Cultural Resilience Management and its factors to effect on Natural Disasters and Accidents: A Review of the Literature
الموضوعات : مجله بین المللی علوم اجتماعیReza Ghahramani 1 , Fatemeh Azizabadi Farahani 2 , Hamideh Reshadatjoo 3 , Ataollah Abtahi 4
1 - Ph.D. Student of Cultural Management of Artistic and Cultural Affairs, Faculty of Management and Economy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Cultural Management and Planning, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Higher Education Management, Faculty of Management Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Media Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Resilience, Natural disasters and accidents, Urban resilience, Cultural resilience management,
ملخص المقالة :
This article aims to present and elucidate the influential factors in the management of cultural resilience towards natural disasters and accidents in Iranian cities through a literature review. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative, with a descriptive objective. It serves as a compilation of concepts and theories pertaining to cultural resilience and relevant research literature. Furthermore, the research has practical implications and outcomes. The findings indicate that the concept of resilience, in terms of developing capacities that enable a return to pre-disaster conditions, is closely linked to the cultural resilience approach. This approach encompasses various cultural factors, including the environmental dimension, which involves elements such as environmental culture, supportive social relationships, participation in community activities, and the human dimension, which encompasses functional achievements, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The results demonstrate that given the susceptibility of Iranian cities to accidents based on historical experiences and the growing urban population, it would be a prudent measure to identify the cultural indicators specific to each province in order to effectively manage cultural resilience in the face of natural disasters and accidents. This approach is expected to contribute to the mitigation of both financial and non-financial consequences.
المصادر:
1. Adams, H., Blackburn, S., Mantovani, N., (2021), Psychological resilience for climate change transformation: relational, differentiated and situated perspectives, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, Vol 50, PP 303–309. (6pages) available at:
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/278668/1-s2.0-S1877343520X00066/1-s2.0-S187734352100083X/main.pdf
2. Adger, W. N. (2000). Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in human geography, 24(3), 347-364(17pages). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540465
3. Alai Khuraim, R. Narimani, M. Alai Khuraim, S. (2011). Comparison of self-efficacy beliefs and progress motivation among students with and without learning disabilities, Journal of Learning Disabilities, Volume 1, Number 3, pp. 104-85 (19 pages). Available at: https://jld.uma.ac.ir/article_105_044fcc0c1f961e2d3dbc773ff3beb4a6.pdf
4. Amiri.M., Alfat.L., Faizi.K., Salehi Abarqaui.M.R. (2017), Designing a model for organizational resilience, Productivity Management, Year 11 - Number 44, pp. 35-65 (30 pages). Available at http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1610954301-10098-99-46.pdf
5. Ardalan, A. Rajaei, M. H. and Azin, A. (2012), Terminology of Disaster Risk Reduction, Ministry of Health, Medical Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education Publications, first edition. available in https://phc.umsu.ac.ir/uploads/ardalan_-_disaster_terminology.pdf
6. Azizabadi Farahani, F. and Masoudi, R. (2019), "Measuring Cultural Participation", Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit.
7. Azizi Abarghoei, M. (2008). The relationship between self-efficacy and the quality of learning experiences with academic burnout of master's students of Allameh Tabatabaei University in Tehran. Master's thesis. Available at https://elmnet.ir/article/10543958-95125
8. Azizpour, T, (2021), What is cultural resilience? Available at https://www.migna.ir/news/53865
9. Bagheri Maragheh, N., Motamedi, M. and Mafi, A. (2022), evaluating the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of an earthquake, Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Volume 22, Number 64, pp. 329-347 (18 pages). Available at https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1667800275-9495-64-17.pdf
10. Barjali, A. et al. (2017). The effectiveness of a life skills training program based on Islamic culture on the happiness and resilience of divorced women, two quarterly journals of cultural psychology, volume 2, number 2. pp. 1-21 (21 pages) accessible at https://jcp.samt.ac.ir/article_93198_201c12c375456b3f765140b61f12acf6.pdf
11. Bastaminia, A, R; Rezaei, M.R. and Sarai, M.H. (2016), explanation and analysis of the concept of resilience and its indicators and frameworks in natural resources, knowledge of prevention and crisis management, volume 6, number 1. pp. 32-46 (14 pages) available at: https://dpmk.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-47-1&sid=1&slc_lang=fa
12. Behzadfar.M., Omidar.B., Qalibaf.M., Ghasemi.R. (2017), Compilation of urban resilience index against earthquakes, Emdad and Vanjat magazine, 9th volume, 3 consecutive numbers, pp. 80-87, accessible from http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1664783509-10592-88-281.pdf
13. Bhara. R. Dani.S and Burnard.K (2011). Resilience: the concept. a literature review and future directions. International Journal of Production Research. 49(18)5375-5393(18pages). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563826
14. Botton, S., Van Heusden, M., Parsons, J. R., and Smidt, H. N. 2006. Strallen Van, Resilience of Microbial Systems towards Disturbances, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 32: 101– 112(12 pages). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16850561
15. Bujones, A.K., Jaskiewicz, K., Linakis, L., & Mcgirr, M., (2013), A Framework for Analyzing Resilience in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations. USAID, 1-16. Retrieved from: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAB059.pdf
16. Cambridge Dictionary, (2023) Available from https://dictionary.cambridge.org
17. https://climatepromise.undp.org/what-we-do/areas-of-work/adaptation-resilience
18. Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. [DOI:10.1002/da.10113] [PMID]
19. Croce, S., and Vettorato, D., (2021), Urban surface uses for climate resilient and sustainable cities: A catalogue of solutions, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol 75, PP 103-313(10Pages). Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670721005898
20. Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., et al. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 598-606(8 pages) [DOI:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013]
21. Dawai.M., Kashani Vahid.L., Ajarlo.A., (2021), The effectiveness of creative problem-solving training on emotional management and resilience of mothers of successful students, New Journal of Cognitive Sciences, 23rd year, No. 1, pp. 106- 115 (9 pages) available at https://icssjournal.ir/article-1-1104-en.pdf
22. Dosti. P., Hosseini N. N., (2019), construction and standardization of self-esteem measurement scale, Journal of New Developments in Behavioral Sciences, fifth period, number 48, pp. 19-27 (8 pages). Available from http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1610780157-10089-48-2.pdf
23. Ergun. A.L. P and Dewaele. J.M (2021). Do well-being and resilience predict the foreign language teaching enjoyment of teachers of Italian? System99.102506 Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350702662_Do_Wellbeing_and_Resilience_predict_the_Foreign_Language_Teaching_Enjoyment_of_teachers_of_Italian
24. . Faraji, A; Shamsipour, A. and Barzman, S. (2019), Sociological assessment and evaluation of the resilience of Varamin city against the risks caused by climate changes, Natural Geography Research, Volume 52, Number 4, pp. 605-619 (14 pages). Available at https://jphgr.ut.ac.ir/article_80329_e62a7221344cfc93671bbbd622fc4f2f.pdf
25. Farmer, B. (2013). Effective factors in resilience. Available at https://bobook.ir
26. Flemming, J., & Ledogar, R. J. (2008). Resilience, an evolving concept: A review of literature relevant to aboriginal research. Pimatisiwin, 6(2), 7-23(16pages). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20963185
27. Ghahramani, R., (2023), "Designing a cultural resilience management model for accidents and disasters in Iran", doctoral thesis, cultural management and planning, Tehran Azad University: Department of Science and Research
28. Ghasemi, A. et al., (2018), Urban Resilience: A Review of the Subject Literature, 9th International Conference on Sustainable Development and Urban Planning, Isfahan. Access: https://www.sid.ir/paper/899799/fa#downloadbottom
29. Gudarzi, A., (2019), Urban Resilience, accessible from https://parsishahr.ir
30. Hartwig, A, Clarke, S, Johnson, S and Wills. S.(2020) Workplace team resilience: A systematic review and conceptual development. Organizational Psychology Review10(3-4), 169-200 (31pages). Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2041386620919476
