تاثیر تمرینات قدرتی و مصرف مکمل کربوهیدرات بر برخی فاکتور‌های آمادگی‌جسمانی مردان بدنساز
الموضوعات : علوم ورزش
احسان ا... فخار
1
,
محمد امین صفری
2
1 - بخش تربیت و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد جهرم، جهرم، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گرایش بیوشیمی و متابولیسم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: توان, تمرینات قدرتی, آمادگی‌جسمانی, جوانان بدنساز, مکمل کربوهیدرات,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف: جستجو برای دستیابی به یک ماده جادویی که موجب اعطای یک رده‌ی بالاتر رقابتی شود، همیشه مد نظر بوده است. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین قدرتی و مصرف مکمل کربوهیدرات بر چابکی، انعطاف‌پذیری، توان انفجاری و سرعت مردان بدنساز می‌باشد. روش‌ها: بدین منظور 36 مرد جوان بدنساز، داوطلب شرکت در تحقیق شدند و به طور تصادفی به سه گروه تجربی، دارونما و کنترل تقسیم شدند. آزمودنی‌های گروه تجربی مکمل کربوهیدرات و آزمودنی‌های گروه دارونما، دارونما مصرف کردند ولی گروه کنترل هیچ‌گونه مکملی را مصرف نکردند. آزمودنی‌های هر سه گروه به مدت 8 هفته، هفته‌ای 3 جلسه و هر جلسه به مدت 60 دقیقه تمرینات قدرتی منتخب با شدت 80-60 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه را انجام دادند. قبل و بعد از هشت هفته چابکی، انعطاف-پذیری، توان انفجاری و سرعت آزمودنی‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار spss و روش آماری تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی انجام شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که توان انفجاری بین گروه‌های تحقیق تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری دارد (019/0=p)، اما بین مقادیر چابکی، انعطاف‌پذیری و سرعت تفاوت معنی‌داری بین گروه‌ها مشاهده نگردید. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج تحقیق، می توان بیان کرد که تمرینات قدرتی همراه با مصرف مکمل کربوهیدرات باعث افزایش توان انفجاری می شود و پیشنهاد می شود که بدنسازان در کنار برنامه تمرینی خود از مکمل کربوهیدرات برای بهبود برخی از عوامل آمادگی جسمانی از جمله توان انفجاری خود استفاده کنند.
- Aghaalinajad, H., GHarakhanlu, R., & Yosefvand, S. (2009). Estimation of anaerobic power with a new zigzag jump test called Tarbiat Modares Anaerobic Test (TMAT). Olympic,16(2), 97-108.
- Apong, P. E. (2019). Nutrition and Dietary Recommendations for Bodybuilders. In Nutrition and enhanced sports performance (pp. 737-750): Elsevier.
- Arazi, H., Damirchi, A., Moghadam, M. G., & Samadi, A. (2011). Effects of concurrent exercise protocols on strength, aerobic power, flexibility and body composition. Kinesiology: International journal of fundamental and applied kinesiology, 43(2), 155-162.
- Arazi, H., Faraji, H., & Taheri Gandomani, R. (2007). A comparative study of effects of weight training and plymetrics on athlete’s runining pace and explosive power. Harakat, 28(2), 5-19.
- Asadi, A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Arazi, H., & Sáez de Villarreal, E. (2018). The effects of maturation on jumping ability and sprint adaptations to plyometric training in youth soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 36(21), 2405-2411.
- Baharirad, N., Komasi, S., Khatooni, A., Moradi, F., & Soroush, A. (2019). Frequency and Causes of Consuming Sports Supplements and Understanding their Side Effects Among Bodybuilders in Fitness Gyms of Kermanshah City. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 15(7), 735-744.
- Banyard, H. G., Tufano, J. J., Delgado, J., Thompson, S. W., & Nosaka, K. (2019). Comparison of the effects of velocity-based training methods and traditional 1RM-percent-based training prescription on acute kinetic and kinematic variables. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 14(2), 246-255
- Bertini, I., Pujia, A., & Giampietro, M. (2003). A follow-up study of the variations in the body composition of karate athletes. Acta diabetologica, 40(1), s142-s144.
- Bianco, A., Mammina, C., Paoli, A., Bellafiore, M., Battaglia, G., Caramazza, G., .Jemni, M. (2011). Protein supplementation in strength and conditioning adepts: knowledge, dietary behavior and practice in Palermo, Italy. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 8(1), 25.
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- Bortolotti, H., Pereira, L. A., Oliveira, R. S., Cyrino, E. S., & Altimari, L. R. (2013). Carbohydrate mouth rinse does not improve repeated sprint performance. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 15(6), 639-645.
