اثر کاربرد کود دامی بر تحمل ارقام ذرت دانه‌ای به تنش خشکی در شرایط اقلیمی ایرانشهر
الموضوعات : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعیامیر بهزادی اصل 1 , سید مهدی جوادزاده 2
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد ایرانشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایرانشهر، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد ایرانشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایرانشهر، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تنش آبی, تحمل به تنش, سینگل کراس, ماکسیما,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی واکنش ذرت دانه‌ای تحت تنش خشکی به کاربرد کودهای دامی آزمایشی در قالب طرح کرت‌های دوباره خردشده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در منطقه ایرانشهر اجرا شد. تنش خشکی شامل قطع آبیاری در دو مرحله گلدهی و دوره پرشدن دانه اعمال شد. در این آزمایش چهار رقم ذرت دانه ای شامل SC704، SC540، SC647 و ماکسیما و کود دامی شامل کود گوسفندی و مرغی به ترتیب به میزان 10 و 5 تن در هکتار استفاده شد. ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در ردیف، قطر بلال، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه در زمان برداشت فیزیولوژیک گیاه اندازه‌گیری شدند. همچنین، شاخص‌های تحمل شامل شاخص حساسیت به تنش، شاخص تحمل، شاخص تحمل به تنش، میانگین هندسی بهره وری و شاخص میانگین بهره وری محاسبه شدند. قطع آبیاری به ویژه در مرحله گلدهی بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی در هر چهار رقم تأثیر کاهنده معنی‌داری داشت. هیبرید 704 بیشترین تحمل به خشکی را در شرایط آب و هوایی ایرانشهر از خود نشان داد. مصرف کود مرغی در تنش خشکی در مرحله گلدهی نسبت به کود گوسفندی موجب افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت رقم 704 شد. شاخص حساسیت به تنش، شاخص تحمل، شاخص تحمل به تنش، میانگین هندسی بهره وری و شاخص میانگین بهره وری رقم 704 را به عنوان رقم متحمل به تنش معرفی نمودند. بنابراین، استفاده از کود مرغی برای دستیابی به عملکرد مطلوب در ذرت رقم 704 در شرایط تنش خشکی توصیه می‌شود.
المصادر:
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Abdmishani C, Shahnejat Bushehri AA (1991) Advanced Plant Breeding. University of Tehran Press: Tehran [in Persian]
Adeleye EO, Ayeni LS, Ojeniyi SO (2010) Effect of poultry manure on soil physico-chemical properties, leaf nutrient contents and yield of yam (Dioscorea rotundata) on alfisol in southwestern Nigeria. Journal of American Science 6: 956-959.
Agul D, Dlagi F (2002) Water use efficincy in corn (Zea mays L.) with organic matter. Field crops Research 43: 171-176.
Ahmadi K, Gholoxadeh H, Abaszadeh H, Hosseionpour R, Hatami F, Fazli B, Kazemiyan A, Rafiye M (2014) Agriculture Statistics. Ministry of Agriculture Press: Tehran 169. [in Persian]
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Alizadeh A, Majidi A, Nadian H, Noormohammadi GH, Ameriyan M (2007) Effect of drought stress and different nitrogen levels on Phonology and growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences of Iran 4(5)116: 128. [in Persian]
Ayub M, Ather Nadeem M, Tanveer A, Husnain A (2002) Effect of different levels of nitrogen and harvesting times on the growth yield and quality of sorghum. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1(4): 304-307.
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Bassetti P, Westgate ME (1993) Water deficit affects receptivity of maize silks. Crop Science 33: 278-182.
Behnamfar K (1997) Study of the effect of potassium fertilizer on creating resistance to drought stress and water use efficiency in corn (Zea mays L.) Khuzestan weather conditions. Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch: Ahvaz, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
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Cakir R (2004) Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research 89: 1-16.