31. Hatami, H. et al., (2018), Comprehensive Book of Public Health, Volume 1, Arjmand Publications.
32. Heydari Far.M.R., Hosseini Siah Goli.M., Soleimani Rad. A., (2017), measuring the components of urban resilience in a case study: Kermanshah metropolis, Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 7th year - No. 2017, pp. 107-125 18 pages). Available at http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1623671345-10398-99-237.pdf
33. Hosni, Q (2017). An analysis of the challenges and vulnerability of cultural resilience in the local community (a case study of the local wetlands of Fereydon Kanar), Journal of Sociology of Social Institutions, No. 5(12), pp. 269-291 (22 pages) Available at: https://www.sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_pdf/4028913971210.pdf
34. Hossein Khani. Kh., Ghasemi.M., Hejazi.M., (2021), Compilation of an educational package based on the cognitive components of critical thinking, problem solving and metacognition and its effect on students' resilience, New Journal of Cognitive Sciences, 2023 , No. 2, pp. 47-58, (11 pages) available athttp://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1634963445-9489-90-4.pdf
35. Hosseinzadeh Delir, K. Mohammadian, M. Sardari, R. (2018), a review of the concept of urban resilience, specialized scientific quarterly of urban design studies and urban researches, second year, number 3 in a row. pp. 69-79 (10 pages). Available at https://ensani.ir/fa/article/download/405721
36. Ingalls, M.L., and Stedman, R.C. 2016. The power problematic: exploring the uncertain terrains of political ecology and the resilience framework. Ecol. Soc, 21: 1–11(11 pages). Available at: www.researchgate.net/publication/290392549_The_power_problematic_Exploring_the_uncertain_terrains_of_political_ecology_and_the_resilience_framework
37. Karimi Razkani, AR, Sheikhul-Islami; A.R., Prizadi, (2019). Analysis of urban resilience against hazards Nazri (case study: Baqershahr city), Urban Herizi Research and Program Quarterly, year 01, serial number 73, pp. 41-55 (14 pages). available in https://jupm.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_3538_dd713aecc6174c0df4a8dda329684115.pdf
38. Kausar, Z. Nedai, A. Seyed Naqvi, A. (2018), effective factors of organizational resilience, management research in Iran, volume 23, number 4, pp. 1-22, available athttp://ensani.ir/fa/article/download/417741
39. keshavarz, B. (2013). Effective factors in resilience. available at: https://bobook.ir
40. Khodamoradi, P. Madahi, M.A., Basharat, M.A. Mazaheri, M.M. (2021), an introduction to the conceptualization of cultural resilience, scientific quarterly of strategic studies of public policy, volume 11, number 38, pp. 277-297 (20 pages) https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_245352_270f3053095e542aea6a6cbfa26ef45c.pdf
41. Khodavardi.A.A., (2017), comparison of resilience, self-efficacy, hope and optimism in drug-dependent and normal people, social health and addiction, fifth year, wint 2017, number 20, pp. 63-78 (15 pages).Available: http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1552904855-9980-20-3.pdf
42. Khosravi.M.J., Astelaghi.A.L., Piri.S., Sabaghi.H.R., (2022), evaluation of the social resilience of the worn-out urban fabric of the 7th district of Tehran, Haft Hesar Environmental Studies, number 40, year 11. pp. 105-120 (15 pages). Available at http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1671603894-10412-40-7.pdf
43. Labaka, L., Comes, T., Hernantes, J., Sarriegi, J. M., & Gonzalez, J. J. (2014). Implementation methodology of the resilience framework. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on pp. 139-148 (9).pages. available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262173594_Implementation_Methodology_of_the_Resilience_Framework
44. Lechner, S., Jacometti, J., McBean, G., & Mitchison, N. (2016). Resilience in a complex world–Avoiding cross sector collapse. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 19, 84-91. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC101352
45. Ledesma, J. (2014). Conceptual Frameworks and Research Models on Resilience in Leadership. Published: Sage https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244014545464
46. Leon, J., & March, A. (2014). Urban morphology as a tool for supporting tsunami rapid resilience: A case study of Talcahuano, Chile. Habitat International, 43, 250-262.(12 pages).available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197397514000502
47. Maddi, S. R., & Khoshaba, D. M. (2005). Resilience at work: How to succeed no matter what life throws at you. North Brabant: AMACOM. https://books.google. com/books/about/Resilience at Work. html?id=M-3r1VO7rhW8C
48. Maguire, B., & Hagan, P. (2007). Disasters and communities: understanding social resilience. Australia Journal of Emergency Management, 22 (2), 16.p.p 16-20(5 pages).available at: https://search.informit.org/doi/pdf/10.3316/informit.839750155412061
49. Mashadhi.R., Arab.A., Janabadi.H., (2022), the effect of group positivity training on social competence and academic resilience of secondary school female students, Journal of Applied Psychology, year 16, number 1, pp. 113-134 (21 pages) ), access https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_101617_fb731b548992f63f8cafaeac2f0e7251.pdf
50. Masoudi, R., Azizabadi Farahani, F. Sephernia, R., Salehi Amiri, S.R. and Navabakhsh, M. (2023). The Iranian-Islamic cultural model based on the dimensions and components of the national identity of Iranians, the two-quarter scientific research journal of the Cultural Guard of the Islamic Revolution, Imam Hossein University of Officers and Guard Training, Tehran, Volume 14, Number 29, accessible from https://cgirj.ihuo.ac.ir/article_206176.html
51. McCubbin, L. D., &McCubbin, H. I. (2005). Culture and ethnic identity in family resilience: Dynamic processes in trauma and transformation of Indigenous people. In M. Ungar (Ed.), Handbook for working with children and youth (pp. 27-44). Ousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications(17pages). Available at: https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/hdbk_youth/n2.xm