- Chester, M. V., & Allenby, B. (2019). Toward adaptive infrastructure: flexibility and agility in a non-stationarity age. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 4(4), 173-191.
- Cooper, R., Naclerio, F., Allgrove, J., & Larumbe-Zabala, E. (2014). Effects of a carbohydrate and caffeine gel on intermittent sprint performance in recreationally trained males. European journal of sport science, 14(4), 353-361.
- Currell, K., Conway, S., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2009). Carbohydrate ingestion improves performance of a new reliable test of soccer performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 19(1), 34-46.
- De Moraes, W. M., de Almeida, F. N., dos Santos, L. E., Cavalcante, K. D., Santos, H. O., Navalta, J. W., & Prestes, J. (2019). Carbohydrate Loading Practice in Bodybuilders: Effects on Muscle Thickness, Photo Silhouette Scores, Mood States and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Journal of sports science & medicine, 18(4), 772.
- Elbadry, N., Hamza, A., Pietraszewski, P., Alexe, D. I., & Lupu, G. (2019). Effect of the French Contrast Method on Explosive Strength and Kinematic Parameters of the Triple Jump Among Female College Athletes. Journal of human kinetics, 69, 225.
- Falahmohammadi, Z., Pouramir, Z., Sadeghpour, B., & Samavati, M. (2011). The effect of short-term folic acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine levels in young active men following an exhausting exercise session. Olympic, 13(4), 149-159.
- Fraser, B. J., Blizzard, L., Tomkinson, G. R., Lycett, K., Wake, M., Burgner, D., ... & Olds, T. (2019). The great leap backward: changes in the jumping performance of Australian children aged 11− 12-years between 1985 and 2015. Journal of sports sciences, 37(7), 748-754.
- Gaeini, A. A., Choobineh, S., Shafiei Neek, L., Satarifard, S., & Mahmoodzadeh, M. (2012). Effect of Zinc supplementation on serum testosterone and plasma lactate in male cyclist after one bout of exhaustive exercise. journal of shahrekord university of medical sciences, 14(3), 51-61.
- Ghasemnejad, M., & Iranisefat, S. (2013). Women's Fitness Reference (Vol. 1). Tehran: Publication Nashvarzesh, 230.
- Gualdi-Russo, E., & Zaccagni, L. (2001). Somatotype, role and performance in elite volleyball players. Journal of Sports Medicine and physical fitness, 41(2), 256.
- Hammami, M., Gaamouri, N., Shephard, R. J., & Chelly, M. S. (2019). Effects of Contrast Strength vs. Plyometric Training on Lower-Limb Explosive Performance, Ability to Change Direction and Neuromuscular Adaptation in Soccer Players. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 33(8), 2094-2103.
- Hervás, G., Ruiz-Litago, F., Irazusta, J., Fernández-Atutxa, A., Fraile-Bermúdez, A. B., & Zarrazquin, I. (2018). Physical activity, physical fitness, body composition, and nutrition are associated with bone status in university students. Nutrients, 10(1), 61.
- Iraki, J., Fitschen, P., Espinar, S., & Helms, E. (2019). Nutrition recommendations for bodybuilders in the off-season: A narrative review. Sports, 7(7), 154.
- Ishihara, T., Morita, N., Nakajima, T., Okita, K., Yamatsu, K., & Sagawa, M. (2018). Direct and indirect relationships of physical fitness, weight status, and learning duration to academic performance in Japanese schoolchildren. European journal of sport science, 18(2), 286-294.
- Jorkesh, M., & Sadri, A. (2012). Nutrition and Applied Physiology in Sport (Vol. 1). tehran: varzesh Publication
- Kazemzadeh, Y. (2012). Effects of Carbohydrate-Protein Intake During Exercise on Hormonal Changes and Muscular Strength After 12-Week Resistance training. Journal of Basic Applied Scientific Research, 2(6), 5945-5951.
- Kerksick, C. M., Wilborn, C. D., Roberts, M. D., Smith-Ryan, A., Kleiner, S. M., Jäger, R., . . . Galvan, E. (2018). ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 38.
- Lit, A. (2009). Sports nutrition for children, Adolescent and youth (F. Rahmaninia, N. Aghaii, S. Shadmehri, & N. Habibzadeh, Trans. Vol. 1). tehran: Nashvarzesh Publication
- Luebbers, P. E., Potteiger, J. A., Hulver, M. W., Thyfault, J. P., Carper, M. J., & Lockwood, R. H. (2003). Effects of plyometric training and recovery on vertical jump performance and anaerobic power. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 17(4), 704-709.
- Lynch, S. (2013). The differential effects of a complex protein drink versus isocaloric carbohydrate drink on performance indices following high-intensity resistance training: a two-arm crossover design. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 10(1), 31.