Chaghzardi HH, Mohammadi Gh, Heavenly Al-Aqa P (2015) Evaluation of sulfur and fertilizer effects on growth characteristics of single crum 704 crop and soil acidity. Iranian Journal of Crop Research 11(1):170-162. [in Persian with English abstract]
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Debaeke P, Aboudrare A (2004) Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environment. European Journal of Agronomy 21: 433-446.
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Ghadiri H, Majidian M (2009) Effect of nitrogen levels and irrigated irrigations in milk stages and dough formation on yield, yield components and efficiency of water use in maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology of Natural Resources 2: 113-103.
Ghosh PK, Mandal KJ, Hati K, Ajay M (2004) Comprative effectivence of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer NPK on three cropping system in vertisols of semi-arid tropics, dry matter yield, nodulation, chlophyll content and enzyme activity. Bioresource Technology 95: 85-93.
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Golbashy M, Ebrahimi M, Khavari Khorasani S, Choucan R (2010) Evaluation of drought tolerance of some corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids in Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5(19): 2714-2719.
Gooding, MJ, Ellis RH, Shewry P, Schofield J (2003) Effects of restricted water availability and increased temperature on the grain filling, drying and qualityof winter wheat. Journal of Cereal Science 37: 295-309.
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Khalili M, Kazemi E, Front M, Sustainable M (2010) Evaluation of drought resistance indices in different growth stages of late corn cultivars. Proceedings of the 8th Congress of Crop Sciences. Rasht, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
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Lupway NZ, Girma M, Haque I (2000) Plant nutrient content of cattle manure from small-scale farms and experimental stations in the Ethiopian highlands. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 78: 57-63.
Majddam M (2006) Effects of water deficit and nitrogen management on agrophysiological characteristics and yield of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid SC 704 in climatic conditions in Khuzestan. PhD Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch: Khuzestan, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
Majidian M, Ghalavand A, Kamgar Haghighi AA, Karimian N (2012) Effect of drought stress, nitrogen and organic fertilizer on chlorophyll meter reading, grain yield and yield components of kernel corn SC704. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 10(3):303-330. [in Persian with English abstract]
Mohammad Khani N, Heydari R (2006) Effect of drought stress on protective enzyme activity and peroxidation of lipids in two corn cultivars. Journal of Biosciences 10 (22): 4022-8.
Mujtaba SM, Alam Nia SM (2002) Drought phenomenon and crop growth, Pakistsn leading magazine for the last 25 years, Pakistan and gulf economist. Agronomy Journal 84: 107-113.
Naderi Darbagshahi MR, Noormohamadi GH, Majidi A, Darvish F, Shirani Rad AH, Madani H (2004) Effect of drought stress and plant density on the characteristics in line planting safflower in Isfahan. Seed and Plant Production Journal 20: 296-281. [in Persian with English abstract]
Nagaz K, Toumi I, Masmoudi M, Mechlia N (2008) Soil salinity and barley production under full and deficit irrigation with saline water in arid condition of southern Tunisia. Reasearch Journal of Agronomy 2:90-95.
Nesmith DS, Ritchie JT (2010) Short and longterm responses of corn (Zea mays L.) to a preanthesis soil water deficit. Agronomy Journal 84: 107-113.
Omidian A, Sayyidat SA, Naseri R, Moradi M (2012) Effect of zinc sulfate on the yield, oil content and protein content of four canola cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences of Iran 14 (1): 28-16. [in Persian with English abstract]
Parvizi Y, Nabati E (2004) Effect of manure application and irrigation interval on yield indices and water use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 63: 21-29. [in Persian with English abstract]
Pessarakli MM, Morgan PV, Gilbert J (2005) Dry matter yield, protein synthesis, starch, and fiber content of barley and wheat plants under two irrigation regimes. Journal of Plant Nutrition 28: 1227-1241.
Poorter H (1989) Interspecific variation in relative growth rate: On ecological causes and physio-logical consequences. In: Lambers H, Cambridge ML, Konings H, Pons TL (eds). Causes and consequences of variation in growth rate and productivity of higher plants, SPB Academic Publishing: Netherland.
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