52. Mirza Ali, M.; Nazari, A; Ong, M. (2017), measuring the physical dimensions of the resilience of rural communities in the face of floods, a case study: Gorganrood watershed, Physical Development Planning Scientific Research Quarterly, Volume 5, Number 3, pp. 111-133. (22 pages) Available at https://psp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_5262_bd14d868d7fd5e245e63ef768c66b2c0.pdf
53. Mohammadi, Z. and Shabiri, M. (2014), "An analysis of the components of promoting environmental culture of a case study: citizens of Shiraz", Iranian Cultural Research Quarterly, Volume 8, Number 4, Winter, pp. 197-215 (18 pages) http://www.jicr.ir/article_297_8397f956b1272f9e3deae425b51a81e1.pdf
54. Moghdisi, M.R. Yazidi, b. Shabani Moghadam, K. (2021). Modeling resilience in sports, Journal of Sports Psychology Studies, Volume 10, Number 38. pp. 252-233 (19 pages). Available at https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1652598122-9864-38-13.pdf
55. Mojdehi, M.R. (2012). "Comparison of self-efficacy beliefs of theoretical, professional and technical male students", master's thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University. Available at https://www.thesisword.ir
56. Mubaraki.M, Alwani.S, (2021). Sociological study of urban resilience (case study: Yazd city), biannual journal of contemporary sociological research, year 10, number 18, pp. 117-91 (16 pages) accessible from https://csr.basu.ac.ir/article_4275_c6807ecfd2444029c11765e87d8d5bcb.pdf
57. Naghi Lu.J., Satari Sarbangali.H., Pakdel Fard.M.R., Akbari Namdar.S., (2022), Investigation of the level of social-cultural and institutional-organizational resilience in the neighborhoods of Zanjan city, Scientific Journal of Geography and Planning , year, 26, number, 82, pp. 251-265, (14 pages). Access at https://geoplanning.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_14285_3aa5b9bf7a87966b905efeb61c72d5ca.pdf
58. Namjooyan.F., Razavian.M.T., Sarwar.R. (2016), Urban resilience is a binding framework for the future management of cities, Geographical Quarterly of the Land, Scientific-Research, 14th year, No. 5, pp. 81-95 (14 pages). Available athttp://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1649732699-10539-1400-414.pdf
59. Nasrania.F., Ashk Tarab.N., Sheikh Zainuddin.A., (2021), Determining the model of resilience of Iran's provinces, Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, Issue 38, pp. 202-222 (20 pages) available at https://geoeh.um.ac.ir/article_39997_9cb4702f41c5256bec1f08efc28da81c.pdf
60. Nazmfar, H. and Pashazadeh, A. (2017). Evaluation of urban resilience against natural hazards, case study: Ardabil city, Golestan University scientific-research quarterly journal, year 8, serial number 27, Spring, pp. 101-116 (15 pages) https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_65972_eefa19990174c585b5e0ff73b1e3229e.pdf
61. Nowrozi. Abbaspour, M., and Ahmadi, A. (2019), presenting a resilience assessment model in the comprehensive management of a resilient metropolis, Geography and Regional Planning Quarterly, Volume 10, Number 2, pp. 1029-1055 (26 pages) available at https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1645589408-10518-1400-108.pdf
62. O’Brien, K.; Sygna L., and Haugen, J. E. 2004. A Multi-Scale Assessment of Climate Impacts and Vulnerability in Norway. Climatic change, 64(1-2): 193-225(32pages). Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=2a4244fe7dd0b02bbe278aa4d847e4b54573dc37
63. Pajares, F., (2020). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research 66, 543–578(35 pages). available at:https:// journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/00346543066004543
64. Patterson, J. M. (2002). Understanding family resilience. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 233-246(13pages). Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jclp.10019
65. Pishnamaz zadeh M, Sepehri MM, Ostadi B. (2020).An Assessment Model for Hospital Resilience according to the Simultaneous Consideration of Key Performance Indicators: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/?via%3Dihub
66. 79.Plieninger, T., & Bieling, C. (2012). Resilience and the cultural landscape: understanding and managing change in human shaped environments. Cambridge University Press. available at: https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/20788/frontmatter/9781107020788_frontmatter.pdf
67. Rafiyan, M. Rezaei M.R., Asgari, A., Parhishkar, A., Shayan, S. (1390). Conceptual explanation of resilience and its indexing in community-based disaster management, pp. 19-41 (22 pages) accessible from https://www.sid.ir/paper/171828/fa#downloadbottom
68. Ramin Azad, M. Omidvar, b. Shabiri, M. and Parhishkar, M.M. (2021). Presenting the society's resilience model against environmental disasters with a meta-analysis approach, Scientific Quarterly of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, Year 10, Issue 2, pp. 169-177 (8 pages) Available at: http://ensani.ir/file/download /article/1655001551-10137-24-10.pdf
69. Ramzanzadeh Lesboui M, Badri A, Asgari A, Salmani M, Qadiri Masoom M. (2015). Resilience of the villages of tourism sample areas in flood-prone basins based on the multi-indicator decision-making method of a case study: the villages of Cheshme Kileh Tankabon and Sard Abroud Kalardasht. Tourism Planning and Development Journal.; 1(3) pp. 78-97 (19 pages). Available at https://www.sid.ir/paper/150344/fa
70. Ranjbar, Z; Shukri Firouzjah, P. and Janbaz Ghobadi, G.R. (2021). Measuring the resilience of coastal cities with emphasis on the role of tourism, a case study: Coastal cities in the west of Mazandaran province, Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Volume 21, Number 62, pp. 383-412. (29 pages). Available at: https://www.sid.ir/paper/962372/fa#downloadbottom.pdf
71. Rashidi, L. (2022), urban resilience against natural hazards, Conference: International and National Conference on Management, Accounting and Law Studies, (15 pages). Available from https://www.sid.ir/paper/1016059/fa
