Effects of Slaughter Weight on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Fatty Acid Composition of Afshari Male Lambs
الموضوعات :
N. Papi
1
(Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran)
M. Zahedifar
2
(Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Afshari breed, backfat thickness, carcass cuts, longissimus thoracic muscle, slaughter age,
ملخص المقالة :
This study aimed to investigate the difference in growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs slaughtered at 56, 84, 112, and 140 days of age. Thirty-two male fat-tailed Afshari lambs, with an initial body live weight of 30.2 ± 3.6 (SD) kg and an average age of 90 ± 15 (SD) days, were used in this study. The lambs were equally and randomly distributed in 4 groups. The experiment was conducted in four peri-ods, including 56, 84, 112, and 140 days, and the nutrient requirements of lambs in each period were deter-mined using NRC 2007. At the end of each period, four lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered, and longissimus thoracic muscle (LT) sampled. The results showed that by increasing the weight of slaughter, dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) (i.e., kg DM/kg gain), and empty body weight in-creased, but empty digestive tract decreased linearly. The side carcass cuts (neck, shoulder, brisket-flank, rack-loin, and leg) were unaffected by slaughter weight. By increasing the slaughter weight, backfat thick-ness, LT area increased, and the percentage of dressing, tail fat, and internal fat also increased linearly. As the slaughter weight increased, the ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) decreased in LT fat, but that ratio increased in LT muscle linearly.
Agricultural Statistics. (2022). Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Information and Communication Technology Center, Deputy of Statistics, Republic Islamic of Iran.
Alemzadeh B., Kardooni A. and Noroozi S. (2007). Determining the suitable age and season of fattening in lambs of Khuzestan. Anim. Sci. J. (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 77, 105-112.
AOAC. (2002). Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Ed. Associa-tion of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Washington, DC., USA.
Barber M.C., Ward R.J., Richards S.E., Salter A.M., Buttery P.J., Vernon R.G. and Travers M.T. (2000). Ovine adipose tissue monounsaturated fat content is correlated to depot-specific ex-pression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 62-68.
Beriain M.J., Horcada A., Purroy A., Lizaso G., Chasco J. and Mendizabal J.A. (2000). Characteristics of Lacha and Rasa Aragonesa lambs slaughtered at three live weights. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 3070-3077.
Black J.L. (1983). Growth and development of lambs. Pp. 21-58 in Sheep Production. W. Haresign, Ed., Butterworths, London, United Kingdom.
Casey N.H., Van Niekerk W.A. and Spreeth E.B. (1988). Fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat of sheep grazed on eight different pastures. Meat Sci. 23, 55-63.
Chikwanha O.C., Vahmani P., Muchenje V., Dugan M.E.R. and Mapiye C. (2018). Nutritional enhancement of sheep meat fatty acid profile for human health and wellbeing. Food Res. Int. 104, 25-38.
Cifuni G.F., Napolitano F., Pacelli C., Riviezzi A.M. and Girolami A. (2000). Effect of age at slaughter on carcass traits, fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation of Apulian lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 35, 65-70.
Dadpasand M. and Izadifard J. (2009). Effect of the length of the fattening period and season on the fattening performance of Qizl and Mehrabani lambs. Iranian J. Anim. Sci. 40(3), 65-71.
De Smet S., Raes K. and Demeyer D. (2004). Meat fatty acid composition as affected by fatness and genetics: A review. Anim. Res. 53, 81-98.
Diaz M.T., Velasco S., Caneque V., Lauzurica S., Ruiz de Huido-bro F., Perez C., Gozalez J. and Manzanares C. (2002). Use of concentrate or pasture for fattening lambs and its effect on carcass and meat quality. Small Rumin. Res. 43, 257-268.
Diaz M.T., Velasco S., Perez S., Lauzurica S., Huidobro F. and Caneque V. (2003). Physico-chemical characteristics of car-cass and meat Manchego-breed suckling lambs slaughtered at different weights. Meat Sci. 65, 1085-1093.
Ebrahimi S.H., Varasteh F. and Javadmanesh A. (2020). Perform-ance description of Afshari sheep with focus on growth and daily gain potential in male lambs: A meta-analysis. Appl. Anim. Sci. Res. J. 35, 33-48.
