Fuzzy Logic Based Geographical Routing for Urban Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks Based on Intersection Detection

الموضوعات : Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices

Foruzan Samandari ¹ , ABDOLNABI ANSARI ASL ² , Ali Barati ³

1 - Department of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
2 - Department of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
3 - Department of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 04 الخميس , رمضان, 1445 تاريخ التأكيد : 08 الأحد , محرم, 1446 تاريخ الإصدار : 08 الأحد , جمادى الأولى, 1446

الکلمات المفتاحية: Vehicular ad-hoc networks, Fuzzy logic, Routing, Intersection,

ملخص المقالة :

Vehicular ad-hoc networks are a type of ad-hoc network that lacks a fixed infrastructure. The network's nodes are vehicles that self-organize and perform various network operations, including packet routing and network management. These networks enable intelligent autonomous behavior in vehicles, particularly in situations such as accidents. Each vehicle in a vehicular ad-hoc network acts as a network node, and these nodes can collaborate to enhance network efficiency. Nowadays, technologies like vehicular ad-hoc networks are widely employed to enhance traffic flow and transportation in urban areas. Routing in vehicular ad-hoc networks remains a fundamental challenge in these networks. This article presents a routing method specifically designed for vehicular ad-hoc networks operating in urban environments. Given that urban environments consist of numerous roads and intersections, the proposed approach is divided into three phases. The first phase introduces an intersection detection method that does not require a city map. It classifies the network nodes into two categories: those located at intersections and those outside intersections. The second phase presents a routing method for nodes outside intersections, while the third phase outlines a method for determining routes for nodes within intersections. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, key parameters such as packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, throughput, and end-to-end delay have been analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other existing methods.

المصادر:

[1] M.Lee,., and T. Atkison.. (2021), “VANET applications: Past, present, and future”, Vehicular Communications, 28, 100310.‏
[2] M.J.N. Mahi,S. Chaki,., S.Ahmed, , M.Biswas, M.S.Kaiser, M.S.Islam,.and M. Whaiduzzaman, (2022). “A review on VANET research: Perspective of recent emerging technologies”, IEEE Access, 10, pp.65760-65783.‏
[3] A.Katiyar, D.Singh, and R.S. Yadav. (2020). State-of-the-art approach to clustering protocols in VANET: a survey. Wireless Networks, 26, pp.5307-5336.‏
[4] M.A.Al-shareeda, M.A.Alazzawi, M.Anbar.S. Manickam, and a.k. Al-Ani. (2021, July), “A comprehensive survey on vehicular ad hoc networks (vanets)”, presented at 2021 Int. Conf. Advanced Computer Applications (ACA) ,pp. 156-160,IEEE.‏
[5] O.Senouci, ,S. Harous, and Z Aliouat, . (2020), “Survey on vehicular ad hoc networks clustering algorithms: Overview, taxonomy, challenges, and open research issues”, Int. Journal of Communication Systems, 33(11), e4402.‏
[6] Z.Xia, ,J. Wu, L. Wu, Y.Chen, J.Yang, and P.S. Yu. (2021), “A comprehensive survey of the key technologies and challenges surrounding vehicular ad hoc networks”, ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), 12(4), 1-30.‏
[7] T.K.Bhatia, R.K.Ramachandran, R.Doss and L.Pan.. (2020, June), “A comprehensive review on the vehicular ad-hoc networks, presented at 2020 8th Int. Conf. on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions)(ICRITO) (pp. 515-520). IEEE.‏
[8] M.S.Azhdari, A.Barati, and H. Barati,. (2022). “A cluster-based routing method with authentication capability in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)”, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 169, pp.1-23.‏
[9] E.Moridi, and H. Barati, (2023). “Increase efficiency and reliability in multicasting geographical routing based on Fuzzy Logic in VANETs”, Journal of Soft Computing and Information Technology, 12(1), pp.11-19.
[10] P.K.Shrivastava, and L.K Vishwamitra. (2021). “Comparative analysis of proactive and reactive routing protocols in VANET environment”, Measurement: Sensors, 16, 100051.‏
[11] L.Hota, B.P.Nayak, A.Kumar, B.Sahoo, and G.M.N. Ali. (2022), “A performance analysis of VANETs propagation models and routing protocols”, Sustainability, 14(3), 1379.‏
[12] E.Moridi, and H. Barati. (2017), “RMRPTS: a reliable multi-level routing protocol with tabu search in VANET”, Telecommunication Systems, 65(1), pp.127-137.‏
[13] E. Bozorgzadeh, H. Barati, , and A. Barati. (2020), “3DEOR: an opportunity routing protocol using evidence theory appropriate for 3D urban environments in VANETs”, IET Communications, 14(22), pp.4022-4028.‏
[14] R C. Muniyandi, ,F. Qamar, and A.N. Jasim. (2020), “Genetic optimized location aided routing protocol for VANET based on rectangular estimation of position”, Applied Sciences, 10(17), 5759.‏
[15] R. Sadakale, N. K. Ramesh, and R. Patil. (2020), “TAD-HOC routing protocol for efficient VANET and infrastructure-oriented communication network”, Journal of Engineering, 2020, pp.1-12.‏
[16] G.D. Singh, S. Kumar, H. Alshazly, S.A. Idris, M. Verma and S.M. Mostafa. (2021), “A novel routing protocol for realistic traffic network scenarios in VANET”, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2021, pp.1-12.‏
[17] A. K. Kazi, and S.M. Khan. (2021), “DyTE: an effective routing protocol for VANET in urban scenarios”, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 11(2), pp.6979-6985.‏
[18] K. Kandali, L. El .Bennis, O. Bannay, and H. Bennis. (2022), “An intelligent machine learning based routing scheme for VANET”, IEEE Access, 10, pp.74318-74333.‏
[19] G. D. Singh, M. Prateek, S. Kumar, M. Verma, D.Singh, and H. N. Lee. (2022), “Hybrid genetic firefly algorithm-based routing protocol for VANETs”, IEEE Access, 10, pp.9142-9151.‏
[20] S. Shokrollahi, and M. Dehghan. (2023), “TGRV: A trust-based geographic routing protocol for VANETs”, Ad Hoc Networks, 140, 103062.‏
[21] S. K. Monfared, and S. Shokrollahi. (2023), “DARVAN: A fully decentralized anonymous and reliable routing for VANets”, Computer Networks, 223, 109561.‏
[22] M. Azizi, and S. Shokrollahi. (2024), “RTRV: An RSU-assisted trust-based routing protocol for VANETs”, Ad Hoc Networks, 154, 103387.‏
[23] M. Abul Hassan, A.A.Al-Awady, A.Ali, M. Sifatullah, Akram, M.M. Iqbal, M. M and Y.A. Abdelrahman Ali. (2024), “ANN-Based Intelligent Secure Routing Protocol in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) Using Enhanced AODV”, Sensors, 24(3), 818.
[24] S. Haider, G. Abbas, Z. H. Abbas, and T. Baker. (2019), “DABFS: a robust routing protocol for warning messages dissemination in VANETs”, Computer Communications, 147, pp.21-34.
[25] F. Goudarzi, H.Asgari, and H. S. Al-Raweshidy, (2018), “Traffic-aware VANET routing for city environments—A protocol based on ant colony optimization”, IEEE Systems Journal, 13(1), pp.571-581.