تأثیر سرمایه ‏گذاری در تحقیق و توسعه بر عملکرد صادراتی بنگاه‌های صنعتی استان‌های ایران

الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

محمد مهدی برقی اسگویی ¹ , بهزاد سلمانی ² , رحیم صائمی ³

1 - دانشیار گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 - استاد اقتصاد/دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت/دانشگاه تبریز/ تبریز/ ایران
3 - دانشجوی دکترای اقتصاد بینالملل، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 28 الأربعاء , ذو القعدة, 1440 تاريخ التأكيد : 11 الأحد , ربيع الثاني, 1441 تاريخ الإصدار : 07 الأربعاء , جمادى الثانية, 1442

الکلمات المفتاحية: صادرات بنگاه‌های صنعتی, استان‌های کشور, (GMM-SYS), سرمایه‏گذاری در تحقیق و توسعه, گشتاور تعمیم‏یافتۀ سیستمی,

ملخص المقالة :

امروزه صادرات غیرنفتی نقش مهمی در ارز‏آوری کشور ایفا می‌نماید. مطالعات تجربی مربوط به صادرات نشان می‌دهد که میزان صادرات بنگاه‌ها تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلفی از جمله نرخ ارز، بهره‏وری و سرمایه‏گذاری در تحقیق و توسعه می‌باشد. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر سرمایه‏گذاری در تحقیق و توسعه بر عملکرد صادراتی بنگاه‌های صنعتی استان‌های کشور طی سال‌های 1394-1379 با استفاده از روش گشتاور تعمیم‏یافتۀ سیستمی است. به دلیل تغییرات جغرافیای سیاسی استان‏ها در سال‌های مذکور، تقسیمات کشوری شامل 28 استان در نظر گرفته شده و استان‏های البرز، خراسان شمالی و جنوبی به صورت استان‌های جداگانه در مطالعه لحاظ نشده‌اند. داده‏های مورد نیاز با استفاده از روش اسنادی و کتابخانه‏ای، از گزارش‏های سرشماری سالانه کارگاه‏های صنعتی بالای ده نفر کارکن و بیشتر و حساب‏های منطقه‏ای مرکز آمار ایران جمع‏آوری شده است. نتایج حاصل از برآورد مدل نشان می‌دهد سرمایه‏گذاری در تحقیق و توسعه تأثیر مثبت و معنی‏داری بر بهبود عملکرد صادراتی بنگاه‌های صنعتی دارد به طوری که با افزایش یک درصدی سرمایه‏گذاری در بخش تحقیق و توسعه، عملکرد صادراتی بنگاه‌های صنعتی 063/0 درصد افزایش می‏یابد. در کنار بررسی اثر سرمایه‏گذاری در تحقیق و توسعه، متغیرهای توضیحی مانند هزینۀ تبلیغات، بهره‏وری نیروی‏کار، سرمایه انسانی، سهم بازار بخش صنعت از کل بازار هر استان و مخارج کل بخش صنعت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است که نتایج حاکی از تأثیر مثبت آنها بر عملکرد صادراتی بنگاه‌های صنعتی دارد. همچنین یافته‏ها نشان داد متغیر بهره‏وری نیروی کار و سهم بازار بخش صنعت در بین متغیرهای توضیحی به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر عملکرد صادراتی داشته‏اند.

المصادر:

1. Algieri, B., Aquino, A. & Mannarino, L. (2018). Non-Price Competitiveness and Financial Drivers of Exports: Evidences from Italian Regions. Italian Economic Journal, 4(1),  pp 107-133.


2. Andersson, M. & Ejermo, O. (2006). Technology and Trade-an analysis of technology
   specialization and export flows, CIRCLE LUND, Paper, No 5.


3. Arellno, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Same Tests of Specification for Panel Data, Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations, The Review of Economic Studies, 58 (2), pp 277-297.


4. Atkeson, A & Burstein, A. (2007). Innovation, Firm Dynamics, and International Trade, Department of Economics, UCLA, working paper.


5. Awokuse, T. O. (2007). Causality between Exports, Imports, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Transition Economies. Economic Letters, 94 (3), pp 389-395.


6. Bakhtiari, S., & Dehghani Zadeh, M. (2013). The Role of Industrial Activities in the Economic Development of the Input-Output Model Approach (Urban Areas), The Journal of Planning & Budgeting, 18 (2), pp 59-79. (in Persian)


7. Baltagi, B. (2008). Econometric analysis of panel data. 5th Edition. John Wiley & Sons Publication.


8. Barber J., & Alegre, J. (2007). Analyzing the Link between Export Intensity, Innovation and Firm Size in a Science-Based Industry. International Business Review, 16 (3), pp 275-293.