- Morris, J., Nevill, M., Thompson, D., Collie, J., & Williams, C. (2003). The influence of a 6.5% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on performance of prolonged intermittent high-intensity running at 30 C. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(5), 371-381.
- Nabavi, M., & Khaldan, A. (2006). Effect of Football Exercise Program on Physical Fitness Factors of 11-17-year-old boys. Harkat, 22(1), 87-104.
- Noobrega, A. C., Paula, K. C., & Carvalho, A. C. G. (2005). Interaction between resistance training and flexibility training in healthy young adults. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 19(4), 842-846.
- Sarah, J., Lisman, P., Gribbin, T. C., Murphy, K., & Deuster, P. A. (2019). Systematic review of the association between physical fitness and musculoskeletal injury risk: part 3—flexibility, power, speed, balance, and agility. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 33(6), 1723-1735.
- Sharma, S. K., & Sridhar, K. (2019). Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on explosive power. International Journal of Physical Education Sports Management and Yogic Sciences, 9(1), 9-12.
- Vescovi, J., & Vanheest, J. L. (2010). Effects of an anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program on performance in adolescent female soccer players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 20(3), 394-402.
_||_- Aghaalinajad, H., GHarakhanlu, R., & Yosefvand, S. (2009). Estimation of anaerobic power with a new zigzag jump test called Tarbiat Modares Anaerobic Test (TMAT). Olympic,16(2), 97-108.
- Apong, P. E. (2019). Nutrition and Dietary Recommendations for Bodybuilders. In Nutrition and enhanced sports performance (pp. 737-750): Elsevier.
- Arazi, H., Damirchi, A., Moghadam, M. G., & Samadi, A. (2011). Effects of concurrent exercise protocols on strength, aerobic power, flexibility and body composition. Kinesiology: International journal of fundamental and applied kinesiology, 43(2), 155-162.
- Arazi, H., Faraji, H., & Taheri Gandomani, R. (2007). A comparative study of effects of weight training and plymetrics on athlete’s runining pace and explosive power. Harakat, 28(2), 5-19.
- Asadi, A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Arazi, H., & Sáez de Villarreal, E. (2018). The effects of maturation on jumping ability and sprint adaptations to plyometric training in youth soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 36(21), 2405-2411.
- Baharirad, N., Komasi, S., Khatooni, A., Moradi, F., & Soroush, A. (2019). Frequency and Causes of Consuming Sports Supplements and Understanding their Side Effects Among Bodybuilders in Fitness Gyms of Kermanshah City. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 15(7), 735-744.
- Banyard, H. G., Tufano, J. J., Delgado, J., Thompson, S. W., & Nosaka, K. (2019). Comparison of the effects of velocity-based training methods and traditional 1RM-percent-based training prescription on acute kinetic and kinematic variables. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 14(2), 246-255
- Bertini, I., Pujia, A., & Giampietro, M. (2003). A follow-up study of the variations in the body composition of karate athletes. Acta diabetologica, 40(1), s142-s144.
- Bianco, A., Mammina, C., Paoli, A., Bellafiore, M., Battaglia, G., Caramazza, G., Jemni, M. (2011). Protein supplementation in strength and conditioning adepts: knowledge, dietary behavior and practice in Palermo, Italy. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 8(1), 25.
- Bompa, T. (2009). The theory And Training Methodology (Training Science). (M. Kordi & M. Faramarzi, Trans. Vol. 1). tehran: samt Publication, 552.
- Bortolotti, H., Pereira, L. A., Oliveira, R. S., Cyrino, E. S., & Altimari, L. R. (2013). Carbohydrate mouth rinse does not improve repeated sprint performance. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 15(6), 639-645.
- Chester, M. V., & Allenby, B. (2019). Toward adaptive infrastructure: flexibility and agility in a non-stationarity age. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 4(4), 173-191.
- Cooper, R., Naclerio, F., Allgrove, J., & Larumbe-Zabala, E. (2014). Effects of a carbohydrate and caffeine gel on intermittent sprint performance in recreationally trained males. European journal of sport science, 14(4), 353-361.
- Currell, K., Conway, S., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2009). Carbohydrate ingestion improves performance of a new reliable test of soccer performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 19(1), 34-46.
- De Moraes, W. M., de Almeida, F. N., dos Santos, L. E., Cavalcante, K. D., Santos, H. O., Navalta, J. W., & Prestes, J. (2019). Carbohydrate Loading Practice in Bodybuilders: Effects on Muscle Thickness, Photo Silhouette Scores, Mood States and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Journal of sports science & medicine, 18(4), 772.
- Elbadry, N., Hamza, A., Pietraszewski, P., Alexe, D. I., & Lupu, G. (2019). Effect of the French Contrast Method on Explosive Strength and Kinematic Parameters of the Triple Jump Among Female College Athletes. Journal of human kinetics, 69, 225.
