Blockchain-Based Internet of Vehicles in Green Smart City: Applications and Challenges and Solutions
الموضوعات :
yashar salami
1
(Department of Computer and Information Technology Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran)
Fahimeh Taherkhani
2
(Department of Computer and Information TechnologyEngineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran)
yaser ebazadeh
3
(Department of Computer Engineering, Germi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Germi. Iran)
morteza nemati
4
(Department of Computer and Information Technology Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran)
Vahid Khajehvand
5
(Department of Computer and Information TechnologyEngineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran)
Esmaeil Zeinali
6
(Department of Computer and Information TechnologyEngineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: energy, Blockchain, IoV, Green Smart City,
ملخص المقالة :
The ever-increasing growth of the population and their concentration in cities has destructive and often catastrophic effects on natural habitats and human life and exposes cities to painful crises, including environmental and human destruction, which has caused humans to turn to technologies emerging to reduce environmental risks. Blockchain is a new and revolutionary technology in the world's management systems. The blockchain network allows individuals, governments, and organizations to implement any transaction securely on this network. With the Internet of Things expansion and the emergence of the Internet of Vehicles, green smart cities, and integration of these technologies with the blockchain network, human life quality has increased. However, new technical and environmental challenges have emerged by combining IoV applications with the blockchain network in expanding green smart cities. This article examines the concepts and advantages of the blockchain network, and then the applications of IoV in green smart cities are analyzed. Then the technical and environmental challenges of IoV are discussed, and finally, solutions for the environmental and technical challenges are presented.
Abdelmaboud, Abdelzahir, Abdelmuttlib Ibrahim Abdalla Ahmed, Mohammed Abaker, Taiseer Abdalla Elfadil Eisa, Hashim Albasheer, Sara Abdelwahab Ghorashi, and Faten Khalid Karim. 2022. “Blockchain for IoT Applications: Taxonomy, Platforms, Recent Advances, Challenges and Future Research Directions.” Electronics (Switzerland) 11(4):1–35. doi: 10.3390/electronics11040630.
Alayi, Reza, Alfian Ma’arif, Yaser Ebazadeh, Ferydon Gharadaghi, Farnaz Jahanbin, and Nima Shafaghatian. 2022. “Optimization of Renewable Energy Consumption in Charging Electric Vehicles Using Intelligent Algorithms.” Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) 3(2):138–42.
Alayi, Reza, Ehsan Sobhani, and Atabak Najafi. 2020. “Analysis of Environmental Impacts on the Characteristics of Gas Released from Biomass.” Anthropogenic Pollution 4(1):1–14.
Al Anazi, Abeer Abdullah, Oriza Candra, Abdeljelil Chammam, Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon, Inas Ridah Ali, Ibrahim H. Al-Kharsan, Reza Alayi, Yaser Ebazadeh, and Morteza Aladdin. 2023. “Modeling and Investigating Electric Power Output Maximization for Piezoelectric Energy Harvester.” AIP Advances 13(5).
Azam, Farooque, Arun Biradar, Neeraj Priyadarshi, Sneha Kumari, and Shrikant Tangade. 2021. “A Review of Blockchain Based Approach for Secured Communication in Internet of Vehicle (IoV) Scenario.” Pp. 1–6 in 2021 Second International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (ICSTCEE). IEEE.
Bagga, Palak, Ashok Kumar Das, Vinay Chamola, and Mohsen Guizani. 2022. “Blockchain-Envisioned Access Control for Internet of Things Applications: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Directions.” Telecommunication Systems 81(1):125–73. doi: 10.1007/s11235-022-00938-7.
Balcerzak, Adam P., Elvira Nica, Elżbieta Rogalska, Miloš Poliak, Tomáš Klieštik, and Oana-Matilda Sabie. 2022. “Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts in Decentralized Governance Systems.” Administrative Sciences 12(3):96.
Belchior, Rafael, André Vasconcelos, Sérgio Guerreiro, and Miguel Correia. 2021. “A Survey on Blockchain Interoperability: Past, Present, and Future Trends.” ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 54(8):1–41.
Biswas, Manju, Debashis Das, Sourav Banerjee, Amrit Mukherjee, Waleed AL-Numay, Utpal Biswas, and Yudong Zhang. 2023. “Blockchain-Enabled Communication Framework for Secure and Trustworthy Internet of Vehicles.” Sustainability 15(12):9399.
Chen, Lei, and Cristofer Englund. 2015. “Cooperative Intersection Management: A Survey.” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 17(2):570–86.
Contreras-Castillo, Juan, Sherali Zeadally, and Juan Antonio Guerrero-Ibañez. 2017. “Internet of Vehicles: Architecture, Protocols, and Security.” IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5(5):3701–9.
