بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر آلودگی محیط‌زیست در ایران

الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی

سید محمدرضا مهدویان ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، اقتصاد کشاورزی، گرایش منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست،دانشگاه زابل، ایران.)
سامان ضیائی ² (دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی،گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی،دانشگاه زابل، ایران.)
علیرضا کیخا ³ (استادیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی،دانشگاه زابل.)

تاريخ الإرسال : 22 الإثنين , جمادى الأولى, 1440 تاريخ التأكيد : 05 الإثنين , ربيع الأول, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 18 الجمعة , جمادى الثانية, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: رشد اقتصادی, شکست ساختاری, سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی, مصرف برق, آلودگی زیست محیطی,

ملخص المقالة :

مقدمه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت مسائل زیست­محیطی، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر آلودگی محیط­زیست بیش از گذشته مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. از این رو، مطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثرات مصرف برق، توسعه مالی، سرمایه­گذاری مستقیم خارجی و رشد اقتصادی بر انتشار  در ایران طی سال­های 1970-2016 پرداخته است.
مواد و روش­ها: برای این منظور، از روش خود توضیح با وقفه­های گسترده استفاده گردید و جهت بررسی مانایی، از آزمون­های ریشه واحد دیکی فولر تعمیم‌یافته، زیوت-اندریوز و لی- استرازیسیچ استفاده شد. همچنین جهت بررسی هم انباشتگی، آزمون گریگوری-هانسن به کار گرفته شد.
یافته­ها: نتایج حاصل از تخمین بلندمدت نشان ­می­دهد که مصرف برق و رشد اقتصادی اثری مثبت بر میزان انتشار کربن دارند و با افزایش یک درصدی آن­ها، میزان انتشار کربن به ترتیب 58/0 و 05/0 درصد افزایش می­یابند. رابطه توسعه مالی و انتشار کربن منفی است و با افزایش یک درصدی توسعه مالی، انتشار کربن به میزان 09/0 درصد کاهش خواهد یافت. رابطه سرمایه­گذاری مستقیم خارجی و انتشار کربن (آلودگی) مثبت است و نشان می­دهد فرضیه پناهگاه آلودگی در ایران دارای اعتبار است و با افزایش یک درصدی سرمایه­گذاری مستقیم خارجی، میزان انتشار کربن، 01/0 درصد افزایش خواهد یافت.
بحث و نتیجه­گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده و از آنجایی که ایران از نظر منابع تجدید پذیر جز کشورهای غنی محسوب می­گردد، ضروری است کشور ایران با یک برنامه­ریزی مدون، ضمن رهایی بودجه و تولید ناخالص داخلی از دام درآمدهای نفتی، به سمت جایگزینی منابع تجدید ناپذیر حرکت کند تا ضمن حفظ منابع انرژی، آلودگی­های زیست­محیطی نیز کاهش یابد. همچنین ضروری است که دولت و قانون‌گذاران در ایران به دنبال جذب سرمایه در زمینه بازسازی بخش تولیدی کشور به ویژه صنعت و به‌کارگیری فناوری­های دوستدار محیط‌زیست باشند.
طبقه­بندی JEL: Q50, P18,C50.

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