- Falahmohammadi, Z., Pouramir, Z., Sadeghpour, B., & Samavati, M. (2011). The effect of short-term folic acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine levels in young active men following an exhausting exercise session. Olympic, 13(4), 149-159.
- Fraser, B. J., Blizzard, L., Tomkinson, G. R., Lycett, K., Wake, M., Burgner, D., ... & Olds, T. (2019). The great leap backward: changes in the jumping performance of Australian children aged 11− 12-years between 1985 and 2015. Journal of sports sciences, 37(7), 748-754.
- Gaeini, A. A., Choobineh, S., Shafiei Neek, L., Satarifard, S., & Mahmoodzadeh, M. (2012). Effect of Zinc supplementation on serum testosterone and plasma lactate in male cyclist after one bout of exhaustive exercise. journal of shahrekord university of medical sciences, 14(3), 51-61.
- Ghasemnejad, M., & Iranisefat, S. (2013). Women's Fitness Reference (Vol. 1). Tehran: Publication Nashvarzesh, 230.
- Gualdi-Russo, E., & Zaccagni, L. (2001). Somatotype, role and performance in elite volleyball players. Journal of Sports Medicine and physical fitness, 41(2), 256.
- Hammami, M., Gaamouri, N., Shephard, R. J., & Chelly, M. S. (2019). Effects of Contrast Strength vs. Plyometric Training on Lower-Limb Explosive Performance, Ability to Change Direction and Neuromuscular Adaptation in Soccer Players. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 33(8), 2094-2103.
- Hervás, G., Ruiz-Litago, F., Irazusta, J., Fernández-Atutxa, A., Fraile-Bermúdez, A. B., & Zarrazquin, I. (2018). Physical activity, physical fitness, body composition, and nutrition are associated with bone status in university students. Nutrients, 10(1), 61.
- Iraki, J., Fitschen, P., Espinar, S., & Helms, E. (2019). Nutrition recommendations for bodybuilders in the off-season: A narrative review. Sports, 7(7), 154.
- Ishihara, T., Morita, N., Nakajima, T., Okita, K., Yamatsu, K., & Sagawa, M. (2018). Direct and indirect relationships of physical fitness, weight status, and learning duration to academic performance in Japanese schoolchildren. European journal of sport science, 18(2), 286-294.
- Jorkesh, M., & Sadri, A. (2012). Nutrition and Applied Physiology in Sport (Vol. 1). tehran: varzesh Publication
- Kazemzadeh, Y. (2012). Effects of Carbohydrate-Protein Intake During Exercise on Hormonal Changes and Muscular Strength After 12-Week Resistance training. Journal of Basic Applied Scientific Research, 2(6), 5945-5951.
- Kerksick, C. M., Wilborn, C. D., Roberts, M. D., Smith-Ryan, A., Kleiner, S. M., Jäger, R., . . . Galvan, E. (2018). ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 38.
- Lit, A. (2009). Sports nutrition for children, Adolescent and youth (F. Rahmaninia, N. Aghaii, S. Shadmehri, & N. Habibzadeh, Trans. Vol. 1). tehran: Nashvarzesh Publication
- Luebbers, P. E., Potteiger, J. A., Hulver, M. W., Thyfault, J. P., Carper, M. J., & Lockwood, R. H. (2003). Effects of plyometric training and recovery on vertical jump performance and anaerobic power. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 17(4), 704-709.
- Lynch, S. (2013). The differential effects of a complex protein drink versus isocaloric carbohydrate drink on performance indices following high-intensity resistance training: a two-arm crossover design. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 10(1), 31.
- Morris, J., Nevill, M., Thompson, D., Collie, J., & Williams, C. (2003). The influence of a 6.5% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on performance of prolonged intermittent high-intensity running at 30 C. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(5), 371-381.
- Nabavi, M., & Khaldan, A. (2006). Effect of Football Exercise Program on Physical Fitness Factors of 11-17-year-old boys. Harkat, 22(1), 87-104.
- Noobrega, A. C., Paula, K. C., & Carvalho, A. C. G. (2005). Interaction between resistance training and flexibility training in healthy young adults. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 19(4), 842-846.
- Sarah, J., Lisman, P., Gribbin, T. C., Murphy, K., & Deuster, P. A. (2019). Systematic review of the association between physical fitness and musculoskeletal injury risk: part 3—flexibility, power, speed, balance, and agility. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 33(6), 1723-1735.
- Sharma, S. K., & Sridhar, K. (2019). Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on explosive power. International Journal of Physical Education Sports Management and Yogic Sciences, 9(1), 9-12.
- Vescovi, J., & Vanheest, J. L. (2010). Effects of an anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program on performance in adolescent female soccer players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 20(3), 394-402