72. Russo C, Calo O, Harrison G, Mahoney K, Zavotsky KE (2018). Resilience and coping after hospital mergers. Clin nurse Spec. 2018;32(2):97–102(5pages). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29419582
73. Saadat.S., Kord.N., Jalali.M., (2018), the role of psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism) in students' motivation to progress, Roish Psychology Journal, November 8, 2018, No. 8, pp. 167- 174 (7 pages), available at: http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1581769057-9974-41-19.pdf
74. Saidi, A. and Darabi, H. (2013). Designing an academic landscape with a resilience approach in water crisis conditions (example Case: Malayer University). Environmental Journal. 40 (4.) 1051-1066 (15 pages). Available at https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_53019_183381c231ba92dc0577732b5451d346.pdf
75. Saidi, H. Zakarian, M. (2021). Assessment of factors affecting climate resilience in Zabul city. Urban future research quarterlyVolume 1, Number 3, pp: 146-130 (16 pages). Available at: https://uf.zahedan.iau.ir/article_690153_d041562a0de06fb2136710f850ff88e9.pdf
76. Sasanpour, F., Ahangari, N. and Hajinejad, S. (2016), Resilience assessment of the 12th district of Tehran metropolis in against natural hazards, spatial analysis of environmental hazards, volume 4, number 3, pp. 85-98 (13 pages). Available at https://www.sid.ir/fileserver/jf/4032913960306.pdf
77. Seeliger, L., and Turok, I. 2013. Towards sustainable cities: extending resilience with insights from vulnerability and transition theory. Sustain, 5: 2108–2128(20pages). https: //www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/5/2108 -v2.pdf
78. Shah Mohammadi.M, Khuzari.A, (2022). Presenting a strategic model for measuring national resilience. Strategic Scientific Quarterly, Volume 31, Number 2, pp. 219-252 (33 pages), available at https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_160380_a933e18c7fc105493cd8380eef1397b2.pdf
79. Shafiei Dastjardi, M., Lak. A., Ghafari. A., (1401), developing an urban form assessment model with a spatial resilience approach, Journal of Urban Geography Research, 10(2), pp. 1-27, accessible from https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_85949_862795404cc99efa4734a13bbda7239b.pdf
80. Shamsuddin, S. 2020. Resilience resistance: The challenges and implications of urban resilience implementation. Cities, 103: 1-8(8 pages) available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275119314210
81. Shokri Khobestani, M. Rezaei, M. and Shabiri, M. 2022), predicting the social resilience of citizens against natural disasters based on religious attitudes with the mediating role of corona anxiety, Research in Religion and Health, Volume 8, pp. 100-113 (13 pages), available at http://ensani.ir/file /download/article/1667364930-10552-v1401-9.pdf
82. Smith, C. & Ward, G. K. (2000). Indigenous cultures in an interconnected world. Vancouver: UBC Press. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003116097/indigenous-cultures-interconnected-world-graeme-ward-claire-smith
83. Strauss, S. & Reeser, D. (2013). Siting, scale, and social capital: Wind energy development in Wyoming. In S. Strauss, S. Rupp, and T. Love (Eds). Cultures of energy: power, practices, technologies (Pp. 110- 125). Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.(15pages) available at:
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315430850/cultures-energy-stephanie-rupp-thomas-love-sarah-strauss
84. Usamah, M., Handmer, J., Mitchell, D., & Ahmed,I. (2014). Can the vulnerable be resilient? Co-existence of vulnerability and disaster resilience: informal settlements in the Philippines. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 10, 178-189 (pages11). Available at: https://www.scirp.org/(S(lz5mqp453edsnp55rrgjct55.))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1787087
85. Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (2001). Journeys from childhood to midlife: Risk, resilience and recovery. New York: Cornell University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-18603000
86. Wilson, G. (2012). Community resilience and environmental transitions. Earthscan, London. Available at https://books.google.com/books?hl=fa&lr=&id=ALFBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT10&dq=Wilson,+G.+(2012).+Community+resilience+and+environmental+transitions.+Earthscan,+London&ots=i6uFjgPjX8&sig=T_4lZu05yTjNFrTCPGhBRZpF74#v=onepage&q=Wilson%2C%20G.%20(2012).%20Community%20resilience%20and%20environmental%20transitions.%20Earthscan%2C%20London&f=false
87. World Bank (2019) Action plan on climate change adaptation and resilience: Managing risks for a more resilient future. Washington, DC: World Bank Available at https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/1898515437727513580020022018/original/AdaptationandResilienceActionPlanKeyMessages.pdf
88. Wright, D., wernner, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2013). Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity. Handbook of Resilience in Children.available at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-42
89. Yazdi, H. (2016). Identifying the effective components in reducing the resilience of organizations in critical situations using the AHP model, a case study of the fire department of Amel city. Knowledge Journal of Crisis Prevention and Management, Volume 7, Number 4, pp. 319-307 (12 pages). Available at https://dpmk.ir/article-1-149-fa.html
90. Zhang, P., Zhang, L., Chang, Y., Xu, M., Hao, Y., Liang, S., Liu, G., Yang, Z., and Wang, C. 2019. Food-energy-water (FEW) nexus for urban sustainability: a comprehensive review. Resource. Conserve. Recycle, 142: 215–224. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203144916/community-resilience-environmental-transitions-geoff-wilson
91. https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/earthquake-turkiye-and-syria-another-reminder-why-disaster-and-climate-resilience(2023).
92. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/resilience(2023)
93. https://iclei.org/e-library/resilient-cities-thriving-cities-the-evolution-of-urban-resilience(2020)
94. https://www.psi.org/project/self-care/how-self-care-can-support-resilience-in-west-and-central-africa/(2023)
95. https://www.resiliency.ir
96. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344918304361?via%3Dihub
97. https://www.un-spider.org
98. https://www.undrr.org/terminology/disaster-management(2017)
99. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/eight-ways-asia-using-nature-adapt-climate-crisis(2023)
100. https://www.un-spider.org/sites/default/files/ISDR.pdf(2013)
101. https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/resilience-and-creativity-youths-contributions-to-the-post-pandemic/(2021)
102. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/11/17/the-adaptation-principles-6-ways-to-build-resilience-to-climate-change
1. Adams, H., Blackburn, S., Mantovani, N., (2021), Psychological resilience for climate change transformation: relational, differentiated and situated perspectives, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, Vol 50, PP 303–309. (6pages) available at:
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/278668/1-s2.0-S1877343520X00066/1-s2.0-S187734352100083X/main.pdf
2. Adger, W. N. (2000). Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in human geography, 24(3), 347-364(17pages). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540465
3. Alai Khuraim, R. Narimani, M. Alai Khuraim, S. (2011). Comparison of self-efficacy beliefs and progress motivation among students with and without learning disabilities, Journal of Learning Disabilities, Volume 1, Number 3, pp. 104-85 (19 pages). Available at: https://jld.uma.ac.ir/article_105_044fcc0c1f961e2d3dbc773ff3beb4a6.pdf
4. Amiri.M., Alfat.L., Faizi.K., Salehi Abarqaui.M.R. (2017), Designing a model for organizational resilience, Productivity Management, Year 11 - Number 44, pp. 35-65 (30 pages). Available at http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1610954301-10098-99-46.pdf
5. Ardalan, A. Rajaei, M. H. and Azin, A. (2012), Terminology of Disaster Risk Reduction, Ministry of Health, Medical Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education Publications, first edition. available in https://phc.umsu.ac.ir/uploads/ardalan_-_disaster_terminology.pdf
6. Azizabadi Farahani, F. and Masoudi, R. (2019), "Measuring Cultural Participation", Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit.
7. Azizi Abarghoei, M. (2008). The relationship between self-efficacy and the quality of learning experiences with academic burnout of master's students of Allameh Tabatabaei University in Tehran. Master's thesis. Available at https://elmnet.ir/article/10543958-95125
8. Azizpour, T, (2021), What is cultural resilience? Available at https://www.migna.ir/news/53865
9. Bagheri Maragheh, N., Motamedi, M. and Mafi, A. (2022), evaluating the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of an earthquake, Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Volume 22, Number 64, pp. 329-347 (18 pages). Available at https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1667800275-9495-64-17.pdf
10. Barjali, A. et al. (2017). The effectiveness of a life skills training program based on Islamic culture on the happiness and resilience of divorced women, two quarterly journals of cultural psychology, volume 2, number 2. pp. 1-21 (21 pages) accessible at https://jcp.samt.ac.ir/article_93198_201c12c375456b3f765140b61f12acf6.pdf
11. Bastaminia, A, R; Rezaei, M.R. and Sarai, M.H. (2016), explanation and analysis of the concept of resilience and its indicators and frameworks in natural resources, knowledge of prevention and crisis management, volume 6, number 1. pp. 32-46 (14 pages) available at: https://dpmk.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-47-1&sid=1&slc_lang=fa
12. Behzadfar.M., Omidar.B., Qalibaf.M., Ghasemi.R. (2017), Compilation of urban resilience index against earthquakes, Emdad and Vanjat magazine, 9th volume, 3 consecutive numbers, pp. 80-87, accessible from http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1664783509-10592-88-281.pdf
13. Bhara. R. Dani.S and Burnard.K (2011). Resilience: the concept. a literature review and future directions. International Journal of Production Research. 49(18)5375-5393(18pages). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563826
14. Botton, S., Van Heusden, M., Parsons, J. R., and Smidt, H. N. 2006. Strallen Van, Resilience of Microbial Systems towards Disturbances, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 32: 101– 112(12 pages). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16850561
15. Bujones, A.K., Jaskiewicz, K., Linakis, L., & Mcgirr, M., (2013), A Framework for Analyzing Resilience in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations. USAID, 1-16. Retrieved from: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAB059.pdf
16. Cambridge Dictionary, (2023) Available from https://dictionary.cambridge.org
17. https://climatepromise.undp.org/what-we-do/areas-of-work/adaptation-resilience
18. Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. [DOI:10.1002/da.10113] [PMID]
19. Croce, S., and Vettorato, D., (2021), Urban surface uses for climate resilient and sustainable cities: A catalogue of solutions, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol 75, PP 103-313(10Pages). Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670721005898
20. Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., et al. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 598-606(8 pages) [DOI:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013]
21. Dawai.M., Kashani Vahid.L., Ajarlo.A., (2021), The effectiveness of creative problem-solving training on emotional management and resilience of mothers of successful students, New Journal of Cognitive Sciences, 23rd year, No. 1, pp. 106- 115 (9 pages) available at https://icssjournal.ir/article-1-1104-en.pdf
22. Dosti. P., Hosseini N. N., (2019), construction and standardization of self-esteem measurement scale, Journal of New Developments in Behavioral Sciences, fifth period, number 48, pp. 19-27 (8 pages). Available from http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1610780157-10089-48-2.pdf
23. Ergun. A.L. P and Dewaele. J.M (2021). Do well-being and resilience predict the foreign language teaching enjoyment of teachers of Italian? System99.102506 Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350702662_Do_Wellbeing_and_Resilience_predict_the_Foreign_Language_Teaching_Enjoyment_of_teachers_of_Italian
24. . Faraji, A; Shamsipour, A. and Barzman, S. (2019), Sociological assessment and evaluation of the resilience of Varamin city against the risks caused by climate changes, Natural Geography Research, Volume 52, Number 4, pp. 605-619 (14 pages). Available at https://jphgr.ut.ac.ir/article_80329_e62a7221344cfc93671bbbd622fc4f2f.pdf
25. Farmer, B. (2013). Effective factors in resilience. Available at https://bobook.ir
26. Flemming, J., & Ledogar, R. J. (2008). Resilience, an evolving concept: A review of literature relevant to aboriginal research. Pimatisiwin, 6(2), 7-23(16pages). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20963185
27. Ghahramani, R., (2023), "Designing a cultural resilience management model for accidents and disasters in Iran", doctoral thesis, cultural management and planning, Tehran Azad University: Department of Science and Research
28. Ghasemi, A. et al., (2018), Urban Resilience: A Review of the Subject Literature, 9th International Conference on Sustainable Development and Urban Planning, Isfahan. Access: https://www.sid.ir/paper/899799/fa#downloadbottom
29. Gudarzi, A., (2019), Urban Resilience, accessible from https://parsishahr.ir
30. Hartwig, A, Clarke, S, Johnson, S and Wills. S.(2020) Workplace team resilience: A systematic review and conceptual development. Organizational Psychology Review10(3-4), 169-200 (31pages). Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2041386620919476
