گیاه .Atriplex halimus L و تحمل همزمان چند تنش: انتخابی مناسب از گیاهان هالوفیت برای گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های شور آلوده به فلزات سنگین
الموضوعات :
1 - دانشگاه بیرجند
الکلمات المفتاحية: Atriplex halimus, آلودگی فلزات سنگین, شوری, گیاه شورزی, گیاه‌پالایی,
ملخص المقالة :
در سراسر جهان مناطقی وجود دارند که به طور همزمان با شوری و آلودگی فلزات سنگین درگیر هستند. چندین روش برای پالایش آلاینده‌ها از محیط معرفی شده است که اکثر آنها گران یا ناکارآمد هستند. در گیاه‌پالایی از گیاهان مختلف برای تجزیه، استخراج، یا بی‌حرکت کردن آلاینده‌ها از/در محیط استفاده می‌گردد. بیشتر گیاهانی که قابلیت گیاه‌پالایی دارند قادر به حذف فلزات سنگین از خاک‌های شور نیستند زیرا نمی‌توانند تحت تنش شوری و آلودگی فلزات سنگین بقا یابند. با این وجود، گیاهان هالوفیت (شورزی) به دلیل قابلیت بقا در شرایط شور می‌توانند جایگزین مناسبی برای گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های شور آلوده به فلزات سنگین باشند. گونه‌های گیاهی جنس Atriplex يكي از جنس‌های تیره اسفناجيان به عنوان گیاهان هالوفیت مقاوم در برابر شوری و انواع تنشهای غیرزیستی، نامزدهای مناسبی برای این هدف هستند. در این میان، گونه A. halimus که یک گیاه درختچه‌ای چند ساله است توانایی تحمل تنشهای زیادی مانند خشکی، شوری، سرما و فلزات سنگین را دارد. این گیاه میتواند با مکانیسم‌های مختلفی از جمله اتصال و ترسیب فلز سنگین، فعال کردن آنزیم‌ها و ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی، انباشت محافظت‌کننده‌های اسمزی و استفاده از اندام‌های دفع نمک، سطوح بالایی از فلزات را در محیط‌های شور آلوده به فلزات سنگین تحمل کند. این گونه با داشتن این ویژگی‌ها و تولید زیتوده قابل‌توجه میتواند گزینه‌ای بسیار مناسب برای پالایش نواحی معدنی شور باشد. با این وجود، آزمایش‌های میدانی بیشتری برای بررسی کارایی کاربردی گیاه A. halimus در پالایش فلزات سنگین از خاک‌های شور نیاز است.
المصادر:
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