct studies on the identification of alternative therapies. In this vein, the present study aims to review the research carried out in association with the therapeutic effects of music used in the treatment of relatively common diseases. Methods: To develop this review article, researchers conducted some computer search using keywords in databases including Google scholar, SID, Iranmedex, Medline, PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, ProQuest, and ISC, and collected and probed the results of over 100 published articles from 2000 to 2018 dealing with the effect of music therapy in the treatment of 12 relatively common diseases. Results: The findings show that music therapy has a positive effect on the treatment of the diseases studied. Conclusion: Music can have positive effects on pain, sleep disorders, learning, memory, IQ, depression, anxiety and special diseases such as schizophrenia and autism.

المصادر:


  1. Ghamrani A, Sarlak N, Shariati M, Rasolian M. The effect of music on increase the mental health of children with mental disability. Exceptional Educ J. 2010; 102: 48- 54.
    2.
  2. Dehnad N, Zafarmand SJ. Music therapy dimensions in the science of ancient iranian islamic music music epistles from the 3 rd to 13th centuries A.H. Honar- Ha- Ye- Ziba J. 2017; 22 (1): 23- 34.
    3.
  3. Hatem TP, Lira PIC, Mattos SS. The therapeutic effects of music in children following cardiac surgery. J Pediatr. 2006; 82 (3): 186- 192.
    4.
  4. Afariny Y, Hosseini SE.The effect of psychodrama on the treatment of depression in improved drug- addicted patients. Horizon Med Sci Univ J. 2018; 24 (2): 96- 102.
    5.
  5. Hosseini SE, Asadi N, Zareei F. Investigating the effect of massage therapy on labor in the active stage of first labor. IJNR. 2014; 9 (1): 25- 32.
    6.
  6. Hosseini SE, Tadayon Z. The effectiveness of drug therapy, relaxation and compound therapy on anxiety reduction, level of epinephrine and norepinephrine among patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Jahrom Med Sci Univ J. 2013; 10 (4): 52- 58.
    7.
  7. Osuch EA, Bluhm RL, Williamson PC, Théberge J, Densmore M, Neufeld RW. Brain activation to favorite music in healthy control and depressed patients. Neuro Rep. 2009; 20 (13): 1204- 1208.
    8.
  8. Haji-hasani M, Sadipour E, Jafari-nejad H, Rostami K, Pirsaghi F. The effectiveness of active music therapy and Gestalt therapy on reducing test anxiety. Thought Behav Clin Psychol. 2012; 6 (23): 9- 20.
    9.
  9. Nilsson U, Rawal N, Enqvist B, Unosson M. Analgesia following music and therapeutic suggestions in the PACU in ambulatory surgery; a randomized controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003; 47 (3): 278- 283.
    10.
  10. Joanne L, Kristen S, Ann Marie D, Aimee T, Peter H. The effects of music therapy on vital signs, feeding and sleep in premature infant. Pediatrics J. 2013; 131 (5): 902- 918.
    11.
  11. Hosseini SE. Effects of music therapy on aggression and hyperactivity symptoms and attention deficit in children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder. SMM. 2018; 8 (31): 41- 52.
    12.
  12. Hakimi Rad E, Afrooz G, Beh-Pajooh A, Ghobari–Bonab B, Arjmandnia A. The effects of response inhibition and working memory training programs on improving social skills in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. J Psychol Stud. 2014; 9 (4): 9- 30.
    13.
  13. Keyhani M, Shariatpanahi M. Assessment of music effect on concentration and attention among students of Azad university of medical sciences, Tehran unit. Med Sci. 2008; 18 (2): 101- 106.
    14.
  14. Grönlund E, Renck B, Weibull J. Dance/ movement therapy as an alternative treatment for young boys diagnosed as ADHD: a pilot study. Am J Dance Ther. 2005; 27 (2): 63- 85.
    15.
  15. Rickson DJ. Instructional and improvisational models of music therapy with adolescents who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a comparison of the effects on motor impulsivity. J Music Ther. 2006; 43: 39- 62.
    16.