Demestichas, Konstantinos, Nikolaos Peppes, Theodoros Alexakis, and Evgenia Adamopoulou. 2020. “Blockchain in Agriculture Traceability Systems: A Review.” Applied Sciences 10(12):4113.
Devi, Anju, Geetanjali Rathee, and Hemraj Saini. 2022. “Secure Blockchain-Internet of Vehicles (B-IoV) Mechanism Using DPSO and M-ITA Algorithms.” Journal of Information Security and Applications 64:103094.
Ebazadeh, Yaser, Reza Alayi, and Maedeh Kiani Sakaleh. 2021. “Designing a Mobile Tourism Program and Achieving Sustainable Development.” Anthropogenic Pollution 5(2):74–84.
Elsagheer Mohamed, Samir A., and Khaled A. Alshalfan. 2021. “Intelligent Traffic Management System Based on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV).” Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021(c). doi: 10.1155/2021/4037533.
Elsagheer Mohamed, Samir A., Mohammad T. Parvez, Khaled A. Alshalfan, Mahmoud Y. Alaidy, Mohammed A. Al-Hagery, and Mohamed T. Ben Othman. 2021. “Autonomous Real-Time Speed-Limit Violation Detection and Reporting Systems Based on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV).” Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021. doi: 10.1155/2021/9888789.
Francisco, Kristoffer, and David Swanson. 2018. “The Supply Chain Has No Clothes: Technology Adoption of Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency.” Logistics 2(1):2.
Gao, Junting, Chunrong Peng, Tsutomu Yoshinaga, Guorong Han, Siri Guleng, and Celimuge Wu. 2023. “Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Vehicles Applications.” Electronics 12(6):1335.
Ghodusinejad, Mohammad Hasan, Younes Noorollahi, and Rahim Zahedi. 2022. “Optimal Site Selection and Sizing of Solar EV Charge Stations.” Journal of Energy Storage 56:105904.
Ghoshchi, A. V, R. Zahedi, Z. M. Pour, and A. Ahmadi. 2022. “Machine Learning Theory in Building Energy Modeling and Optimization: A Bibliometric Analysisa.” J Mod Green Energy 1(4).
Hofmann, Frank, Simone Wurster, Eyal Ron, and Moritz Böhmecke-Schwafert. 2017. “The Immutability Concept of Blockchains and Benefits of Early Standardization.” Pp. 1–8 in 2017 ITU Kaleidoscope: Challenges for a Data-Driven Society (ITU K). IEEE.
Hossinimand, negin, Masoomeh Yaghoobi, Habib Shahhosseini, and Ali Javan Forouzandeh. 2021. “Evaluation of qualitative-perceptual components of green spaces in promoting the sense of satisfaction and vitality of the residents of the surrounding areas (Examples of Elgoli Park and Valiasr Park in Tabriz). ” Journal of Geography and planning 25(10):61-79
Kapassa, Evgenia, and Marinos Themistocleous. 2022. “Blockchain Technology Applied in IoV Demand Response Management: A Systematic Literature Review.” Future Internet 14(5):136.
Kapassa, Evgenia, Marinos Themistocleous, Klitos Christodoulou, and Elias Iosif. 2021. “Blockchain Application in Internet of Vehicles: Challenges, Contributions and Current Limitations.” Future Internet 13(12). doi: 10.3390/fi13120313.
Lo, Sin Kuang, Xiwei Xu, Mark Staples, and Lina Yao. 2020. “Reliability Analysis for Blockchain Oracles.” Computers & Electrical Engineering 83:106582.
Mendiboure, Leo, Mohamed Aymen Chalouf, and Francine Krief. 2020. “Survey on Blockchain-Based Applications in Internet of Vehicles.” Computers & Electrical Engineering 84:106646.
Mohamed, Samir A. Elsagheer, Khaled A. Alshalfan, Mohammed A. Al-hagery, Mohamed Tahar, and Ben Othman. 2022. “Safe Driving Distance and Speed for Collision Avoidance in Connected Vehicles.”
Mohammadiun, Mohammad, Mojtaba Montazeri, Hamid Mohammadiun, Meisam Sadi, and Mohammad Hossein Dibaee Bonab. 2022. “Thermodynamic Analysis of Utilization of Horizontal Geothermal Heat Pump for Optimizing Energy Consumption and Reducing CO2 Emission (Case Study: Shahrood City, Iran).” Anthropogenic Pollution 6(1):66–74.
