حکمرانی حکیمانه: چشم انداز جدید حکمرانی و ادارۀ امور عمومی
الموضوعات :
حمزه صمدی میارکلائی
1
,
مسعود بسطامی
2
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، سنندج، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: نظم نوین جهانی, جهانی سازی نظام سرمایه داری چپاول گر, حکمرانی و ادارۀ امور عمومی, همه گیری جهانی ویروس کرونا (کووید-19), حکمرانی حکیمانه,
ملخص المقالة :
دنیا با یک بحران بی‌سابقه و خطرناکی مواجه است. با توجه به تغییرات به‌وجودآمده توسط همه-گیری جهانی ویروس کرونا و آشکار شدن ماهیت کارآمد یا ناکارآمد نظام‌های حکمرانی و ادارۀ امور عمومی کشورهای دنیا، و ضرورت نگاه به درون و ملّی‌گرایی تقریباً در همه کشورهای دنیا، پس از 40 سال تسلط و استیلای جهانی‌سازی نظام سرمایه‌داری چپاول‌گر که در قالب اصلاحات مدیریت دولتی نوین و طرح‌هایی مانند خصوصی‌سازی، شرکتی‌سازی، تجاری‌سازی، برون‌سپاری و اقتصاد بازار، نقش دولت و نهادهای دولتی را به حداقل ممکن کاهش داد و به کنترل اجتماعی، نظامی‌گری و ایجاد نظم و امنیت اقتصادی برای صاحبان سرمایه و نظام سرمایه‌داری محدود کرد، اکنون زمانی برای تعریف یک مفهوم جدید و زمانی برای شکوفایی و بلوغ حکمرانی و ادارۀ امور عمومی است. نظم نوین جهانی در حال شکل‌گیری است و طرح آن را فاتحان بر بحران ویروس کرونا (کووید-19) خواهند نگاشت. در این مقاله با استفاده از روش پژوهش تحلیلی- توصیفی و گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، چشم‌انداز جدیدی برای حکمرانی و ادارۀ امور عمومی مطرح شده است.
المصادر:
منابع
1- اعرافی، ع.، (1399). نامه مدیر حوزه¬های علمیه به پاپ واتیکان (17/01/1399):http://hajj.ir/fa/99788
2- خامنه¬ای، س.ع.، (مقام معظم رهبری). بیانات مقام معظم رهبری به آدرس: http://farsi.khamenei.ir
3- Agnew, J.A., (2005). Hegemony: The New Shape of Global Power, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
4- Allen, J., (2020). The History of COVID-19 Will Be Written by the Victors, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 20 March 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/20/world-order-after-coroanvirus-pandemic/
5- Allison, G., (2020). Coronavirus Crisis Shows Cracks in the U.S. Governing System, Analysts Say, South China Morning Post, Retrieved 8 April 2020 at: https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/coronavirus-crisis-shows-cracks-us-governing-system-analysts-say
6- Ansell, C., (2019). The Protective State, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
7- Ansell, C., & Gash, A., (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice, Journal of public administration research and theory, 18(4), 543-571.
8- Ansell, C., Sørensen, E., & Torfing, J., (2023). Public administration and politics meet turbulence: The search for robust governance responses, Public Administration, 101(1), 3-22.
9- Araya, D., (2020). The Revolution after the Crisis, Forbes, Retrieved 31 March 2020 at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielaraya/2020/03/31/the-revolution-after-the-crisis/#6323d60a101e
10- Bevir, M., (2013). A Theory of Governance, London: University of California Press, Ltd.
11- Blumenau, J., & Lauderdale, B.E., (2018). Never let a good crisis go to waste: Agenda setting and legislative voting in response to the EU crisis, The Journal of Politics, 80(2), 462-478.
12- Boas, T.C., & Gans-Morse, J., (2009). Neoliberalism: From new liberal philosophy to anti-liberal slogan, Studies in comparative international development, 44(2), 137-161.