31. Hatami, H. et al., (2018), Comprehensive Book of Public Health, Volume 1, Arjmand Publications.
32. Heydari Far.M.R., Hosseini Siah Goli.M., Soleimani Rad. A., (2017), measuring the components of urban resilience in a case study: Kermanshah metropolis, Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 7th year - No. 2017, pp. 107-125 18 pages). Available at http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1623671345-10398-99-237.pdf
33. Hosni, Q (2017). An analysis of the challenges and vulnerability of cultural resilience in the local community (a case study of the local wetlands of Fereydon Kanar), Journal of Sociology of Social Institutions, No. 5(12), pp. 269-291 (22 pages) Available at: https://www.sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_pdf/4028913971210.pdf
34. Hossein Khani. Kh., Ghasemi.M., Hejazi.M., (2021), Compilation of an educational package based on the cognitive components of critical thinking, problem solving and metacognition and its effect on students' resilience, New Journal of Cognitive Sciences, 2023 , No. 2, pp. 47-58, (11 pages) available athttp://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1634963445-9489-90-4.pdf
35. Hosseinzadeh Delir, K. Mohammadian, M. Sardari, R. (2018), a review of the concept of urban resilience, specialized scientific quarterly of urban design studies and urban researches, second year, number 3 in a row. pp. 69-79 (10 pages). Available at https://ensani.ir/fa/article/download/405721
36. Ingalls, M.L., and Stedman, R.C. 2016. The power problematic: exploring the uncertain terrains of political ecology and the resilience framework. Ecol. Soc, 21: 1–11(11 pages). Available at: www.researchgate.net/publication/290392549_The_power_problematic_Exploring_the_uncertain_terrains_of_political_ecology_and_the_resilience_framework
37. Karimi Razkani, AR, Sheikhul-Islami; A.R., Prizadi, (2019). Analysis of urban resilience against hazards Nazri (case study: Baqershahr city), Urban Herizi Research and Program Quarterly, year 01, serial number 73, pp. 41-55 (14 pages). available in https://jupm.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_3538_dd713aecc6174c0df4a8dda329684115.pdf
38. Kausar, Z. Nedai, A. Seyed Naqvi, A. (2018), effective factors of organizational resilience, management research in Iran, volume 23, number 4, pp. 1-22, available athttp://ensani.ir/fa/article/download/417741
39. keshavarz, B. (2013). Effective factors in resilience. available at: https://bobook.ir
40. Khodamoradi, P. Madahi, M.A., Basharat, M.A. Mazaheri, M.M. (2021), an introduction to the conceptualization of cultural resilience, scientific quarterly of strategic studies of public policy, volume 11, number 38, pp. 277-297 (20 pages) https://sspp.iranjournals.ir/article_245352_270f3053095e542aea6a6cbfa26ef45c.pdf
41. Khodavardi.A.A., (2017), comparison of resilience, self-efficacy, hope and optimism in drug-dependent and normal people, social health and addiction, fifth year, wint 2017, number 20, pp. 63-78 (15 pages).Available: http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1552904855-9980-20-3.pdf
42. Khosravi.M.J., Astelaghi.A.L., Piri.S., Sabaghi.H.R., (2022), evaluation of the social resilience of the worn-out urban fabric of the 7th district of Tehran, Haft Hesar Environmental Studies, number 40, year 11. pp. 105-120 (15 pages). Available at http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1671603894-10412-40-7.pdf
43. Labaka, L., Comes, T., Hernantes, J., Sarriegi, J. M., & Gonzalez, J. J. (2014). Implementation methodology of the resilience framework. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on pp. 139-148 (9).pages. available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262173594_Implementation_Methodology_of_the_Resilience_Framework
44. Lechner, S., Jacometti, J., McBean, G., & Mitchison, N. (2016). Resilience in a complex world–Avoiding cross sector collapse. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 19, 84-91. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC101352
45. Ledesma, J. (2014). Conceptual Frameworks and Research Models on Resilience in Leadership. Published: Sage https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244014545464
46. Leon, J., & March, A. (2014). Urban morphology as a tool for supporting tsunami rapid resilience: A case study of Talcahuano, Chile. Habitat International, 43, 250-262.(12 pages).available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197397514000502
47. Maddi, S. R., & Khoshaba, D. M. (2005). Resilience at work: How to succeed no matter what life throws at you. North Brabant: AMACOM. https://books.google. com/books/about/Resilience at Work. html?id=M-3r1VO7rhW8C
48. Maguire, B., & Hagan, P. (2007). Disasters and communities: understanding social resilience. Australia Journal of Emergency Management, 22 (2), 16.p.p 16-20(5 pages).available at: https://search.informit.org/doi/pdf/10.3316/informit.839750155412061
49. Mashadhi.R., Arab.A., Janabadi.H., (2022), the effect of group positivity training on social competence and academic resilience of secondary school female students, Journal of Applied Psychology, year 16, number 1, pp. 113-134 (21 pages) ), access https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_101617_fb731b548992f63f8cafaeac2f0e7251.pdf
50. Masoudi, R., Azizabadi Farahani, F. Sephernia, R., Salehi Amiri, S.R. and Navabakhsh, M. (2023). The Iranian-Islamic cultural model based on the dimensions and components of the national identity of Iranians, the two-quarter scientific research journal of the Cultural Guard of the Islamic Revolution, Imam Hossein University of Officers and Guard Training, Tehran, Volume 14, Number 29, accessible from https://cgirj.ihuo.ac.ir/article_206176.html
51. McCubbin, L. D., &McCubbin, H. I. (2005). Culture and ethnic identity in family resilience: Dynamic processes in trauma and transformation of Indigenous people. In M. Ungar (Ed.), Handbook for working with children and youth (pp. 27-44). Ousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications(17pages). Available at: https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/hdbk_youth/n2.xm
52. Mirza Ali, M.; Nazari, A; Ong, M. (2017), measuring the physical dimensions of the resilience of rural communities in the face of floods, a case study: Gorganrood watershed, Physical Development Planning Scientific Research Quarterly, Volume 5, Number 3, pp. 111-133. (22 pages) Available at https://psp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_5262_bd14d868d7fd5e245e63ef768c66b2c0.pdf
