رابطه بین حمل و نقل، رشد اقتصادی و محیطزیست درکشورهای منتخب منا
الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی
مهسا کلانترزاده
1
(دانشجوی دکترای علوم اقتصادی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
فاطمه زندی
2
(استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
محمد خضری
3
(استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
بیژن صفوی
4
(استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: توسعه پایدار, حمل و نقل, انتشارCO2, کشورهای منا, سیستم معادلات هم‌زمان,
ملخص المقالة :
در روند حرکت جهانی به سوی توسعه پایدار توجه به آسیبهای زیستمحیطی ناشی از بخش انرژی، امری ضروری بشمار می‌رود. بخش انرژی، با وجود ایفای نقش اساسی در فرآیند توسعه اقتصادی موجب نشر آلایندههای گوناگون زیستمحیطی نیز میشود که بخش عمده گازهای آلاینده و گلخانهای منتشر شده در جهان به صورت گاز دیاکسیدکربن و ناشی از سوختهای فسیلی حاصل از گسترش توسعه صنعتی و حمل و نقل است. از سوی دیگر، گسترش بخش حمل و نقل از الزمات رشد اقتصادی است و بدون توسعه زیرساختهای بخش حمل و نقل، رشد مداوم و مستمر اقتصادی ممکن نیست. بنابراین، حمل و نقل یک عامل مهم و تأثیرگذار برای توسعه اقتصادی بشمار می‌رود و نقش آن در فعالیتهای تولیدی و مبادلات تجاری بین کشورها ضروری است. در این مطالعه، هدف بررسی ارتباط بین حمل و نقل، رشد اقتصادی و محیطزیست در کشورهای منتخب منا در دوره زمانی 2016-1996 با استفاده از سیستم معادلات هم‌زمان میباشد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که با وجود تأثیر مثبت محیطزیست بر رشد اقتصادی و حمل و نقل، آلودگی زیستمحیطی نیز در فرآیند رشد اقتصادی و حمل و نقل افزایش مییابد. هم‌چنین، با وجود تأثیر مثبت حمل و نقل بر رشد اقتصادی، رشد اقتصادی نیز حمل و نقل را افزایش میدهد. لذا، پیشنهاد میشود تأثیرات زیستمحیطی و اجتماعی حمل و نقل مورد توجه قرار گیرد. هم‌چنین،کشورها مجموعهای از ابزارهای اقتصادی، مالی، تنظیم مقررات نظارتی و تکنولوژیکی را برای کنترل عوامل مؤثر بر رشد اقتصادی نظیر حمل و نقل، مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای آلاینده بکار گیرند.
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