13- Boin, A., & Hart, P.T., (2008). Public Leadership in Times of Crisis: Mission Impossible?, In Boin, A. (ed.) Crisis Management (Pp. 1-15), Vol III, First edition, Sage Publication, Inc.
14- Boin, A., Hart, P.T., McConnell, A., & Preston, T., (2010). Leadership style, crisis response and blame management: The case of Hurricane Katrina, Public Administration, 88(3), 706-723.
15- Boin, A., Hart, P.T., Stern, E., & Sundelius, B., (2005). The Politics of Crisis Management: Public Leadership under Pressure, Cambridge University Press, New York.
16- Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P., (2020). Balancing governance capacity and legitimacy: how the Norwegian government handled the COVID‐19 crisis as a high performer, Public Administration Review, 80(5), 774-779.
17- Cooley, A., & Nexon, D., (2020). Exit from Hegemony: The Unraveling of the American Global Order, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
18- Coombs, W.T., & Holladay, S.J., (Eds.) (2011). The Handbook of Crisis Communication, John Wiley & Sons, United Kingdom.
19- Deetz, S.A., (1992). Democracy in the Age of Corporate Colonization, State University of New York Press, Albany.
20- Duran, B., (2020). The Future of global great power competition after the Coronavirus, Insight Turkey, 22(2), 79-92.
21- Enroth, H., (2011). Policy network theory, In Bevir, M., (Ed.), The Sage Handbook of Governance (pp. 19–35), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22- Farazmand, A., (1999). Globalization and public administration. Public Administration Review, 509-522.
23- Farazmand, A., (2002). Privatization and globalization: A critical analysis with implications for public management education and training, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 68(3), 355-371.
24- Farazmand, A., (2004). Sound governance in the age of globalization: A conceptual framework, In Farazmand, A., (Ed.) Sound Governance: Policy and Administration Innovation (pp. 1-24), Westport, CT: Praeger.
25- Farazmand, A., (2009). Building administrative capacity for the age of rapid globalization: A modest prescription for the twenty‐first century, Public Administration Review, 69(6), 1007-1020.
26- Farazmand, A., (2012a). Sound governance: Engaging citizens through collaborative organizations, Public Organization Review, 12(3), 223-241.
27- Farazmand, A., (2012b). The future of public administration: Challenges and opportunities—A critical perspective, Administration & Society, 44(4), 487-517.
28- Farazmand, A., (2015). Governance in the Age of Globalization: Challenges and Opportunities for South and Southeast Asia, In Jamil, I, Aminuzzaman, S.M., & Haque, S.T.M., (Eds.), Governance in South, Southeast, and East Asia: Trends, Issues and Challenges (Vol. 15) (pp. 11-26), Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.
29- Farazmand, A., (2017). Governance reforms: The good, the bad, and the ugly; and the sound: Examining the past and exploring the future of public organizations, Public Organization Review, 17(4), 595-617.
30- Farazmand, A., & Balilaj, A., (2015). Does Asia have a unique theory of public administration for all seasons? An exploratory essay, Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 37(3), 143-160.
31- Fischer, F., (2012). Participatory governance: From theory to practice. In Levi-Faur, D. (Ed.). (2012). The Oxford Handbook Of Governance (pp. 457-471), Oxford University Press, Oxford.
32- Fontaine, R., (2020). Globalization Will Look Very Different After the Coronavirus Pandemic. Foreign Policy, Retrieved 17 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/17/globalization-trade-war-after-coronavirus-pandemic/
33- Friedman, T.L., (1999). The Lexus and the Olive Tree, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.
34- Frum, D., (2020). The Coronavirus Is Demonstrating the Value of Globalization. The Atlantic. Retrieved 27 March 2020 at: https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/dont-abandon-globalizationmake-it-better/608872/
35- Fukuyama, F., (1992). The End of History and of the Last Man, Free Press, New York.
