تأثیر آموزش مهارتهای اجتماعی بر کاهش نشانههای اختلال نافرمانی مقابلهای در کودکان
الموضوعات :لیلا شیرجنگ 1 , امیر هوشنگ مهریار 2 , حجت اله جاویدی 3 , سید ابراهیم حسینی 4
1 - دکتری روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.
2 - استاد گروه روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.
4 - دانشیار گروه زیست شناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: والدین, کودکان, اختلال نافرمانی مقابلهای, آموزش مهارتهای اجتماعی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تاثیر آموزش مهارتهای اجتماعی بر کاهش نشانههای اختلال نافرمانی مقابلهای در کودکان است. این پژوهش نیمه تجربی از نوع پیش‌آزمون- پسآزمون با گروه کنترل است. جامعه آماری شامل کودکان دختر دارای اختلال نافرمانی مقابلهای مراجعهکننده به مرکز مشاوره آموزش و پرورش استان فارس است. بر این اساس، 40 نفر بهعنوان نمونه در سه گروه آزمایش(هر گروه 10 نفر) و یک گروه کنترل(10 نفر) به‌صورت نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. مداخله طی 13 جلسه برای کودکان و 8 جلسه برای والدین ارائه شد. در این تحقیق جهت تشخیص اختلال نافرمانی مقابله ای کودکان، از مصاحبه بالینی و پرسشنامه علائم مرضی کودکان CSI-4 (فرم والدین) استفاده شد. مرحله پیگیری با فاصله دو ماه پس از مداخله درمانی انجام شد. یافتهها بر اساس تحلیل کوواریانس و آزمون لون(LSD) نشان داد که آموزش مهارتهای اجتماعی به کودکان، والدین و والد-کودک بر کاهش نشانههای اختلال نافرمانی مقابلهای کودکان تاثیر معناداری دارد. همچنین یافتهها در مرحله پیگیری نشان داد که آموزش مهارتهای اجتماعی به والدین، کودکان و والد-کودک در کنترل نشانههای اختلال نافرمانی مقابلهای کودکان موثر بوده است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر بیانگر آن است که آموزش مهارتهای اجتماعی سبب کاهش نشانه های اختلال نافرمانی مقابله ای کودکان میشود.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-5. Washington, D.C.
Adineh, Mina, and Hosna, Ja'far. (2016). The Effect of exposing thoughts on Interpersonal Problems in Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Single Subject Study. Methods and Models of Psychology, the seventh year, No. 23, P. 1-18.
Akbarzadeh, Davood, Hoveyda, Farnaz, and Ghalehgir and Asan, Nasrallah, and Mesrabadi, Javad. (2014). Comparison of social skills, impatience and sleep problems in students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal students. Urmia Medical Journal, (12) 25, P. 1067-1075.
American Psychiatric Association. (2015). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of DSM-5 Psychiatric Disorders; Translation by Hamiyak Avadisyans, Hasan Hashemiminabad and Davood Arabghahestani. Tehran: Roshd Publication.
Abedi, Ahmad, and Shahmiveh Esfahani, Arezoo, and Momeni, Farzaneh, and Shahmiveh Esfahani, Yasaman. (2016). Skills required for children to enter school. Esfahan: Neveshteh Publication.
Abbasi, Marzieh, and Neshat Dost, Hamid Taher. (2013). The Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy on Reduction of Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, (3) 5, P. 59-68.
Abdi, beheshteh. (2008). Social skills and behavioral problems in Iranian pre-school children. Quarterly Journal of Transformational Psychology, Year 4, No. 16, P. 333-342.
Ali Akbari, Noushafarin, and Abolqasemi, Abbas, and Atadokht, Akbar, and Nirumand somae, Behnam. (2015). The Effectiveness of Parent-Child Relationship Therapy on Increasing the Social Skills of Pre-School Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Personality and Individual Differences Quarterly, (7) 4, P. 47-63.
Barkley, R. A. (1997). ADHD and the nature of self-control. New York: Guil Ford.
Benjet, C., & Kazdin, A. E. (2003). Spanking children: the controversies, findings, and new directions. Clinical psychology review, 23, 197-224.
Barghi Irani, Ziba, Bakhti, Mojtaba, and Beigiyan Kolehmarz, Mohammad Javad. (2015). The Effectiveness of Training Social Skills Based on Cognitive Process on Social Well-being, Emotional, Psychological and Reducing Symptoms of Children's Disorder. Journal of Social Cognition, (1) 4, P. 157-176.