53. Mohammadi, Z. and Shabiri, M. (2014), "An analysis of the components of promoting environmental culture of a case study: citizens of Shiraz", Iranian Cultural Research Quarterly, Volume 8, Number 4, Winter, pp. 197-215 (18 pages) http://www.jicr.ir/article_297_8397f956b1272f9e3deae425b51a81e1.pdf
54. Moghdisi, M.R. Yazidi, b. Shabani Moghadam, K. (2021). Modeling resilience in sports, Journal of Sports Psychology Studies, Volume 10, Number 38. pp. 252-233 (19 pages). Available at https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1652598122-9864-38-13.pdf
55. Mojdehi, M.R. (2012). "Comparison of self-efficacy beliefs of theoretical, professional and technical male students", master's thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University. Available at https://www.thesisword.ir
56. Mubaraki.M, Alwani.S, (2021). Sociological study of urban resilience (case study: Yazd city), biannual journal of contemporary sociological research, year 10, number 18, pp. 117-91 (16 pages) accessible from https://csr.basu.ac.ir/article_4275_c6807ecfd2444029c11765e87d8d5bcb.pdf
57. Naghi Lu.J., Satari Sarbangali.H., Pakdel Fard.M.R., Akbari Namdar.S., (2022), Investigation of the level of social-cultural and institutional-organizational resilience in the neighborhoods of Zanjan city, Scientific Journal of Geography and Planning , year, 26, number, 82, pp. 251-265, (14 pages). Access at https://geoplanning.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_14285_3aa5b9bf7a87966b905efeb61c72d5ca.pdf
58. Namjooyan.F., Razavian.M.T., Sarwar.R. (2016), Urban resilience is a binding framework for the future management of cities, Geographical Quarterly of the Land, Scientific-Research, 14th year, No. 5, pp. 81-95 (14 pages). Available athttp://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1649732699-10539-1400-414.pdf
59. Nasrania.F., Ashk Tarab.N., Sheikh Zainuddin.A., (2021), Determining the model of resilience of Iran's provinces, Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, Issue 38, pp. 202-222 (20 pages) available at https://geoeh.um.ac.ir/article_39997_9cb4702f41c5256bec1f08efc28da81c.pdf
60. Nazmfar, H. and Pashazadeh, A. (2017). Evaluation of urban resilience against natural hazards, case study: Ardabil city, Golestan University scientific-research quarterly journal, year 8, serial number 27, Spring, pp. 101-116 (15 pages) https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_65972_eefa19990174c585b5e0ff73b1e3229e.pdf
61. Nowrozi. Abbaspour, M., and Ahmadi, A. (2019), presenting a resilience assessment model in the comprehensive management of a resilient metropolis, Geography and Regional Planning Quarterly, Volume 10, Number 2, pp. 1029-1055 (26 pages) available at https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1645589408-10518-1400-108.pdf
62. O’Brien, K.; Sygna L., and Haugen, J. E. 2004. A Multi-Scale Assessment of Climate Impacts and Vulnerability in Norway. Climatic change, 64(1-2): 193-225(32pages). Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=2a4244fe7dd0b02bbe278aa4d847e4b54573dc37
63. Pajares, F., (2020). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research 66, 543–578(35 pages). available at:https:// journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/00346543066004543
64. Patterson, J. M. (2002). Understanding family resilience. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 233-246(13pages). Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jclp.10019
65. Pishnamaz zadeh M, Sepehri MM, Ostadi B. (2020).An Assessment Model for Hospital Resilience according to the Simultaneous Consideration of Key Performance Indicators: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/?via%3Dihub
66. 79.Plieninger, T., & Bieling, C. (2012). Resilience and the cultural landscape: understanding and managing change in human shaped environments. Cambridge University Press. available at: https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/20788/frontmatter/9781107020788_frontmatter.pdf
67. Rafiyan, M. Rezaei M.R., Asgari, A., Parhishkar, A., Shayan, S. (1390). Conceptual explanation of resilience and its indexing in community-based disaster management, pp. 19-41 (22 pages) accessible from https://www.sid.ir/paper/171828/fa#downloadbottom
68. Ramin Azad, M. Omidvar, b. Shabiri, M. and Parhishkar, M.M. (2021). Presenting the society's resilience model against environmental disasters with a meta-analysis approach, Scientific Quarterly of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, Year 10, Issue 2, pp. 169-177 (8 pages) Available at: http://ensani.ir/file/download /article/1655001551-10137-24-10.pdf
69. Ramzanzadeh Lesboui M, Badri A, Asgari A, Salmani M, Qadiri Masoom M. (2015). Resilience of the villages of tourism sample areas in flood-prone basins based on the multi-indicator decision-making method of a case study: the villages of Cheshme Kileh Tankabon and Sard Abroud Kalardasht. Tourism Planning and Development Journal.; 1(3) pp. 78-97 (19 pages). Available at https://www.sid.ir/paper/150344/fa
70. Ranjbar, Z; Shukri Firouzjah, P. and Janbaz Ghobadi, G.R. (2021). Measuring the resilience of coastal cities with emphasis on the role of tourism, a case study: Coastal cities in the west of Mazandaran province, Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Volume 21, Number 62, pp. 383-412. (29 pages). Available at: https://www.sid.ir/paper/962372/fa#downloadbottom.pdf
71. Rashidi, L. (2022), urban resilience against natural hazards, Conference: International and National Conference on Management, Accounting and Law Studies, (15 pages). Available from https://www.sid.ir/paper/1016059/fa
72. Russo C, Calo O, Harrison G, Mahoney K, Zavotsky KE (2018). Resilience and coping after hospital mergers. Clin nurse Spec. 2018;32(2):97–102(5pages). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29419582
73. Saadat.S., Kord.N., Jalali.M., (2018), the role of psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism) in students' motivation to progress, Roish Psychology Journal, November 8, 2018, No. 8, pp. 167- 174 (7 pages), available at: http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1581769057-9974-41-19.pdf