36- Fukuyama, F., (2020a). The Thing That Determines a Country’s Resistance to the Coronavirus, The Atlantic, Retrieved 30 March 2020 at: https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/thing-determines-how-well-countries-respond-coronavirus/609025/
37- Fukuyama, F., (2020b). The Pandemic and Political Order: It Takes a State, Foreign Affairs, 99(4) (July/August 2020), Retrieved 9 June 2020 at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2020-06-09/pandemic-and-political-order
38- Fuller, S., (2013). ‘Never let a good crisis go to waste’: moral entrepreneurship, or the fine art of recycling evil into good, Business Ethics: A European Review, 22(1), 118-129.
39- Galbraith, J.K., (2006). Taming predatory capitalism. In Galbraith, J.K., (Ed.), Unbearable Cost (pp. 219-220), Palgrave Macmillan, London.
40- Goodman, A., (10 April 2020). Noam Chomsky on Trump’s Disastrous Coronavirus Response, Bernie Sanders & What Gives Him Hope, Retrieved 10 April 2020 at: https://www.democracynow.org/2020/4/10/noam_chomsky_trump_us_coronavirus_response
41- Goodsell, C.T., (2006). A new vision for public administration, Public Administration Review, 66(4), 623-635.
42- Grindle, M.S., (2017). Good governance, RIP: A critique and an alternative, Governance, 30(1), 17-22.
43- Haass, R.N., (2021). Present at the Destruction Trump’s Final Act Has Accelerated the Onset of a Post-American World, Foreign Affairs, 100(1) (January/February), Retrieved 11 January 2021 at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-01-11/present-destruction
44- Illouz, E., (2020). Coronavirus Reveals What Really Makes the World Go Round, and It's Not Money, Haaretz, Retrieved 4 March 2020 at: https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-coronavirus-reveals-what-really-makes-the-world-go-round-and-it-s-not-money-1.8734475
45- Innes, A., (2018). The new crisis of ungovernability, In Martill, Benjamin, & Staiger, Uta (Eds.), Brexit and Beyond–Rethinking the Futures of Europe (pp. 138-145), UCL Press, London.
46- James, E.H., & Wooten, L.P., (2005). Leadership as (Un) usual: how to display competence in times of crisis, Organizational Dynamics, 34(2), 141-152.
47- Kadomtsev, A., (2020). A new world order, or will globalization survive the coronavirus pandemic?, Modern Diplomacy. Retrieved 17 March 2018 at: https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/03/17/a-new-world-order-or-will-globalization-survive-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
48- Kaplan, R.D., (2020). Coronavirus Ushers in the Globalization We Were Afraid Of, Bloomberg, Retrieved 20 March 2020 at: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-03-20/coronavirus-ushers-in-the-globalization-we-were-afraid-of
49- Keinon, H., (2020). Post-corona world order: What was, is not what will be, The Jerusalem Post, Retrieved 30 March 2020 at: https://www.jpost.com/opinion/post-corona-world-order-what-was-it-not-what-will-it-be-622967
50- Kissinger, H.A., (2020). The Coronavirus Pandemic Will Forever Alter the World Order, The Wall Street Journal, Retrieved 3 April 2020 at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-coronavirus-pandemic-will-forever-alter-the-world-order-11585953005
51- Kooiman, J., (1993). Governance and governability: using complexity, dynamics and diversity, In Kooiman, J., (Eds.) Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions (pp. 35-48). Sage publication.
52- Kooiman, J., & Jentoft, S., (2009). Meta‐governance: values, norms and principles, and the making of hard choices, Public Administration, 87(4), 818-836.
53- Korten, D.C,, (1995). When Corporations Rule The World, Kumarian Press, West Hartford, CT.
54- Kregel, J., (1998). The strong arm of the IMF, Report of the Jerome Levy Economic Institute of Bard College, 8(1), 7-8.