Bahamin, Masoumeh, Kouroshniya, Maryam (2017).The Mediating Role of Loneliness in The Relationship Between Social Skills and Social Adjustment among Adolescents, Psychological methods and models, year 8, No. 3, p. 253-268.
Choubdari , Asgar, Kazemi, Farangis, and Shahla, Pezeshk. (2016). Effectiveness of Reality Therapy Method on Reducing Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms in Male Students. Quarterly Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Persons, Year 6, No. 21, P. 137-154.
Daly, B.P., Creed, T., Xanthopoulos, M., Brown, R.T. (2007). Psychosocial treatments for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology Review, 17, 37-89.
Darling, N. (1999). Parenting style and its correlates, ERIC digests. ERIC clearing house on elementary and early childhood education Champaign IL.
Denault, A. S., & Déry, M. (2014). Participation in Organized Activities and Conduct Problems in Elementary School the Mediating Effect of Social Skills. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1063426614543950.
Dishion, T. J., & Kavanagh, K. (2003). Intervening in adolescent problem behavior: A family-centered approach. New York: Guilford press.
Forrester, M. A. (2009). The development of young children’s social- cognitive skills (essays in developmental psychology). New York: Psychology press.
Farhangi , Abdul Hassan, and Abdul Aliyan, Maryam. (2016). The Effectiveness of Social Skills Training on Self-Concept and Anxiety Sensitivity of Students with Learning Disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, Volume 5, No. 4, P. 43-58.
Gresham, F.M., & Ellit, S.N. (1990). Social Skill Rating system Manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
Ghazanfari, Firoozeh, Hosseini Ramaghani, Nasrin Sadat, and Moradiyani Giroud, Seyed Khadijeh, Mehrabi, Mahnaz, and Panahi, Hadi. (2016). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Parenting program on The General Health of Mothers Who Have Children With Oppositional Defiant disorder. Urmia Medical Journal, 27 (7), P. 629-641.
Ghodrati Mirkoohi, Mehdi, and Sharifi daramadi, Parviz, and Abdollahi Bagherabadi, Qasim. (2015). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Based on Parents’ Training on Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms. Exceptional Persons Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 22, P. 1-24.
Gharaei, Nafiseh, and Fathabadi, Jalil. (2013). The Effectiveness of Puppet Play Therapy on Improving Social Skills in Pre-School Children Suffering Down Syndrome. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology. Year 7, No. 2, Successive 26, P. 25-40.
Hayes, S. C., & Lillis, J. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy. American Psychological Association.
Huang, Y., Chung, CH., Ou, H., Chen, R-F., Pan, Y-J., Liu, SH. (2015). Treatment effects of combining social skill training and parent training in Taiwanese children with attention deficit. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Volume 114, Issue 3, Pages 260-267.
Harji, It, and Sanders, Christine, and Dixon, David. (2011). Social skills in interpersonal communication, translation by Khashayar Beigi and Mehrdad Firuzbakht. Tehran: Roshd Publications.
Jamali Paghaleh, Somayeh, and Abedi, Ahmad, and Nazari Badie, Marzieh and Mirzaee Rad, Reza. (2013). The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotional Social Learning Program and Social Problem Solving Education on the Reduction of Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms (Parental Assessment). Clinical Psychology quarterly, 12 (3), P. 43-70.
Johari Fard, Reza. (2015). The guide to the implementation of a chronicle form and clinical interview. Ahvaz Islamic Azad University, Clinical Psychology Department.
Kazdin, A. E. (1996). Combined and multimodal treatments in child and adolescent psychotherapy: Issues, challenges, and research directions. Clinical psychology: science and practice, 3, 69-100.
Kim, M. J., Doh, H. S., Hong, J. S., & Choi, M. K. (2011). Social skills training and parent education programs for aggressive preschoolers and their parents in South Korea. Child Youth Services, 33(6): 838-845.
McMahon, R. J., & Forehand, R. L. (2003). Helping the noncompliant child: family-based treatment for oppositional behavior (2nd Ed.). New York: Guilford.
Matthews, Walter, and Lachman, John. (2014). Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in childhood, translated by Parviz Sharifi Daramadi, Mehdi Ghodrati, Mohammad Reza Shahi and Ziba Shakour Sefat Seddiqi, First Edition, Tehran: Avaya Noor Publications.
