ارزیابی نقش کارآفرینی و توسعه اقتصادی در مناطق روستایی، مطالعه موردی: روستاهای محور زنجان- تاکستان در استان زنجان

الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

جمشید عینالی ¹ (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)

تاريخ الإرسال : 23 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1444 تاريخ التأكيد : 01 الأحد , شعبان, 1445 تاريخ الإصدار : 13 الثلاثاء , ذو القعدة, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: استان زنجان, اقتصاد روستایی, کارآفرینی روستایی, کسب و کارهای خرد,

ملخص المقالة :

امروزه بخش کشاورزی به تنهایی توانایی پاسخگویی و حل چالش‌های اقتصادی مناطق روستایی را ندارد. از این رو، برخی از صاحب‌نظران توسعه روستایی، کارآفرینی را به عنوان موتور محرکه و عامل تسهیلگر توسعه اقتصادی مناطق روستایی مورد توجه قرار می‌دهند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش کارآفرینی در توسعه اقتصاد روستایی و تنوع بخشی به آن در روستاهای واقع بر روی محور ارتباطی جاده ترانزیت زنجان- تاکستان در محدوده سیاسی استان زنجان است. تحقیق حاضر از نوع کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی-تحلیلی مبتنی بر گردآوری داده‌ها با استفاده از تکمیل پرسش‌نامه است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، 11 روستای واقع در روی جاده ترانزیت زنجان- تاکستان در استان زنجان بوده که بر اساس داده‌های سرشماری نفوس و مسکن (1395) دارای 7207 خانوار است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، تعداد 365 مورد (65 مورد از بین مسئولین روستایی، 36 مورد از کارآفرینان ساکن روستا و 264 مورد از ساکنین عادی) به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد. روایی گویه‌های پرسشنامه از دیدگاه متخصصان بررسی شده و پایایی متغیرها از طریق ضریب آلفا‌ی کرونباخ به میزان 834% محاسبه شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری t تک نمونه‌ای، t دو نمونه‌ای و رگرسیون استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد که کارآفرینی روستایی تاثیر مثبت و معناداری در توسعه اقتصاد روستایی دارد. به طوری که، کارآفرینی روستایی بیشترین تاثیر را در شاخص‌های "بهبود زیرساخت‌های تولیدی و خدماتی در روستا" و "شکل‌گیری سرمایه و افزایش سرمایه‌گذاری در روستا" با میانگین عددی 4.29 و 3.90 داشت. علاوه بر این، نتایج آزمون برابری واریانس لونز نشان داد که تفاوت دیدگاه دو گروه (افراد معمولی و مدیران) در شاخص "شکل‌گیری سرمایه و سرمایه‌گذاری در روستا" در سطح 95 درصد و در شاخص "افزایش قدرت پذیرش ریسک" در سطح 90 درصد معنادار بود. همچنین مدل برازش رگرسیونی با ضریب تعیین (0.882) بیانگر تاثیر مثبت کارآفرینی روستایی در "تنوع فرصت‌های شغلی و درآمدی در روستا" بود. به طوری که، شاخص‌های شکل‌گیری سرمایه و سرمایه‌گذاری در روستا، بهبود زیرساخت‌های تولیدی و خدماتی، دسترسی به دانش و فناوری جدید و افزایش قدرت پذیرش ریسک فعالیت‌های کارآفرینانه، به ترتیب به میزان 0.374، 0.348، 0.302 و0.213 در "تنوع فرصت‌های شغلی و درآمدی" تاثیرگذار بود.

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