55- Kulish, N., Kliff, S., & Silver-Greenberg, J., (2020). Ventilators. The Mission Failed, The New York Times, Retrieved 31 March 2020 at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/29/business/coronavirus-us-ventilator-shortage.html
56- Lewin, L., (1991). Self-Interest and Public Interest in Western Politics, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
57- Marr, B., (2020). 9 Future Predictions For A Post-Coronavirus World, Forbes, Retrieved 6 April 2020 at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/advisor/2020/04/06/dont-worry-the-1200-stimulus-payment-wont-cut-into-your-tax-refund-next-april/#6e0049a05ea8
58- Meuleman, L., (2008). Public Management and the Metagovernance of Hierarchies, Networks and Markets: The Feasibility of Designing and Managing Governance Style Combinations, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg.
59- Milward, H.B., & Provan, K.G., (2000). Governing the hollow state, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(2), 359-380.
60- Mishra, A.K. (1996). Organizational Responses to Crisis: The Centrality of Trust. In: Kramer, R.M., & Thomas, T., (eds.), Trust In Organizations (pp. 261-287), Sage Publication, Newbury Park, CA.
61- Nye, J.S.Jr., (2020). American Power Will Need a New Strategy, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 20 March 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/20/world-order-after-coroanvirus-pandemic/
62- Ohmae, K., (1990). The Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy, HarperBusiness, New York.
63- Poluha, E., & Rosendahl, M., (2012). Contesting 'Good' Governance: Crosscultural Perspectives on Representation, Accountability and Public Space, Routledge.
64- Parenti, M., (2010). Democracy for the Few, Saint Martin’s Press, New York, NY.
65- Perrow, C., (1984). Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies, Basic Books, New York.
66- Peters, B.G., (1994). Managing the hollow state, International Journal of Public Administration, 17(3-4), 739-756.
67- Peters, B.G., (2018). Governance: ten thoughts about five propositions, International Social Science Journal, 68(Special Issue 227-228), 5-14.
68- Polychroniou, C.J., (01 April 2020). Chomsky: Ventilator Shortage Exposes the Cruelty of Neoliberal Capitalism, Retrieved 1 April 2020 at: https://truthout.org/articles/chomsky-ventilator-shortage-exposes-the-cruelty-of-neoliberal-capitalism/
69- Posen, A., (2020). How the Economy Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 15 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/how-the-economy-will-look-after-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
70- Prashad, V., (2020). We won’t go back to normal, because normal was the problem, The Tricontinental, Retrieved 22 March 2020 at: https://mronline.org/2020/03/27/we-wont-go-back-to-normal-because-normal-was-the-problem/
71- Rajan, R., (2020). How to Save Global Capitalism From Itself, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 3 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/03/save-global-capitalism-localism-deglobalization/
72- Reich, R., (2007). Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy, and Everyday Life, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.
73- Reinhart, C.M., (2020). How the Economy Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 15 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/how-the-economy-will-look-after-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
74- Rhodes, R.A.W., (1996). The new governance: governing without government, Political studies, 44(4), 652-667.
75- Rhodes, R.A.W., (2007). Understanding Governance – Ten years on, Organization
Studies, 28, 1243-1264.
76- Rhodes, R.A.W., (2012). Waves of governance, In Levi-Faur, D., (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Governance (pp. 33-48), Oxford University Press, Oxford.
77- Roberts, A., (2020). The third and fatal shock: How pandemic killed the millennial paradigm, Public Administration Review, 80(4), 603-609.
78- Salamon, L.M., (2002). The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
79- Scholte, J.A., (2005). Globalization: A Critical Introduction, Second Edition, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
80- Stever, J.A., (1988). The End of Public Administration: Problems of the Profession in the Post-Progressive Era, Transnational Publications, Dobbs Ferry, NY.
81- Stiglitz, J.E., (2018). Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited: Anti-Globalization in the Era of Trump, Norton and Company, New York.