  16. Jorgensen Carrer LR. Music and sound in time processing of children with ADHD. Front Psychiatry. 2015; 6 (1): 127.
    17.
  17. Slater JL, Tate MC. Timing deficits in ADHD: insights from the neuroscience of musical rhythm. Front Comput Neurosci. 2018; 12: 1- 8.
    18.
  18. Hosseini SE. The analgesic effect of adagio calm and allergo music on formalin test- induced pain in adult male rats. Sabzevar Med Sci Univ J. 2014; 21(4): 613- 620.
    19.
  19. Yousefinejad Ostadkelayeh A, Madadi A, Majedzadeh S, Shabannia R, Sadeghian N, Zarinara A, et al. The effect of music therapy on chronic pain in patients with cancer. Qazvin Med Sci Univ J. 2005; 9 (1): 39- 42.
    20.
  20. Shaban M, Rasoolzadeh N, Mehran A, Moradalizadeh F. Study of two non-pharmacological methods, progressive muscle relaxation and music, on pain relief of cancerous patients. Hayat J. 2006; 12 (3): 63- 72.
    21.
  21. Narimani M, Atadokht A, Senobar L, Basharpour S. The comparison of the effectiveness of progressive muscular relaxation and music therapy on the degree of fatigue in breast cancer patients. Health Psychol. 2015; 14 (14): 33- 44.
    22.
  22. Jafari H, Bagheri-Nesami M, Abdoli -Nejad MR. The effect of quran recitation and religious music on mental and physical health: a review article. Clin Exc. 2016; 4 (2): 1- 14.
    23.
  23. Costa F, Ockelford A, Hargreaves DJ. The effect of regular listening to preferred music on pain, depression and anxiety in older care home residents.Psychol Music. 2018; 46 (2): 174- 191.
    24.
  24. Tse MM, Chan MF, Benzie IF. The effect of music therapy on postoperative pain, heart rate, systolicblood pressures and analgesic use following nasal surgery. J Pain Palliative Care Pharm. 2005; 19 (3): 21- 29.
    25.
  25. Jackson NA. A survey of music therapy methods and their role in the treatment of early elementary school children with ADHD. J Music Ther. 2003; 40 (4): 302- 323.
    26.
  26. Bugos JA, Peristein WM, Mc Cara CS, Brophy TS, Bedenbaugh PH. Individualized piano instruction enhances executive functioning and working memory in older adults. Aging Ment Health. 2007; 11: 464- 471.
    27.
  27. Maghsoudipour M. Assessing the effect of three types of music on working memory performance of medical sciences students of Tehran. TKJ. 2017; 9 (2): 83- 93.
    28.
  28. Tavakoli F, Hoseini SE, Mokhtari M, Vahdati A. Effect of memory attenuation and light music on morphine dependency in male mature mice using conditioned place preference. Feyz J. 2014; 18 (1): 1- 8.
    29.
  29. Schulze K, Mueller K, Koelsch S. Neural correlates of strategy use during auditory working memory in musicians and non-musicians. Eur J Neurosci. 2011; 33 (1): 189- 196.
    30.
  30. Kelley AE, Berridge KC. The neuroscience of natural rewards: relevance to addictive drugs. J Neurosci. 2002; 22 (9): 3306- 3311.
    31.
  31. Karimi S, Hosseini SE, Naziri Gh. Effectiveness of group music therapy on agitated behaviors in elderlies with alzheimer. Horizon of Med Sci J. 2016; 22 (4): 275- 281.
    32.
  32. Gerdner LA. Effects of individualized versus classical "relaxation" music on the frequency of agitation in elderly persons with alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Int Psychogeriatr. 2000; 12 (1): 49- 65.
    33.
  33. Sung HC, Chang SM, Lee MS, Lee WL. The effects of group music with movement intervention on agitated behaviors of institutionalized elders with dementia in taiwan. Complement Ther Med. 2006; 14 (2): 113- 119.
    34.
  34. Lin Y, Chu H, Yang CY, Chen CH, Chen SG, Chang HJ, et al. Effectiveness of group music intervention against agitated behavior in elderly persons with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011; 26 (7): 670- 678.
    35.
