مروری بر نقش نانو مواد و نانو زیست مواد در فراوری منابع غذایی
الموضوعات : تحقیقات در علوم مهندسی سطح و نانو مواد
سیامک حقی پور
1
( استادیار گروه مهندسی پزشکی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران)
سعیده ابراهیمی اصل
2
(دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر، اهر، ایران)
عاطفه بدر
3
(دانشکده مهندسی مواد، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: نانو ذرات , نانو آفت کش ها , نانو کود, نانو ذرات فلزی, نانوتکنولوژی,
ملخص المقالة :
نانومواد به ذراتی با محدوده ابعاد 100-1 نانومترگفته میشود که نسبت سطح به حجم بالاتری نسبت به موارد حجیم دارند. با افزایش نسبت سطح به حجم، مواد میتوانند واکنش پذیرتر شوند. به همین جهت نانو ذرات دارای خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی منحصر به فردی هستند که با خواص مواد حجیم متفاوت است. نانوتکنولوژی استفاده از ماده در مقیاس نزدیک به اتمی برای تولید ساختارها، مواد و وسایل جدید برای کاربرد در بسیاری از بخشها مانند پزشکی، انرژی و ... است که در این میان نانوتکنولوژی زیستی اصول بیولوژیکی را با خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی مواد ترکیب میکند تا بتواند نانوذراتی با عملکردهای خاص تولید کند. از جمله این خواص میتوان به بهبود مقاومت دربرابر بیماریهای گیاهی، افزایش رشد گیاهان و استفاده کارآمد از مواد مغذی اشاره کرد. مواد زیستی در مقیاس نانو در زمینه صنایع غذایی میتوانند در تشخیص پاتوژن،در سیستمهای تصفیه آب، تولید افزودنیهای نانو در بستهبندیهای هوشمند نانو، کنترل و تحویل مواد مغذی ، نانو کپسولهسازی و تحویل ماده هدف به کار میرود که رشد عوامل بیماریزای ذخیره شده در مواد غذایی را به حداقل میرسانند. نانوذرات فلزی به دلیل برهمکنش الکترواستاتیکی، میتوانند فعالیتهای ضد باکتریایی و ضد قارچی خوبی از خود نشان دهند. نانو کودها ممکن است حاوی روی، سیلیس، آهن، دی اکسید تیتانیوم، نانو میلههای طلا و غیره باشند. نانولوله های کربنی و نانوذرات نقره و اکسید روی میتوانند در بهبود رشد گیاه بهکار روند. در نهایت نانوتکنولوژی زیستی فرآیندی آینده نگر است و به عنوان یک امنیت زیستی کشاورزی عمل می کند.
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