مروری بر کاربرد نانومواد در تبدیل زیست توده به بیوسوخت
الموضوعات : کاربرد شیمی در محیط زیست
Majid Mirzaee
1
(
Non-metallic Materials Research Group, Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
)
طیبه محبی
2
(
دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، دانشگاه کاشان، گروه شیمی، کاشان، ایران، صندوق پستی: 51167-87317
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: انرژی زیستی, زیست توده, بیوسوخت, فناوری نانو,
ملخص المقالة :
تولید انرژی جهانی که به شدت تحت تأثیر استفاده گسترده از سوخت‌های فسیلی قرار گرفته، اهمیت یافتن منابع جایگزین انرژی با پتانسیل بالا را برجسته کرده است. تلاش‌های مداومی در جریان است تا به چالش‌های مربوط به مراحل ابتدایی قبل از تبدیل به بیوانرژی نظیر پیش‌تیمار، هیدرولیز آنزیمی و پرورش زیست توده پاسخ داده شود. نانوفناوری قادر است با استفاده از سایت‌های فعال منحصر به فرد خود برای انواع واکنش‌ها و فرآیندها، مشکلات مرتبط با این منابع زیست توده را مرتفع سازد. در این مقاله مروری، پتانسیل نانوفناوری که به عنوان کمک یا افزودنی در این زیست توده‌ها برای تقویت کارایی تولید بیوانرژی ادغام شده، بررسی شده است. مبانی نانومواد به همراه کاربردهای متنوع آن‌ها در زمینه بیوانرژی به طور مفصل مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند. همچنین، بهینه‌سازی و افزایش تولید بیوانرژی از لیگنوسلولز، میکروجلبک‌ها و فاضلاب با استفاده از نانومواد به طور کامل ارزیابی شده است. ویژگی‌های برجسته این نانومواد که به بهبود عملکرد بیوسوخت‌ها، بیودیزل، آنزیم‌ها و سلول‌های سوختی میکروبی کمک می‌کنند نیز به طور دقیق مورد نقد و بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. در پایان، بر اساس مطالعات موجود، روندهای آینده و نیازهای تحقیقاتی مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند.
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