9. Barkhordari, S., & Azimi, N, Ali. (2008). The Short-term and Long-Term Impact of Research and Development Subsidies on Iran's Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of  New Economy and Trade, 14, pp 111-128. (in Persian)


10. Basile, R. (2001). Export Behavior of Italian Manufacturing Firms over the Nineties: The Role of Innovation. Research Policy. 30 ( 8), pp 1185–1201.


11. Cardose, A., & Teixeira, A. C. (2009). Return on R&D Investment: A Comperhensive Survey on the Magnitude and Evaluation Methodologies. UITT Working Papers. www.inescporto.pt/uitt /RePEc/09.


12. Cintio, M. D. Ghosh, S., & Grassi, E. (2017). Firm growth, R&D expenditures and exports: An empirical analysis of Italian SMEs. Research Policy, 46 (4), pp 836- 852.


13. Clerides, Sofronis K. Saul Lach & James R. Tybout (1998). Is Learning by Exporting Important? Micro-Dynamic Evidence from Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(3), pp 903-947.


14. Dehghani, A., Kheradmand, K., & Abdi, M. (2007). Cost Effectiveness of Research and Development Case Study of Manufacturing Cooperatives of Khorasan Razavi Province and Iranian Industries, Scientific Journal Management System, 4 (2), pp 99-114. (in Persian)


15. Dehghani, A., & Sheikh, R. (2016). Investigating the Interplay of Advertising, Research, and Exports in the Iranian Wood Products Industry (SUR Approach),The Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology,  23 (1), pp 229-272. (in Persian)


16. Dzhumashev, R. Mishra., V & Smyth, R. (2016). Exporting, R&D investment and firm survival in the Indian IT sector. Journal of Asian Economics, 42(3). pp 1-19.


17. Esteve-Pe, S., & Rodrı guez, R.D. (2013). The dynamics of exports and R&D in SMEs, Small Bus Econ, 41, pp 219–240, DOI 10.1007/s11187-012-9421-4.


18. Falk. M & Lemos. F. F. D. (2019). Complementarity of R&D and productivity in SME export behavior. Journal of Business Research, 96(1), pp 157- 168.


19. Fu, X. and Gong, Y. (2011). Indigenous and foreign innovation efforts and drivers of technological upgrading: Evidence from China, World Development, 37(9),  pp 1213-1225.


20. Halpern, L., & Murakozy, B. (2009). Innovation, Productivity and Exports: the Case of Hungary, Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.Working Papers, pp 1-21.


21. Harris, R., & Li, Q.C. (2008). Exporting, R&D, and absorptive capacity in UK establishments. Oxford Economic Papers, 61 (1), pp 74-103.


22. Harris, R., & Moffat, J. (2011). R&D, Innovation & Exporting in Britain: An Empirical Analysis, SERC (Spatial Economics Research Center) Discussion Paper 73.


23. Hirsch, S. (1967). Location of industry and international competitiveness. Oxford: Clarendon Press.


24. Hufbauer, G. C. (1970). The Impact of National Characteristics and Technology, on the Commodity Composition of Trade in Manufactured Goods, in Vernon (ed.) The Technology Factor in International Trade (New York, Columbia University Press). International Trade Center. Trade statistics(http://www.intracen.org)


25. Hughes, K. S. (1985). Export and innovation. European Economic Review, 30,  pp 383-399.


26. International Trade Center. Trade statistics(http://www.intracen.org).


27. Guan, N.M. (2003). Innovative Capability and Export Performance of ChineseFirms. Journal of Thechnovation. 23 (9), pp 737-747.


28. Greene, W. H. (2008). Econometric analysis. 6th Edition, New Jersey. Upper Saddle River: Pearson International.


29. Kagochi, J. M., & Jolly, C. M. (2010). R&D investments, human capital, and the competitiveness of selected U.S. agricultural export commodities. International Journal of Applied Economics, 7(1),  pp 58-77.


30. Li, C & Lu. J. (2018). R&D, Financing Constraints and Export Green Sophistication in China. China Economic Review, 47 (1), pp 234- 244.


31. Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, (22), pp 3-42.
    
    
    1. Mehregan, N., Dehghanpour, M, R., & Deh Mobed, B. (2011). Exports of High-Tech Industries and its Affecting Factors, Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 3 (4), pp 69-82. (in Persian)
    
    
    2. Melitz, Marc J. (2003). The Impact of Trade on Aggregate Industry Productivity and
       Intra-Industry Reallocations. Econometrics, 71(6), pp1695-1725.
    
    
    3. Mitchell, P. (1988): Modeling migration to and from London using the Nhscr, London chamber of commerce paper presented to Regional science association workshop on Regional Demography. April.
    
    
    4. Mobark, Asghar. (2010). The Impact of Investing in Research and Development on Exports in Iran, Journal of  Science Thechnology & Incubators, 7 (25), pp 47-39. (in Persian)
    
    
    5. Mohammadzadeh, P., & Rahnama Gharamaleki, Gh. (2012). Investigating the Impact of Domestic R&D Capital Volume and Foreign Capital Inventory on the Value Added of Iranian Medium and Large Industries, Iranian Journal of Economic Research, 12 (4), pp 124-103. (in Persian)
    
    
    6. Montobbio, F., Rampa, F. (2005). The Impact of Technology and Structural Change in Export Performance in Developing Countries. World Development, 33 (4), pp 527-547.
    
