تاثیر خشکسالی‌ اقلیمی دودهه (1390-1370) برناپایداری توسعه در دهستان هشیوارشهرستان داراب

الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

یاسمین عطایی ¹ , سیروس قنبری ² , صمد فتوحی ³

1 - دانش اموخته کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی روستایی دانشگاه سیستان وبلوچستان
2 - استادیار جغرافیای انسانی(برنامه ریزی روستایی)دانشکده جغرافیا وبرنامه ریزی محیطی،دانشگاه سیستان وبلوچستان،زاهدان،ایران.
3 - دانشیار جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان

تاريخ الإرسال : 13 السبت , رمضان, 1440 تاريخ التأكيد : 09 السبت , جمادى الأولى, 1441 تاريخ الإصدار : 13 الجمعة , ذو الحجة, 1442

الکلمات المفتاحية: خشکسالی, شهرستان داراب, ناپایداری توسعه, دهستان هشیوار,

ملخص المقالة :

بدون تردید نخستین گام به منظور مقابله با خشکسالی و پیامدهای آن شناخت و درک دقیق این پدیده و تاثیرات ناشی از آن در ابعاد مختلف است تا بتوان براساس آن، راهبردها و راهکارهای اثربخشی را تدوین و به کار گرفت. از آنجا که دهستان هشیوار ازشهرستان داراب به عنوان دهستانی با قابلیت کشاورزی خوب شناخته شده است، به نظر می رسد اقتصاد این روستاها به میزان بارندگی و منابع آب وابستگی مستقیم داشته باشد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، واکاوی و تبین اثرات خشکسالی بر اقتصاد و مهاجرت روستایی در دهستان هشیوار شهرستان داراب است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر روش  توصیفی- تحلیلی و از نظر ماهیت از نوع پژوهش های کاربردی بوده که نحوه گردآوری داده ها به صورت  کتابخانه ای و میدانی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، 17روستای دهستان هشیوار (8403نفر از10روستای دارای جمعیت این دهستان)می باشدکه حجم نمونه براساس فرمول کوکران 286نفربرآورد گردید. برای تحلیل داده ها از آمار استنباطی(آزمون T ) و همچنین به منظور بررسی پایش خشکسالی از شاخص های معتبر استاندارد بارش (Spi) و درصد نرمال بارش (PNPI) استفاده گردید. نتایج بدست آمده براساس شاخص Spi  نشان می دهدکه طی سالهای1382، 1384 و 1387 منطقه مورد مطالعه با خشکسالی متوسط و درسال 1374 با ترسالی بسیار شدید مواجه بوده است. همچنین براساس شاخص PNPI در سالهای  1380و 1382 منطقه با خشکسالی ضعیف و در سال های 1378، 1379، 1386 با خشکسالی شدید و در سال های 1384، 1387 با خشکسالی بسیار شدید مواجه بوده است. خشکسالی های این دوره سبب کاهش سطوح زیر کشت در روستاهای دهستان هشیوار گردیده و ناپایداری توسعه در زمینه های اقتصادی واجتماعی بخصوص  کاهش درآمد ومهاجرت را به همراه داشته است.دربررسی پرسشنامه ای تأثیر خشکسالی بر ابعاداقتصادی و اجتماعی مردم روستاهای منطقه مورد مطالعه، 73 درصد به تاثیرخیلی زیاد و 25 درصد به تاثیر زیاد و2درصد به تاثیرکم آن اذعان داشته اند.

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