74. Saidi, A. and Darabi, H. (2013). Designing an academic landscape with a resilience approach in water crisis conditions (example Case: Malayer University). Environmental Journal. 40 (4.) 1051-1066 (15 pages). Available at https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_53019_183381c231ba92dc0577732b5451d346.pdf
75. Saidi, H. Zakarian, M. (2021). Assessment of factors affecting climate resilience in Zabul city. Urban future research quarterlyVolume 1, Number 3, pp: 146-130 (16 pages). Available at: https://uf.zahedan.iau.ir/article_690153_d041562a0de06fb2136710f850ff88e9.pdf
76. Sasanpour, F., Ahangari, N. and Hajinejad, S. (2016), Resilience assessment of the 12th district of Tehran metropolis in against natural hazards, spatial analysis of environmental hazards, volume 4, number 3, pp. 85-98 (13 pages). Available at https://www.sid.ir/fileserver/jf/4032913960306.pdf
77. Seeliger, L., and Turok, I. 2013. Towards sustainable cities: extending resilience with insights from vulnerability and transition theory. Sustain, 5: 2108–2128(20pages). https: //www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/5/2108 -v2.pdf
78. Shah Mohammadi.M, Khuzari.A, (2022). Presenting a strategic model for measuring national resilience. Strategic Scientific Quarterly, Volume 31, Number 2, pp. 219-252 (33 pages), available at https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_160380_a933e18c7fc105493cd8380eef1397b2.pdf
79. Shafiei Dastjardi, M., Lak. A., Ghafari. A., (1401), developing an urban form assessment model with a spatial resilience approach, Journal of Urban Geography Research, 10(2), pp. 1-27, accessible from https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_85949_862795404cc99efa4734a13bbda7239b.pdf
80. Shamsuddin, S. 2020. Resilience resistance: The challenges and implications of urban resilience implementation. Cities, 103: 1-8(8 pages) available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275119314210
81. Shokri Khobestani, M. Rezaei, M. and Shabiri, M. 2022), predicting the social resilience of citizens against natural disasters based on religious attitudes with the mediating role of corona anxiety, Research in Religion and Health, Volume 8, pp. 100-113 (13 pages), available at http://ensani.ir/file /download/article/1667364930-10552-v1401-9.pdf
82. Smith, C. & Ward, G. K. (2000). Indigenous cultures in an interconnected world. Vancouver: UBC Press. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003116097/indigenous-cultures-interconnected-world-graeme-ward-claire-smith
83. Strauss, S. & Reeser, D. (2013). Siting, scale, and social capital: Wind energy development in Wyoming. In S. Strauss, S. Rupp, and T. Love (Eds). Cultures of energy: power, practices, technologies (Pp. 110- 125). Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.(15pages) available at:
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315430850/cultures-energy-stephanie-rupp-thomas-love-sarah-strauss
84. Usamah, M., Handmer, J., Mitchell, D., & Ahmed,I. (2014). Can the vulnerable be resilient? Co-existence of vulnerability and disaster resilience: informal settlements in the Philippines. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 10, 178-189 (pages11). Available at: https://www.scirp.org/(S(lz5mqp453edsnp55rrgjct55.))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1787087
85. Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (2001). Journeys from childhood to midlife: Risk, resilience and recovery. New York: Cornell University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-18603000
86. Wilson, G. (2012). Community resilience and environmental transitions. Earthscan, London. Available at https://books.google.com/books?hl=fa&lr=&id=ALFBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT10&dq=Wilson,+G.+(2012).+Community+resilience+and+environmental+transitions.+Earthscan,+London&ots=i6uFjgPjX8&sig=T_4lZu05yTjNFrTCPGhBRZpF74#v=onepage&q=Wilson%2C%20G.%20(2012).%20Community%20resilience%20and%20environmental%20transitions.%20Earthscan%2C%20London&f=false
87. World Bank (2019) Action plan on climate change adaptation and resilience: Managing risks for a more resilient future. Washington, DC: World Bank Available at https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/1898515437727513580020022018/original/AdaptationandResilienceActionPlanKeyMessages.pdf
88. Wright, D., wernner, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2013). Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity. Handbook of Resilience in Children.available at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-42
89. Yazdi, H. (2016). Identifying the effective components in reducing the resilience of organizations in critical situations using the AHP model, a case study of the fire department of Amel city. Knowledge Journal of Crisis Prevention and Management, Volume 7, Number 4, pp. 319-307 (12 pages). Available at https://dpmk.ir/article-1-149-fa.html
90. Zhang, P., Zhang, L., Chang, Y., Xu, M., Hao, Y., Liang, S., Liu, G., Yang, Z., and Wang, C. 2019. Food-energy-water (FEW) nexus for urban sustainability: a comprehensive review. Resource. Conserve. Recycle, 142: 215–224. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203144916/community-resilience-environmental-transitions-geoff-wilson
91. https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/earthquake-turkiye-and-syria-another-reminder-why-disaster-and-climate-resilience(2023).
92. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/resilience(2023)
93. https://iclei.org/e-library/resilient-cities-thriving-cities-the-evolution-of-urban-resilience(2020)
94. https://www.psi.org/project/self-care/how-self-care-can-support-resilience-in-west-and-central-africa/(2023)
95. https://www.resiliency.ir
96. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344918304361?via%3Dihub
97. https://www.un-spider.org
98. https://www.undrr.org/terminology/disaster-management(2017)
99. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/eight-ways-asia-using-nature-adapt-climate-crisis(2023)
100. https://www.un-spider.org/sites/default/files/ISDR.pdf(2013)
101. https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/resilience-and-creativity-youths-contributions-to-the-post-pandemic/(2021)
102. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/11/17/the-adaptation-principles-6-ways-to-build-resilience-to-climate-change