Farid A., Edriss M.A., Izadifard J. and Makarechian M. (1979). Meat from culled old ewes or fat-tailed Iranian breeds. 1. Feedlot performance and some carcass traits. Iranian J. Agric. Res. 7, 11-23.
Folch J., Lees M. and Stanley G.H.S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tis-sues. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497-509.
Fourie P.D., Kirton A.H. and Jury K.E. (1970). Growth and de-velopment of sheep. II. Effect of breed and sex on the growth and carcass composition of the Southdown and Romney and their cross. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 13, 753-770.
Gholami H., Fazaeli H., Mirhadi S.A., Reza Yazdi K., Rezaei M., Zahedifar M., Gerami A., Teimournejad N. and Babaei M. (2017). Tables of nutrient composition of Iranian animal feeds. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. Aniaml Science Research Insti-tute of Iran.
Godfray H.C.J., Beddington J.R., Crute I.R., Haddad L., Lawrence D., Muir J.F., Pretty J., Robinson S., Thomas S.M. and Toul-min C. (2010). Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 bil-lion people. Science. 327, 812-818.
Haddad S.G. and Nasr R.E. (2007). Partial replacement of barley grain for corn grain: Associative effects on lambs’ growth per-formance. Small Rumin. Res. 72, 92-95.
Hegarty R.S., Warner R.D. and Pethick D.W. (2006). Genetic and nutritional regulation of lamb growth and muscle characteris-tics. Australian J. Agric. Res. 57, 721-730.
Hopkins D.L., Stanley D.F., Martin L.C., Ponnampalam E.N. and van de Ven R. (2007). Sire and growth path effects on sheep meat production. 1. Growth and carcass characteristics. Aus-tralian J. Exp. Agric. 47, 1208-1218.
Jackson H. and Winkler V.W. (1970). Effects of starvation on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and plasma lipids of sheep. J. Nutr. 100, 201-207.
Jones S.D.M. (1982). The accumulation and distribution of fat in ewe and ram lambs. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 62, 381-386.
Karami M., Alimon A.R., Sazili A.Q., Goh Y.M. and Ivan M. (2011). Effects of dietary antioxidants on the quality, fatty acid profile, and lipid oxidation of longissimus muscle in Kacang goat with aging time. Meat Sci. 88(1), 102-108.
Karami M., Ponnampalam E.N. and Hopkins D.L. (2013). The effects of palm oil or canola oil feedlot performance, plasma and tissue acid fatty acid profile, and meat quality in goats. Meat Sci. 94, 164-169.
Kempster A.J. and Cuthbertson A. (1977). A survey of the carcass characteristics of the main types of British lamb. Anim. Prod. 25, 165-179.
Kirton A.H., Bennett G.L., Dobbie J.L., Mercer G.J.K. and Duganzich D.M. (1995). Effect of sire breed (Southdown, Suffolk), sex, and growth path on carcass composition of crossbred lambs. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 38, 105-114.
Mashele G.A., Parker M.E. and Schreurs N.M. (2017). Effect of slaughter age between 5 to 14 months of age on the quality of sheep meat. N. Z. Soc. Anim. Prod. 77, 177-180.
Miguel E., Onega E., Caneque V., Velasco S., Diaz M.T., Lauzu-rica S., Perez C., Blazquez B. and Ruiz de Huidobro F. (2003). Carcass classification in suckling lambs. Discrimination abil-ity of the European Union scale. Meat Sci. 1, 107-117.
Mousavi S.S., Amanlou H., Nikkhah A., Mostafa Tehrani A., Mirzaei Alamouti H.R., Nemati M.H., Naseri B. and Hosseini M. (2019). Economic comparison of conventional fattening method with creep feeding in Afshari male lambs. Anim. Sci. Res. J. 29(1), 137-151.
Mousavi S.S., Monem M., Amanlou H., Abbasi M.A. and Mohammadi Nejad H. (2011). Effect of Feedlot Length on the Carcass Traits of Afshari Male Lambs. Animal Science Re-search Institute, Karaj, Iran.
Norollahi H. (2007). Effect of fattening period on growth and carcass characteristics of male Turkey-Ghashghaii lambs. Anim. Sci. J. (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 75, 132-137.
NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Nurnberg K., Ender B., Papstein H.J., Wegner J., Ender K. and Nurnberg G. (1999). Effects of growth and breed on the fatty acid composition of muscle lipids in cattle. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 208, 332-335.
Papi N. (2008). Economic evaluation of lamb fattening with dif-ferent levels of concentrate. MS Thesis. Zanjan Univ., Zanjan, Iran.
Papi N., Mostafa-Tehrani A., Amanlou H. and Memarian H. (2011). Effects of dietary forage-to- concentrate ration on per-formance and characteristics of growing fat-tailed lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 163, 93-98.
Perez P., Maino M., Tomic G., Mardones E. and Pokniak J. (2002). Carcass characteristics and meat quality of Suffolk Down suckling lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 44, 233-240.
Prache S., Schreurs N. and Guillier L. (2022). Factors affecting sheep carcass and meat quality attributes: A review. Animal. 16, 1-11.
Purchas R.W., Silva Sobrinho A.G., Garrick D.J. and Lowe K.I. (2002). Effects of age at slaughter and sire genotype on fat-ness, muscularity, and the quality of meat from ram lambs born to Romney ewes. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 45, 77-86.
Santos Silva J. and Vaz Portugal A. (2001). The effect of weight on carcass, and meat quality of Sera da Estrela and Merino Branco lambs fattened with dehydrated Lucerne. Anim. Res. 50, 289-298.
Santos Silva J., Bessa R.J.B. and Santos Silva F. (2002b). Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the qual-ity of light lambs. II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livest. Prod. Sci. 77, 187-194.
Santos Silva J., Mendes I.A. and Bessa R.J.B. (2002a). Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs. I. Growth, carcass composition and meat qual-ity. Livest. Prod. Sci. 7, 17-25.
Santos V.A.C., Cabo A., Raposo P., Silva J.A., Azevedo J.M.T. and Silva S.R. (2015). The effect of carcass weight and sex on carcass composition and meat quality of "Cordeiro Mirandes" protected designation of origin lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 130, 136-140.
Santos V.A.C., Silva S.R. and Azevedo J.M.T. (2008). Carcass composition and meat quality of equally mature kids and lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 1943-1950.
Santos V.A.C., Silva S.R., Mena E.G. and Azevedo J.M.T. (2007). Live weight and sex effects on carcass and meat quality of Borrego Terrincho-PDO suckling lambs. Meat Sci. 77, 654-661.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Schreurs N.M. and Kenyon P.R. (2017). Factors affecting sheep carcass characteristics. Pp. 3-27 in Achieving Sustainable Pro-duction of Sheep. J. Greyling, Ed., Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Somasiri S.C., Kenyon P.R., Kemp P.D., Morel P.C.H. and Morris S.T. (2015). Growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs grazing mixes inclusive of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Small Ru-min. Res. 127, 20-27.
Talebi M.A. (2013). Effect of fattening method and duration on the growth and carcass composition of Lori-Bakhtiari lambs. Iranian J. Anim. Sci. 44(3), 283-291.
Uushona T., Chikwanha O.C., Katiyatiya C.L.F., Strydom P.E. and Mapiye C. (2023). Fatty acid and oxidative shelf-life pro-files of meat from lambs fed finisher diets containing Acacia mearnsii leaf-meal. Meat Sci. 201, 1-12.
Vahmani P.J., Ponnampalam E.N., Kraft J., Mapiye C., Berming-ham E.N., Watkins P.J. and Dugan M.E.R. (2020). Bioactivity and health effects of ruminant meat lipids. Invited Review. Meat Sci. 165, 21-30.
Vernon R.G. and Flint D.F. (1988). Lipid metabolism in farm animals. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 47, 287-293.
Wood J.D., MacFie H.J.H., Pomeroy R.W. and Twinn D.J. (1980). Carcass composition in four sheep breeds: the importance of type of breed and stage of maturity. Anim. Prod. 30, 135-152.
Ye Y., Schreurs N.M., Johnson P.L., Corner-Thomas R.A., Agnew M.P., Silcock P., Eyres G.T., Maclennan, G. and Re-alini C.E. (2020). Carcass characteristics and meat quality of commercial lambs reared in different forage systems. Livest. Sci. 232, 1-10.