    
    7. Mason, C. & Wagner, K. (1994). Innovation and the Skill Mix: Chemicals and Engineering in Britain and Germany. National Institute Economic Review, May, pp. 61-72.
    
    
    8. Papadogonas, T., Fotini, V. & George, A. (2007). Determinants of export behavior in the Greek manufacturing sector. Operational Research, 7(1), pp 121- 135.
    
    
    9. Penan, H. (1996). R&D strategy in a technoeconomic network. Alzheimer's disease therapeutic strategies research Policy, 25 (3),  pp 337-358.
    
    
    10. Posner, M. V. (1961). International trade and technical change. Oxford Economic Papers, 13 (3), pp 232- 341.
    
    
    11. Pour Abadollahan Kovich, M., Asgharpour, H., Fallahi, F., & Abdi, H. (2010). The Effect of Human Capital Accumulation on Industrial Exports in Iranian Provinces, Economic Studies and Politics, 2 (2), pp 111-130. (in Persian)
    
    
    12. Pour Abadollahan Kovich, M., Asgharpour, H., Fallahi, F., & Abdi, H. (2011). The Role of Human Capital in the Export of Industrial Sub-Sectors of Chemicals and Basic Metals of Iran, The Journal of Economic Policy, 1(2), pp 99-122. (in Persian)
    
    
    13. Rabiei, M. (2008). The Role of Research and Development in the Economic Development of Countries, Journal of  Science Thechnology & Incubators, 4 (3), pp 35-40. (in Persian)
    
    
    14. Romer, P. M. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98 (5), pp 71-102.
    
    
    15. Rust, F.C. (2015). Requirements for a systems-based research and development management process in transport infrastructure engineering. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 26(1), pp 87-101.
    
    
    16. Salim, R, A., & Bloch, H. (2004). Business expenditures on R&D and trade performances in Australia: Is there a link? School of Economics & Finance, Curtin Business School (CBS), Curtin University of Technology, Tier-1,round 2,  pp 1-20.
    
    
    17. Salk Zamani, E. (2006). The Impact of Investment in Research and Development (R&D) on the Export of Industrial Activity in the ISIC (Dual Codes), Master Thesis, Hamedan Bu Ali Sina University. (in Persian)
    
    
    18. Salman, B., & Abdi, H. (2014). The Effects of R&D and Technology Imports on Food and Beverage Exports in Iran, Quarterly Journal of  Applied Economic Studies in Iran (ASEI), 3 (10), pp 83-106. (in Persian)
    
    
    19. Shah Abadi, A., & Mirzabazadeh, S. (2012). The Influence of Internal and External Research and Development Costs (from the Import Channel) on Iranian Non-Oil Exports, Quarterly Journal Of New Economics and Trade, 7 (29 & 30), pp 109-131. (in Persian)
    
    
    20. Shakeri, A. (2004). Determinants of Iranian Non-Oil Exports, Iranian  Journal Of Economic Research, 6 (21), pp 23-50. (in Persian)
    
    
    21. Singh, D.A. (2009). Export Performance and Emerging Market Firms. International Business Review, 18 (4),  pp 321-330.
    
    
    22. Statistical Centre of Iran, (2000-2015). Summary Findings On Survey of Manufacturing stablishments With 10 and More Workers. (in Persian)
    
    
    23. Statistical Centre of Iran, ( 2000-5015). regional accounts. (in Persian)
    
    
    24. Sterlacchini, Alessandro (2001): The Determinants of Export Performance: A Firm-Level Study of Italian Manufacturing.Weltwirschaftliches Archiv, 137, pp 450-472.
    
    
    25. Suri, A. (2010). Econometrics with the Use of Eviews Software 7, Journal of Cultural Studies, First Edition, Tehran. (in Persian)
    
    
    26. Vernon, R. (1966). International Trade in the Product Cycle, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80 (2) 2, pp 190-207.
    
    
    27. Vogiatzoglou, K. (2009). Determinants of Export Specialization in ICT Products: A Cross Analysis, International Network for Economic Research, Working Paper, No. 3.
    
    
    28. Wang, F. (2014). Complementarities between R&D investment and exporting-Evidence from China, China Economic Review, 31, pp 217–227.
    
    
    29. Wells, Louis T., Jr. (1969). Test of a Product Cycle Model of International Trade: U.S. Exports of Consumer Durables. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 83(1), pp 152– 62.
    
    
    30. Yang, C.H., & Chen, Y.H. (2011). R&D, Productivity and Exports: Plant-Level Evidence from Indonesia. Economic Modeling. 30(3), pp 220-231.