82- Stiglitz, J.E., (2020). .How the Economy Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 15 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/how-the-economy-will-look-after-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
83- The New York Times (2020). The America We Need. By The Editorial Board, The New York Times, Retrieved 9 April 2020 at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/opinion/coronavirus-inequality-america.html
84- Tisdall, S., (2020a). Power, equality, nationalism: how the pandemic will reshape the world, The Guardian, Retrieved 28 March 2020 at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/28/power-equality-nationalism-how-the-pandemic-will-reshape-the-world
85- Tisdall, S., (2020b). US's global reputation hits rock-bottom over Trump's coronavirus response, The Guardian, Retrieved 12 April 2020 at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/12/us-global-reputation-rock-bottom-donald-trump-coronavirus
86- Torfing, J., Peters, B.G., Pierre, J., & Sørensen, E., (2012). Interactive Governance: Advancing the Paradigm, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
87- Traub, J., (2020). The Future Is Asian—but Not Chinese, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 27 April 2020 at https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/27/the-future-is-asian-but-not-chinese-coronavirus-pandemic-china-korea-singapore-taiwan/
88- Ulmer, R.R., Sellnow, T.L., & Seeger, M.W., (2011). Effective Crisis Communication: Moving from Crisis to Opportunity, Second Edition, SAGE Publication, Thousand Oaks.
89- Van de Poel, I., Royakkers L., & Zwart, S.D., (2015). Moral Responsibility and the Problem of Many Hands, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
منابع
1- اعرافی، ع.، (1399). نامه مدیر حوزه¬های علمیه به پاپ واتیکان (17/01/1399):http://hajj.ir/fa/99788
2- خامنه¬ای، س.ع.، (مقام معظم رهبری). بیانات مقام معظم رهبری به آدرس: http://farsi.khamenei.ir
3- Agnew, J.A., (2005). Hegemony: The New Shape of Global Power, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
4- Allen, J., (2020). The History of COVID-19 Will Be Written by the Victors, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 20 March 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/20/world-order-after-coroanvirus-pandemic/
5- Allison, G., (2020). Coronavirus Crisis Shows Cracks in the U.S. Governing System, Analysts Say, South China Morning Post, Retrieved 8 April 2020 at: https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/coronavirus-crisis-shows-cracks-us-governing-system-analysts-say
6- Ansell, C., (2019). The Protective State, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
7- Ansell, C., & Gash, A., (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice, Journal of public administration research and theory, 18(4), 543-571.
8- Ansell, C., Sørensen, E., & Torfing, J., (2023). Public administration and politics meet turbulence: The search for robust governance responses, Public Administration, 101(1), 3-22.
9- Araya, D., (2020). The Revolution after the Crisis, Forbes, Retrieved 31 March 2020 at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielaraya/2020/03/31/the-revolution-after-the-crisis/#6323d60a101e
10- Bevir, M., (2013). A Theory of Governance, London: University of California Press, Ltd.
11- Blumenau, J., & Lauderdale, B.E., (2018). Never let a good crisis go to waste: Agenda setting and legislative voting in response to the EU crisis, The Journal of Politics, 80(2), 462-478.
12- Boas, T.C., & Gans-Morse, J., (2009). Neoliberalism: From new liberal philosophy to anti-liberal slogan, Studies in comparative international development, 44(2), 137-161.
13- Boin, A., & Hart, P.T., (2008). Public Leadership in Times of Crisis: Mission Impossible?, In Boin, A. (ed.) Crisis Management (Pp. 1-15), Vol III, First edition, Sage Publication, Inc.
14- Boin, A., Hart, P.T., McConnell, A., & Preston, T., (2010). Leadership style, crisis response and blame management: The case of Hurricane Katrina, Public Administration, 88(3), 706-723.
15- Boin, A., Hart, P.T., Stern, E., & Sundelius, B., (2005). The Politics of Crisis Management: Public Leadership under Pressure, Cambridge University Press, New York.
16- Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P., (2020). Balancing governance capacity and legitimacy: how the Norwegian government handled the COVID‐19 crisis as a high performer, Public Administration Review, 80(5), 774-779.
17- Cooley, A., & Nexon, D., (2020). Exit from Hegemony: The Unraveling of the American Global Order, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
18- Coombs, W.T., & Holladay, S.J., (Eds.) (2011). The Handbook of Crisis Communication, John Wiley & Sons, United Kingdom.