Murshid, Narges, and Davoudi, Iran, and Babamiri, Mohammad. (2015). The Effectiveness of Group Therapy on The Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorders Among Children. Journal of Education and Public Health, 2 (3), P. 12-18.
Mesh, Eric. Jay, and Woolf, David A. (2017). Child Psychology; Translation by Mohammad Mozaffari Maki-Abadi and Asghar Foula Al-Din Adl, Tehran: Roshd Publications.
Mohammadlu, Hadi, and Ghorbanian, Elham, and Khanbani, Mehdi. (2015). The Effectiveness of Teaching Social-Cognitive Skills on Reducing Symptoms of Students’ Oppositional Defiant Disorders. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 9, No. 3, S. 35, P. 99-113.
Ratcliffe, B., Wong, M., Dossetor, & Hayes, S. (2014). Teaching social–emotional skills to school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A treatment versus control trial in 41 mainstream schools. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(12), 1722.
Rey, J. M. (2012). Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions. IACAPAP, Geneva. Section D, D2.
Radfar, Shokoofeh, and Molazamani, Fatemeh, and Kavei, Susan. (2016). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Adoption / Commitment Therapies and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy on Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a Military Hospital. Quarterly Journal of Military Psychology, Volume 7, No. 25, P. 5-19.
Schaefer, C. E. (2009). Play therapy for preschool children. American Psychological Association (Ends). Vol. 1, American psychological association publication.
Scott, N., & Seglow, J. (2007). Altruism. Open University Press.
Steiner, H., & Remsing, L. (2007). “Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder.” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(1):126-41.
Saduk, Benjamin, and Saduk, Virginia, and Rues, Pedro. (2016). Summary of Psychology by Kaplan and Saduk (Behavioral Science / Clinical Psychiatry), translated by Mehdi Ganji. Tehran: Savalan Publication.
Soleimani, Ismail, and Zahed Babelan, Adel and Farzaneh, Jebraiel, and Sotoudeh, Mohammad Bagher. (2011). Comparison of emotional deficits and social skills in students with learning disabilities and normal. Journal of Learning Disabilities, Year 1, No. 1, P. 78-93.
Sohrabi, Faramarz, and Asadzadeh, Hassan, and Arabzadeh Kupani, Zohreh. (2014). The Effect of Parental Education on the Reduction of Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Pre-school Children. School Psychology Magazine, Volume 3, No. 2, P. 82-103.
Sharifi daramadi, Parviz, and Yegian Kolehmarz, Mohammad, and Padarand, Hafez. Gravand, Farshid. (2013). The Effectiveness of Impulse Control Training on Impulsivity and Improvement of Symptoms of Students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5 (4), P. 42-29.
Sadri Demirchi, Ismail, and Ismaili Ghazi Volouei, Fariba. (2016). The Effectiveness of Teaching Social-Emotional Skills on Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Social Skills of Children with Special Learning Disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, Volume 5, No. 4, P. 59-86.
Sadri, Maryam, Zare Bahramabadi, Mehdi and Ghiasi, Mahnaz. (2016). The Effectiveness of Attachment-Based Treatment and Social Skills in Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health, 3 (2), P. 21-30.
Safari, Soheila, Faramarzi, Salar, and Abedi, Ahmad. (2012). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Play Therapy on Reducing Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 4, No. 4, P. 1-11.
Tiggs, P.L. (2010). Play therapy techniques for African American elementary school-aged children diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorders. [Dissertation]. Capella University.
VanVugt, E.S., Deković, M., Prinzie, P., Stams, G.J.J.M., & Asscher, J.J. (2012). Evaluation of a group-based social skills training for children with problem behavior, Children and Youth Services Review, In Press, Corrected Proof.
Vanwagner, K. (2008). Attachment theory. Available online at:http://www.psychologyAbout. Com. info/attachment. Zarei, Asieh. (2008). The Effectiveness of Social Skills on Reducing Oppositional Defiant Disorder among 9-11 year-old male students in Mashhad. Master's Thesis, Allameh Tabataba'i University.
Yarmohamadian, Ahmad, Ghaderi, Zahra, Cgavoshifar, Nasim (1390).The Effectiveness of Parental Skills Training on 4to6-year-old Pre-school children's behavioral problems, Psychological methods and models, Year 2, No. 6, p.17-32.
_||_