  35. Elliott M, Gardner P. The role of music in the lives of older adults with dementia ageing in place: A scoping review. Dementia. 2018; 17 (2): 199- 213.
    36.
  36. Schulze K, Mueller K, Koelsch S. Neural correlates of strategy use during auditory working memory in musicians and non-musicians. Eur J Neurosci. 2011; 33 (1): 189- 196.
    37.
  37. Tavakoli F, Hoseini SE, Mokhtari M, Vahdati A, Razmi N, Vessal M. Role of music in morphine rewarding effects in mice using conditioned place preference method. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2012; 33 (7): 709- 712.
    38.
  38. Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ. Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001; 98 (20): 11818- 11823.
    39.
  39. Wächter T, Lungu OV, Liu T, Willingham DT, Ashe J. Differential effect of reward and punishment on procedural learning. J Neurosci. 2009; 29 (2): 436- 443.
    40.
  40. Hosseini SE, Mokhtari M, Vahdati A, Razmi N, Tavakoli F. The effect of memory reinforcement by cholinergic agonist and music on creating morphine dependency in mice using conditioned place preference (CPP) method. Jahrom Med Sci Univ J. 2013; 11 (1): 56- 61.
    41.
  41. Yadollah Khorramabadi YK, Asadi Farhadi T. The effect of music therapy on reducing the recurrence of depression and stress among drug addicts.Res Addiction. 2016; 10 (38): 151- 162.
    42.
  42. Hosseini SE, Delavar Ardakani F, Farokhi M, Mokhtari M. The effect of adagio and allegro music on carrageenan- induced inflammation in male rats. J Animal Biol. 2013; 5 (3): 35- 41.
    43.
  43. Cepeda MS, Carr DB, Lau J, Alvarez H. Music for pain relief. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; 19 (2): CD004843.
    44.
  44. Melis MR, Argiolas A. Central control of penile erection: arevisitation of the role of oxytocin and hts interaction with dopamine and glutamic acid in male rats. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011; 35 (3): 939- 955.
    45.
  45. Singer T, Snozzi R, Bird G, Petrovic P, Silani G, Heinrichs M, Dolan RJ. Effects of oxytocin and prosocial behavior on brain responses to direct and vicariously experienced pain. Emotion J. 2008; 8 (6): 781- 791.
    46.
  46. Feduccia AA, Duvauchelle CL. Auditory stimuli enhance MDMA-conditioned reward and MDMA-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine, serotonin and locomotor responses. Brain Res Bull, 2008; 77 (4): 189- 196.
    47.
  47. Hosseini SE, Ghasem K, Naziry G, Shojaee SS. The effectiveness of instrumental and relaxing music on spiritual health in teenagers. J Woman Society. 2016; 7 (25): 67- 80.
    48.
  48. Delacy Kidwell M. Music therapy and spirituality: how can I keep from singing?. Music Ther Perspect. 2014; 32 (2): 129- 135.
    49.
  49. Khodakarami B, Soltani F, Golalizadeh G, Soltanian A, Mohagheghi H. The effect of spiritual counseling on depression, anxiety and stress of pregnant Women: a randomized clinical trial. Hamadan Nurs Midwifery Fac J. 2015; 23 (4): 39- 53.
    50.
  50. Safdari Dehcheshmeh F, Delaram M, Salehian T, Moradi M, Rahimi Madiseh M, Aliakbari F. Relieving labor pain by ice massage of the hand. Tabib e Shargh J. 2008; 11 (1): 23- 28.
    51.
  51. Downe S, Finlayson K, Oladapo OT, Bonet M, Gülmezoglu AM. Correction: what matters to women during childbirth: a systematic qualitative review. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (5): e0197791.
    52.
  52. Hosseini SE, Bagheri M, Honarparvaran N. Investigating the effect of music on labor pain and progress in the active stage of first labor. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013; 17 (11): 1479- 1487.
    53.
  53. Hosseini SE, Asadi N, Zareei F. Effect of massage therapy on labor progress and plasma levels of cortisol hn the active stage 0f first labor. ZJRMS. 2013; 15 (9): 35- 38.
    54.