19- Deetz, S.A., (1992). Democracy in the Age of Corporate Colonization, State University of New York Press, Albany.
20- Duran, B., (2020). The Future of global great power competition after the Coronavirus, Insight Turkey, 22(2), 79-92.
21- Enroth, H., (2011). Policy network theory, In Bevir, M., (Ed.), The Sage Handbook of Governance (pp. 19–35), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22- Farazmand, A., (1999). Globalization and public administration. Public Administration Review, 509-522.
23- Farazmand, A., (2002). Privatization and globalization: A critical analysis with implications for public management education and training, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 68(3), 355-371.
24- Farazmand, A., (2004). Sound governance in the age of globalization: A conceptual framework, In Farazmand, A., (Ed.) Sound Governance: Policy and Administration Innovation (pp. 1-24), Westport, CT: Praeger.
25- Farazmand, A., (2009). Building administrative capacity for the age of rapid globalization: A modest prescription for the twenty‐first century, Public Administration Review, 69(6), 1007-1020.
26- Farazmand, A., (2012a). Sound governance: Engaging citizens through collaborative organizations, Public Organization Review, 12(3), 223-241.
27- Farazmand, A., (2012b). The future of public administration: Challenges and opportunities—A critical perspective, Administration & Society, 44(4), 487-517.
28- Farazmand, A., (2015). Governance in the Age of Globalization: Challenges and Opportunities for South and Southeast Asia, In Jamil, I, Aminuzzaman, S.M., & Haque, S.T.M., (Eds.), Governance in South, Southeast, and East Asia: Trends, Issues and Challenges (Vol. 15) (pp. 11-26), Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.
29- Farazmand, A., (2017). Governance reforms: The good, the bad, and the ugly; and the sound: Examining the past and exploring the future of public organizations, Public Organization Review, 17(4), 595-617.
30- Farazmand, A., & Balilaj, A., (2015). Does Asia have a unique theory of public administration for all seasons? An exploratory essay, Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 37(3), 143-160.
31- Fischer, F., (2012). Participatory governance: From theory to practice. In Levi-Faur, D. (Ed.). (2012). The Oxford Handbook Of Governance (pp. 457-471), Oxford University Press, Oxford.
32- Fontaine, R., (2020). Globalization Will Look Very Different After the Coronavirus Pandemic. Foreign Policy, Retrieved 17 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/17/globalization-trade-war-after-coronavirus-pandemic/
33- Friedman, T.L., (1999). The Lexus and the Olive Tree, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.
34- Frum, D., (2020). The Coronavirus Is Demonstrating the Value of Globalization. The Atlantic. Retrieved 27 March 2020 at: https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/dont-abandon-globalizationmake-it-better/608872/
35- Fukuyama, F., (1992). The End of History and of the Last Man, Free Press, New York.
36- Fukuyama, F., (2020a). The Thing That Determines a Country’s Resistance to the Coronavirus, The Atlantic, Retrieved 30 March 2020 at: https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/thing-determines-how-well-countries-respond-coronavirus/609025/
37- Fukuyama, F., (2020b). The Pandemic and Political Order: It Takes a State, Foreign Affairs, 99(4) (July/August 2020), Retrieved 9 June 2020 at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2020-06-09/pandemic-and-political-order
38- Fuller, S., (2013). ‘Never let a good crisis go to waste’: moral entrepreneurship, or the fine art of recycling evil into good, Business Ethics: A European Review, 22(1), 118-129.
39- Galbraith, J.K., (2006). Taming predatory capitalism. In Galbraith, J.K., (Ed.), Unbearable Cost (pp. 219-220), Palgrave Macmillan, London.
40- Goodman, A., (10 April 2020). Noam Chomsky on Trump’s Disastrous Coronavirus Response, Bernie Sanders & What Gives Him Hope, Retrieved 10 April 2020 at: https://www.democracynow.org/2020/4/10/noam_chomsky_trump_us_coronavirus_response
41- Goodsell, C.T., (2006). A new vision for public administration, Public Administration Review, 66(4), 623-635.