Pourrahmani, Hossein, Adel Yavarinasab, Rahim Zahedi, Ayat Gharehghani, Mohammad Hadi Mohammadi, and Parisa Bastani. 2022. “The Applications of Internet of Things in the Automotive Industry: A Review of the Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Engines.” Internet of Things 100579.
Salami, Yashar, Yaser Ebazadeh, and Vahid Khajehvand. 2021. “CE-SKE: Cost-Effective Secure Key Exchange Scheme in Fog Federation.” Iran Journal of Computer Science 4(3):1–13.
Salami, Yashar, and Vahid Khajehvand. 2020. “SMAK-IOV: Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme and Key Exchange Protocol in Fog Based IoV.” Journal of Computer & Robotics 13(1):11–20.
Salami, Yashar, and Vahid Khajehvand. 2021. “LSKE: Lightweight Secure Key Exchange Scheme in Fog Federation” edited by B. Xiao. Complexity 2021:4667586.
Salami, Yashar, Vahid Khajehvand, and Esmaeil Zeinali. 2023a. “SAIFC: A Secure Authentication Scheme for IOV Based on Fog-Cloud Federation.” Security and Communication Networks 2023.
Salami, Yashar, Vahid Khajehvand, and Esmaeil Zeinali. 2023b. “SOS-FCI: A Secure Offloading Scheme in Fog–Cloud-Based IoT.” The Journal of Supercomputing 1–31.
Salami, Yashar, Vahid Khajevand, and Esmaeil Zeinali. 2023. “Cryptographic Algorithms: A Review of the Literature, Weaknesses and Open Challenges.” Journal of Computer & Robotics 16(2):46–56.
Shah, Krushali, Swapnil Chadotra, Sudeep Tanwar, Rajesh Gupta, and Neeraj Kumar. 2022. “Blockchain for IoV in 6G Environment: Review Solutions and Challenges.” Cluster Computing 1–29.
Sharma, Surbhi, and Baijnath Kaushik. 2019. “A Survey on Internet of Vehicles: Applications, Security Issues & Solutions.” Vehicular Communications 20:100–182.
Song, Yanxing, Yuchuan Fu, F. Richard Yu, and Li Zhou. 2020. “Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Vehicles with Cooperative Positioning: A Deep Neural Network Approach.” IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7(4):3485–98.
Ullah, Zaib, Muddasar Naeem, Antonio Coronato, Patrizia Ribino, and Giuseppe De Pietro. 2023. “Blockchain Applications in Sustainable Smart Cities.” Sustainable Cities and Society 104697.
Yang, Rebecca, Ron Wakefield, Sainan Lyu, Sajani Jayasuriya, Fengling Han, Xun Yi, Xuechao Yang, Gayashan Amarasinghe, and Shiping Chen. 2020. “Public and Private Blockchain in Construction Business Process and Information Integration.” Automation in Construction 118:103276.
Yuan, Tingting, Wilson da Rocha Neto, Christian Esteve Rothenberg, Katia Obraczka, Chadi Barakat, and Thierry Turletti. 2022. “Machine Learning for Next‐generation Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Survey.” Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 33(4):e4427.
Zavolokina, Liudmila, Rafael Ziolkowski, Ingrid Bauer, and Gerhard Schwabe. 2020. “Management, Governance and Value Creation in a Blockchain Consortium.” MIS Quarterly Executive 19(1):1–17.
Saad, A. ., Ali, E. ., El-Didamony, M. ., & Azam, M. . (2023). The kinetics of strawberry quality changes during the shelf-life . Current Research in Agricultural Sciences, 10(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.18488/cras.v10i1.3304.
Fazeli, S., Abdollahi, N., Imani Marrani, H., Malekizade, H., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2019). A new robust adaptive decentralized tube model predictive control of continuous time uncertain nonlinear large-scale systems. Cogent Engineering, 6(1), 1680093.
Gazijahani, F. S., Hosseinzadeh, H., Tagizadeghan, N., & Salehi, J. (2017, 19-20 April 2017). A new point estimate method for stochastic optimal operation of smart distribution systems considering demand response programs. Paper presented at the 2017 Conference on Electrical Power Distribution Networks Conference (EPDC).
Hadi Bonab, S., Abazari, R., Bagheri Vakilabad, A., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2020). Generalized metric spaces endowed with vector-valued metrics and matrix equations by tripled fixed point theorems. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2020, 1-16.
Hosseinzadeh, H., Jabbari, A., & Razani, A. (2013). Fixed-Point Theorems and Common Fixed-Point Theorems on Spaces Equipped With Vector-Valued Metrics. Ukrainian Mathematical Journal, 65(5), 814-822. doi:10.1007/s11253-013-0819-1