  54. Nilsson U, Rawal N, Enqvist B, Unosson M. Effect of music on labor pain relief, anxiety level and postpartum analgesic requirement: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2014; 78 (4): 244- 250.
    55.
  55. Ajori L, Nazari L, Marefat S, Amiri Z. Effect of music on pain and duration of labor. JSSU. 2013; 20 (5): 555- 561.
    56.
  56. Rosen MA. Nitrous oxide for relief of labor pain: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 186 (5): S110- 126.
    57.
  57. Liu YH, Chang MY, Chen CH. Effects of music therapy on labour pain and anxiety in Taiwanese first time mothers. J Clin Nurs. 2010; 19 (7- 8): 1065- 1072.
    58.
  58. Kimber L, Mc Nabb M, Mc Court C, Haines A, Brocklehurst P. Massage or music for pain relief in labour: a pilot randomized placebo controlled trial. Eur J Pain. 2008; 12 (6): 961- 969.
    59.
  59. Hekmat- Afshar M, Hojjati H, Sharifnia S H, Hojjati H, Salmasi E, Arazi S. The effect of music therapy on anxiety and pain in mothers after caesarean section surgery. JHC. 2012; 14 (3): 16- 22.
    60.
  60. Hosseini SE, Keramaty F, Safavy Naeiny K. A comparative study of massage with lavender (Lavandula) essential oil and almond oil on pain relief after cesarean operation in primiparous women. Tabriz Med Sci Univ J. 2016; 38 (2): 22- 27.
    61.
  61. Sak K, Bahmani M, Rafieian- Kopaei M. The effect of most important medicinal plants on two importnt psychiatric disorders (anxiety and depression)-a review. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014; 7S1: S34- 42.  
    62.
  62. Roohy GR, Rahmany A, Abdollahy AA, Mahmoody GhR. The effect of music on anxiety level of patients and some of physiological responses before abdominal surgery. Gorgan Med Sci Univ J. 2005; 7 (1): 75- 78.
    63.
  63. Ebneshahidi A, Mohseni M. The effect of patient-selected music on early postoperative pain, anxiety and hemodynamic profile in cesarean section surgery. J Alternative Complement Med. 2008; 14 (7): 827- 831.
    64.
  64. Naderi F, Aghaei A, Mohammad-zadeh M, Nazemi S, Salmani F, Rashvand M. The effects of music therapy on pain threshold, anxiety, distress response and hemodynamic parameters during dressing changes in burn patients. Horizon Med Sci J. 2014; 20 (1): 63- 68.
    65.
  65. Rafieeyan Z, Azarbarzin M, Safaryfard S. The effect of music therapy on anxiety, pain, nausea and vital signs of caesarean section clients in Dr. shariatee hospital of esfahan in 2006. Med Sci J. 2009; 19 (1): 25- 30.
    66.
  66. Zare M, Afkham Ebrahimi A, Birashk B. The effect of music therapy on reducing agitation in patients with Alzheimer’s disease in shahryar city nursing home. Adv Cognit Sci. 2009; 11 (2): 55- 62.
    67.
  67. Holly H, Wendy L, Magee, Sonja S. Music therapy in the treatment of patients with neuro-behavioural disorders stemming from acquired brain injury. Nord J Music Ther. 2010; 19 (1): 63- 78.
    68.
  68. Niehues J, Delwing D, Delwing D, Geraldo J. The power of classic music to reduce anxiety in rats treated with Simvastatin. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2011; 2 (4): 5- 11.
    69.
  69. Moradipanah F, Mohammadi E, Mohammadil AZ. Effect of music on anxiety, stress, and depression levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. East Mediterr Health J. 2009; 15 (3): 639- 647.
    70.
  70. Menon V, Levitind DJ. The rewards of music listening: response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system. Neuroimage. 2005; 28 (1): 175- 184.
    71.
  71. Ghiasi S, Naeeinian MR, Rostami R, Roshan R, Kazemi R, Khomami S. Effectiveness of spirituality therapy in decreasing anxiety, depression and distress of women suffering from breast cancer. Andishe va Raftar J.2013; 7 (27): 27- 36.
    72.