42- Grindle, M.S., (2017). Good governance, RIP: A critique and an alternative, Governance, 30(1), 17-22.
43- Haass, R.N., (2021). Present at the Destruction Trump’s Final Act Has Accelerated the Onset of a Post-American World, Foreign Affairs, 100(1) (January/February), Retrieved 11 January 2021 at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-01-11/present-destruction
44- Illouz, E., (2020). Coronavirus Reveals What Really Makes the World Go Round, and It's Not Money, Haaretz, Retrieved 4 March 2020 at: https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-coronavirus-reveals-what-really-makes-the-world-go-round-and-it-s-not-money-1.8734475
45- Innes, A., (2018). The new crisis of ungovernability, In Martill, Benjamin, & Staiger, Uta (Eds.), Brexit and Beyond–Rethinking the Futures of Europe (pp. 138-145), UCL Press, London.
46- James, E.H., & Wooten, L.P., (2005). Leadership as (Un) usual: how to display competence in times of crisis, Organizational Dynamics, 34(2), 141-152.
47- Kadomtsev, A., (2020). A new world order, or will globalization survive the coronavirus pandemic?, Modern Diplomacy. Retrieved 17 March 2018 at: https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/03/17/a-new-world-order-or-will-globalization-survive-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
48- Kaplan, R.D., (2020). Coronavirus Ushers in the Globalization We Were Afraid Of, Bloomberg, Retrieved 20 March 2020 at: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-03-20/coronavirus-ushers-in-the-globalization-we-were-afraid-of
49- Keinon, H., (2020). Post-corona world order: What was, is not what will be, The Jerusalem Post, Retrieved 30 March 2020 at: https://www.jpost.com/opinion/post-corona-world-order-what-was-it-not-what-will-it-be-622967
50- Kissinger, H.A., (2020). The Coronavirus Pandemic Will Forever Alter the World Order, The Wall Street Journal, Retrieved 3 April 2020 at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-coronavirus-pandemic-will-forever-alter-the-world-order-11585953005
51- Kooiman, J., (1993). Governance and governability: using complexity, dynamics and diversity, In Kooiman, J., (Eds.) Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions (pp. 35-48). Sage publication.
52- Kooiman, J., & Jentoft, S., (2009). Meta‐governance: values, norms and principles, and the making of hard choices, Public Administration, 87(4), 818-836.
53- Korten, D.C,, (1995). When Corporations Rule The World, Kumarian Press, West Hartford, CT.
54- Kregel, J., (1998). The strong arm of the IMF, Report of the Jerome Levy Economic Institute of Bard College, 8(1), 7-8.
55- Kulish, N., Kliff, S., & Silver-Greenberg, J., (2020). Ventilators. The Mission Failed, The New York Times, Retrieved 31 March 2020 at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/29/business/coronavirus-us-ventilator-shortage.html
56- Lewin, L., (1991). Self-Interest and Public Interest in Western Politics, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
57- Marr, B., (2020). 9 Future Predictions For A Post-Coronavirus World, Forbes, Retrieved 6 April 2020 at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/advisor/2020/04/06/dont-worry-the-1200-stimulus-payment-wont-cut-into-your-tax-refund-next-april/#6e0049a05ea8
58- Meuleman, L., (2008). Public Management and the Metagovernance of Hierarchies, Networks and Markets: The Feasibility of Designing and Managing Governance Style Combinations, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg.
59- Milward, H.B., & Provan, K.G., (2000). Governing the hollow state, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(2), 359-380.
60- Mishra, A.K. (1996). Organizational Responses to Crisis: The Centrality of Trust. In: Kramer, R.M., & Thomas, T., (eds.), Trust In Organizations (pp. 261-287), Sage Publication, Newbury Park, CA.
61- Nye, J.S.Jr., (2020). American Power Will Need a New Strategy, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 20 March 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/20/world-order-after-coroanvirus-pandemic/
62- Ohmae, K., (1990). The Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy, HarperBusiness, New York.
