بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی دانه سویا در شرایط تنش رطوبتی با استفاده از میکوریزا و کود روی
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیپویا سهرابی نور 1 , محمدعلي ابوطالبيان 2 , جواد حمزه ئی 3
1 - دانشجوي سابق کارشناسي ارشد اکولوژي گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، همدان، ایران
2 - دانشيار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، همدان، ایران
3 - دانشيار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، همدان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تعداد غلاف در بوته, درصد روغن, درصد پروتئین, عملکرد دانه, غلظت روی,
ملخص المقالة :
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا و شیوه مصرف کود سولفات روی بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات زراعی دانه سویا آزمایشی در شرایط تنش رطوبتی انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش عبارت بودند از تنش رطوبتی در سه سطح آبیاری پس از 60 ،۹۰ و ۱۲۰ میلیمتر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر کلاس A، شیوه مصرف کود سولفات روی با سه روش محلول‌پاشی، مصرف خاکی و عدم مصرف کود، قارچ میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae) در دو سطح کاربرد و عدم کاربرد بود. نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی در همه ترکیبات تیماری به جز تنش شدید رطوبت و شرایط عدم کاربرد میکوریزا به¬طور معنیداری نسبت به مصرف خاکی آن منجر به افزایش تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و غلظت روی دانه شد. کاربرد میکوریزا سبب افزایش 19/5 درصدی تعداد دانه در غلاف، 17 درصدی شاخص برداشت و 5/1 درصدی روغن دانه شد. در شرایط عدم کاربرد میکوریزا بین مصرف و عدم مصرف خاکی سولفات روی تفاوت از نظر عملکرد دانه وجود نداشت. در پژوهش حاضر تنش ملایم رطوبت در مقایسه شرایط عدم تنش، سبب افزایش درصد پروتئین دانه شد و بالاترین میزان آن (41%) تحت شرایط تنش متوسط رطوبت و کاربرد میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی به¬دست آمد. بیشترین غلظت روی دانه (33/8 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) نیز از تیمار عدم تنش رطوبت تحت شرایط کاربرد میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی حادث شد. به‌طورکلی می‌توان عملکرد، درصدهای روغن و پروتئین و مقدار روی دانه سویا را با کاربرد همزمان میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی بهویژه تحت شرایط تنش رطوبت بهبود بخشید.
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