  72. Akiyama K, Sutoo D. Effect of different frequencies of music on blood pressure regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neurosci Lett. 2011; 487 (1): 58– 60.
    73.
  73. Joanne L, Kristen S, AnnMarie D, Aimee T, Peter H. The effects of music therapy on vital signs, feeding and sleep in premature infant. Pediatrics. 2013; 131 (5): 902- 918.
    74.
  74. Razavian H, Barekatain B, Mohammadi Sepahvand S. Evaluation of the effect of music on pain perception, anxiety and blood pressure of patients under going root canal therapy. J Isfahan Dental Sch. 2012; 8 (5): 425- 432.
    75.
  75. Hemmati K, Farhadi P. Evaluating the impact of hearing wordless song on patients' vital signs undergoing spinal anesthesia admitted to imam khomeini and mostafa khomeini hospitals of ilam city during the year 1392. JAP. 2014; 5 (1): 10- 19.
    76.
  76. Martiniano EC, Ramos Santana MD, Damasceno Barros EL, Socorro da Silva M , Garner  DM, de Abreu LC. Musical auditory stimulus acutely influences heart rate dynamic responses to medication in subjects with well-controlled hypertension. Sci Rep. 2018; 8: 958.
    77.
  77. Akbarnejad A, Barzegar H, Soori R, Vosadi E, Poornemati P. The effect of different music rhythms in physiological responses of health young males after an exhaustive exercise session during recovery period. J Sport Biosci. 2014; 6 (1): 81- 93.
    78.
  78. Abolhasani S. Investigation of the effect of sensory stimulations on sleep deprivation symptoms in patients hospitalized in coronary care unit. Koomesh J. 2006; 7 (1): 71- 76.
    79.
  79. Cheraghi M, Akbari K, Bahramnezhad F, Haghani H. The effect of instrumental music on sleep in patients admitted to coronary care unit. Cardiovas Nurs J. 2015; 3 (4): 24- 33.
    80.
  80. McHenry J, Carrier N, Hull E, Kabbaj M. Sex differences in anxiety and depression: role of testosterone. Frontiers Neuroendocrin. 2014; 35 (1): 42- 57.
    81.
  81. Dording CM, Mischoulon D, Petersen TJ, Kornbluh R, Gordon J, Nierenberg AA. The pharmacologic management of SSRI- induced side effects: a survey of psychiatrists. An Clin Psychiat. 2002; 14 (3): 143- 147.
    82.
  82. Sheibani Tazraji F, Pakdaman S, Dadkhah A, Hasanzadeh Tavakoli MR. The effect of music therapy on depression and loneliness in old people. SIJA. 2010; 5 (2): 54- 60.
    83.
  83. Kousha S, Varasteh A. The effectiveness of music therapy on depression, quality of life and happiness of women with depression. Frooyesh J. 2018; 6 (4): 149- 170.
    84.
  84. Anna M, Mike J. Music therapy for depression: it seems to work, but how?. Br J Psychiat. 2011; 199 (2): 92- 93.
    85.
  85. Hsin C, Chyn- Yng Y, Yu L, Keng- Liang O. The impact of group music therapy on depression and cognition in elderly persons with dementia. Biological Res Nurs. 2014; 16 (2): 209- 217.
    86.
  86. Baker FA, Libby M, Gleadhill Genevieve A. Music therapy and emotional: exposing substance abuse clients to the experiences of non-drug-induced emotions. Arts Psychothe. 2007; 34 (4):321- 330.
    87.
  87. Aalbers S, Fusar-Poli L, Freeman RE, Spreen M, Ket JC, Vink AC, et al. Music therapy for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 11: CD004517.
    88.
  88. Moasheri BN, Sharifzadeh G, Nahardan M, Soofi K. The effects of music therapy on depression among students. Mod Care J. 2016; 13 (1): e8846.
    89.
  89. Castillo-Pérez S, Gómez-Pérez V, CalvilloVelasco M, Pérez-Campos E, AngelMayora M. Effects of music therapy on depression compared with psychotherapy. Arts Psychother. 2010; 37 (5): 387- 390.
    90.
