بررسی اثر غلظت¬های مختلف سیلیکون بر برخی پارامتر¬های رشد و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه کلزا (Brassica napus L.) تحت تنش آرسنیک و کادمیوم
الموضوعات :
ناصر کریمی
1
,
سلیمه خادمی اعظم
2
,
زهرا سوری
3
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه
2 - گروه زیست¬شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
3 - گروه زیست¬شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: پارامتر¬های رشد, سیلیکون, فلزات سنگین, کلزا ,
ملخص المقالة :
سیلیکون به¬عنوان دومین عنصر فراوان در خاک و پوسته زمین، می¬تواند رشد گیاهان را افزایش داده و موجب بهبود تنش¬های مختلف از جمله تنش فلزات سنگین گردد. به منظور بررسی اثر سیلیکون بر برخی پارامتر¬های رشد و فیزیولوژیک گیاه کلزا تحت تنش آرسنیک و کادمیوم دو آزمایش مستقل به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. در این پژوهش گیاهان پس از رسیدن به مرحله¬ی چهار برگی به مدت 14 روز تحت اثر تیمار¬های آرسنیک و کادمیوم با غلظت 600 میکرو مولار و سیلیکون با غلظت¬های صفر، 5/0، 1 و2 میلی¬مولار قرار گرفتند. مقایسه این دو عنصر سنگین در تیمار 600 میکرومولار نشان داد که میزان انباشت کادمیوم 145 برابر و آرسنیک 33 برابر تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت که نشان از اثر سمی بیشتر کادمیوم نسبت به آرسنیک بر پارامتر¬های رشد گیاه بود. در مقایسه با تیمار کاربرد آرسنیک یا کادمیوم به تنهایی، بکارگیری سیلیکون بویژه در تیمار 2 میلی مولار باعث بهبود پارامتر¬های رشد (افزایش 5/22 درصدی طول و 8/80 درصدی وزن بخش هوایی در تیمار آرسنیک) می¬شود. همچنین تیمار سیلیکون منجر به کاهش محتوای پراکسید هیدروژن (تا 15 درصد در تیمار آرسنیک و تا 35 درصد در کادمیوم) و در مقابل افزایش فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون - اس- ترانسفراز (تا 75 درصد در تیمار آرسنیک و تا 58 درصد در تیمار کادمیوم) در بخش هوایی گیاه کلزا شد. به طور کلی، سیلیکون پتانسیل گیاه پالایی و مقاومت گیاه کلزا را از طریق بهبود فاکتور¬های رشد، کاهش جذب فلزات سنگین و کاهش آسیب تنش اکسیداتیو بهبود می¬بخشد. لذا می¬توان از سیلیکون برای تولید بهتر محصولات زراعی و افزایش مقاومت این گیاه در شرایط تنش فلزات سنگین استفاده کرد.
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