63- Poluha, E., & Rosendahl, M., (2012). Contesting 'Good' Governance: Crosscultural Perspectives on Representation, Accountability and Public Space, Routledge.
64- Parenti, M., (2010). Democracy for the Few, Saint Martin’s Press, New York, NY.
65- Perrow, C., (1984). Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies, Basic Books, New York.
66- Peters, B.G., (1994). Managing the hollow state, International Journal of Public Administration, 17(3-4), 739-756.
67- Peters, B.G., (2018). Governance: ten thoughts about five propositions, International Social Science Journal, 68(Special Issue 227-228), 5-14.
68- Polychroniou, C.J., (01 April 2020). Chomsky: Ventilator Shortage Exposes the Cruelty of Neoliberal Capitalism, Retrieved 1 April 2020 at: https://truthout.org/articles/chomsky-ventilator-shortage-exposes-the-cruelty-of-neoliberal-capitalism/
69- Posen, A., (2020). How the Economy Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 15 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/how-the-economy-will-look-after-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
70- Prashad, V., (2020). We won’t go back to normal, because normal was the problem, The Tricontinental, Retrieved 22 March 2020 at: https://mronline.org/2020/03/27/we-wont-go-back-to-normal-because-normal-was-the-problem/
71- Rajan, R., (2020). How to Save Global Capitalism From Itself, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 3 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/03/save-global-capitalism-localism-deglobalization/
72- Reich, R., (2007). Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy, and Everyday Life, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.
73- Reinhart, C.M., (2020). How the Economy Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 15 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/how-the-economy-will-look-after-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
74- Rhodes, R.A.W., (1996). The new governance: governing without government, Political studies, 44(4), 652-667.
75- Rhodes, R.A.W., (2007). Understanding Governance – Ten years on, Organization
Studies, 28, 1243-1264.
76- Rhodes, R.A.W., (2012). Waves of governance, In Levi-Faur, D., (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Governance (pp. 33-48), Oxford University Press, Oxford.
77- Roberts, A., (2020). The third and fatal shock: How pandemic killed the millennial paradigm, Public Administration Review, 80(4), 603-609.
78- Salamon, L.M., (2002). The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
79- Scholte, J.A., (2005). Globalization: A Critical Introduction, Second Edition, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
80- Stever, J.A., (1988). The End of Public Administration: Problems of the Profession in the Post-Progressive Era, Transnational Publications, Dobbs Ferry, NY.
81- Stiglitz, J.E., (2018). Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited: Anti-Globalization in the Era of Trump, Norton and Company, New York.
82- Stiglitz, J.E., (2020). .How the Economy Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 15 April 2020 at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/how-the-economy-will-look-after-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
83- The New York Times (2020). The America We Need. By The Editorial Board, The New York Times, Retrieved 9 April 2020 at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/opinion/coronavirus-inequality-america.html
84- Tisdall, S., (2020a). Power, equality, nationalism: how the pandemic will reshape the world, The Guardian, Retrieved 28 March 2020 at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/28/power-equality-nationalism-how-the-pandemic-will-reshape-the-world
85- Tisdall, S., (2020b). US's global reputation hits rock-bottom over Trump's coronavirus response, The Guardian, Retrieved 12 April 2020 at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/12/us-global-reputation-rock-bottom-donald-trump-coronavirus
86- Torfing, J., Peters, B.G., Pierre, J., & Sørensen, E., (2012). Interactive Governance: Advancing the Paradigm, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
87- Traub, J., (2020). The Future Is Asian—but Not Chinese, Foreign Policy, Retrieved 27 April 2020 at https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/27/the-future-is-asian-but-not-chinese-coronavirus-pandemic-china-korea-singapore-taiwan/
88- Ulmer, R.R., Sellnow, T.L., & Seeger, M.W., (2011). Effective Crisis Communication: Moving from Crisis to Opportunity, Second Edition, SAGE Publication, Thousand Oaks.
89- Van de Poel, I., Royakkers L., & Zwart, S.D., (2015). Moral Responsibility and the Problem of Many Hands, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