  90. Mallik A, Chanda ML, Levitin DJ. Anhedonia to music and mu-opioids: evidence from the administration of naltrexone. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 41952.
    91.
  91. Sakka LS, Juslin PN. Emotion regulation with music in depressed and non-depressed individuals: Goals, strategies, and mechanisms. Music Sci. 2018; 1: 1- 12.
    92.
  92. Khalaf Beigi M, Bayanzadeh SA, Zadeh-mohmmadi A, Shafaroodi N. The effect of musical activity on memory and attention in schizophrenia. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2006; 12: 236- 243.
    93.
  93. Khalaf Beigi M, Akbar Fahimi M, Ashayeri H, Sheikh Mirfendereski T, Doostdar H. The effect of musical activities on memory in patients with schizophrenia. Koomesh J. 2013; 14 (2): 158-1 65.
    94.
  94. Ahmadi M, Banazadeh Dardashti M, Karimzadeh F. The anti-aggressive effect of music therapy in an animal model of schizophrenia. Shefaye Khatam J. 2014; 2 (1): 51- 55.
    95.
  95. Yang MI, He H, Duan M, Chen X, Chang X, Lai Y, et al. The effects of music intervention on functional connectivity strength of the brain in schizophrenia. Neur Plast J. 2018; 2018: ID 2821832.
    96.
  96. Kim J, Wigram T, Gold C. The effects of improvisational music therapy on joint attention behaviors in autistic children: a randomized controlled study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2008; 38 (9): 1758- 1766.
    97.
  97. Raglio A, Oasi O. Autism and music therapy. intersubjective approach and music therapy assessment. J Nordic Music Ther. 2011; 2 (2): 123- 141.
    98.
  98. Lundqvist LO, Carlsson F, Hilmersson P, Patrik N. Emotional responses to music: experience, expression, and physiology. Psychol Music. 2009; 37 (1): 61- 90.
    99.
  99. Hossein Khanzadeh AA, Imankhah F. The effect of music therapy along with play therapy on social behaviors and stereotyped behaviors of children with autism. PCP. 2017; 5 (4): 251- 262.
    100.
  100. 100. Lundqvist L, Andersson G, Viding J. Effects of vibroacoustic music on challenging behaviors in individuals with autism and developmental disabilities. Res Autism Spectrum Dis. 2009; 3 (2): 390- 400.
    101.
  101. 101. Catherine YW, Krystal D, Lauryn ZB, Andrea N, Gottfried S. From music making to speaking: engaging the mirror neuron system in autism. Brain Res Bull. 2010; 82 (2010): 161- 168.
    102.
  102. 102. Iseminger, Scott H. Keys to success with autistic children: structure, predictability, and consistency are essential for students on the autism spectrum. Teach Music. 2009; 16 (6): 28.
    103.
  103. 103. Allen R, Heaton P. Autism, music, and the therapeutic potential of music in alexithymia.Music Perception Int J. 2010; 27 (4): 251- 261.
    104.
  104. 104. Janzen TB, Michael H. Rethinking the role of music in the neurodevelopment of autism spectrum disorder. Music Sci. 2018; 1: 1- 8.
    105.
  105. 105. Eren B. The use of music interventions to improve social skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in integrated group music therapy sessions. Procedia Social Behav Sci. 2015; 197: 207- 213.
    106.
  106. 106. Khanjani Z, Khaknezhad Z. The effect of inactive music therapy on symptoms, communication deficit, and social interaction of children with autism spectrum disorder. JCMH. 2016; 3 (3): 97- 105.
    107.
  107. 107. Keyhani M, Shariatpanahi M. Assessment of music effect on concentration and attention among students of Azad University of medical sciences, Tehran unit. Med Sci J. 2008; 18 (2): 101- 106.
    108.

سند

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

الروابط

المراكز ذات الصلة

دعامة

الصفحات الرسمية

حقوق هذا الموقع الإلكتروني مملوكة لنظام SANAD Press Management. © 1442-1446

الصفحة الرئيسية| دخول| معلومات عنا| اتصل بنا|
[English] [فارسی] [en] [fa]