Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Darkness Phobia
الموضوعات : فصلنامه شبیه سازی و تحلیل تکنولوژی های نوین در مهندسی مکانیکمجید اسلامی 1 , حمیدرضا حاجی میرزاعلیان 2 , افسانه کرباسی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مکانیک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خمینی شهر
2 - استاد، دانشکده مکانیک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خمینی شهر
3 - استاد، دانشکده روانپزشکی، دانشگاه اصفهان
الکلمات المفتاحية: virtual reality, exposure therapy, Fear of the darkness, Phobia,
ملخص المقالة :
Virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy is a common treatment for phobia and the efficacy of this technique has proved. The darkness phobia is one of the most common disorders among the children. This is the first research about the darkness phobia and using VR to treat the patients. The VR system designed in this article is composed from two parts: Mechatronic devices and graphics unit. As a child spends most of his/her time at home, the home environment was simulated in the graphics unit. Also by using the mechatronic devices the head motions of the patients were applied to the graphics unit to close more the VR system to the reality. The treatment was conducted two sessions per week over three months. The results showed that the VR graded exposure therapy was successful for reducing fear of the darkness in children. In addition, the feedbacks of interacting with system from the patients were too satisfactory
[1] Parsons T.D., Rizzo A.A., Affective outcomes of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and specific phobias: A meta-analysis, Journal of Behavior Therapy Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 39, 2008, pp. 250–261.
[2] Morina N., Brinkman W.P., Hartanto D., Emmelkamp P.M.G., Sense of presence and anxiety during virtual social interactions between a human and virtual humans., Peer Journal(PeerJ). Vol. 2, 2014, pp. 337-343.
[3] North M.M., North S.M. Coble Jr., Virtual reality therapy: an effective treatment for phobias. Journal of Stud Health Technology Information, vol. 58, 1998, pp. 112-119.
[4] Krijn M, Emmelkamp P.M.G, Olafsson R.P., R Biemond. Virtual reality exposure therapy of anxiety disorders: A review, Journal of Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 24, Issue 3, 2004, pp. 259–281.
[5] Botella C., Banos R.M., Perpina C., Villa H., Alcaniz M., Rey A., Virtual reality treatment of claustrophobia: a case report. Journal Behavior Research and Therapy, vol. 36, Issue 2, 1998, pp. 239–246.
[6] Opdyke D, Williford JS, North M., Effectiveness of computer-generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 152, Issue 4, 1995, pp. 626-628.
[7] Powers MB, Emmelkamp PMG, Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 22, Issue 3, 2008, pp. 561–569.
[8] Emmelkamp P.M.G., Krijn M., Hulsbosch A.M., Vries S., Schuemie M.J., Van der Mast C.A. Virtual reality treatment versus exposure in vivo: a comparative evaluation in acrophobia, Journal of Behavior Research and Therapy, vol. 40, Issue 5, 2002, pp. 509–516.
[9] Kraft D., Kraft T., Use of In Vivo and In Vitro Desensitization in the Treatment of Mouse Phobia: Review and Case Study, Journal of Contemporary Hypnosis, vol. 27, 2010, pp. 184–194.
[10] Baños R.M., Botella C., Perpiñá C., Alcañiz M., Lozano J.A., Osma J., Virtual Reality Treatment of Flying Phobia, IEEE Transaction Information Technology of Biomedical. vol. 6, 2002 206–212.
[11] Klein R.A., Philipe D., Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Fear of Flying, Journal of Contemporary of Psychother. vol. 30, 2000, pp. 311-318.
[12] Olasov R. B, Hodges L., Samantha S., Hwan L.J., Larry P., A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 68, No. 6, 2000, pp. 1020-1026.
[13] Maltby N., Kirsch I., Mayers M., Allen G., Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of fear of flying: A controlled investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 70, No. 5, 2002, pp. 1112-1118.
[14] Costa R.T., Sardinha A., Nardi A.E., Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of fear of flying, Journal of Aviation, Space and. Environmental Medicine, vol. 79, 2008, pp. 899–903.
[15] Rothbaum B.O., Anderson P., Zimand E., Hodges L., Lang D., Wilson J., Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy and Standard (in Vivo) Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Fear of Flying, Journal of Behavior Therapy, vol. 37, 2006, pp. 80–90.
[16] M. Rus-Calafell, J. Gutiérrez-Maldonado, C. Botella, Baños R.M., Virtual reality exposure and imaginal exposure in the treatment of fear of flying: a pilot study, Journal of Behavior and Modification, vol. 37, 2013, pp. 568–90.
[17] Thomaz R., Regine M., Egidio A., Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Driving Phobia, Journal of Psicologia, vol. 26, 2010, pp.131–137.
[18] David G., Elizabeth J. Kathleen O., Brenda W., Exploring the Use of Computer Games and Virtual Reality in Exposure Therapy for Fear of Driving Following a Motor Vehicle Accident. Journal of CyberPsychology & Behavior, vol. 6, No. 3, 2003, pp. 329-334.
[19] Jaye W., Steven T., Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy to treat driving phobia: a case report. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 31, No. 3, 2000, pp. 249–257.
[20] Jaye W., Steven T., Preliminary Research on the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy to Treat Driving Phobia. Journal of Cyber Psychology & Behavior, vol. 6, No. 5, 2003, pp. 459-465.
[21] Mühlberger A., Bülthoff H., Wiedemann G., Pauli P., Virtual reality for the psychophysiological assessment of phobic fear: Responses during virtual tunnel driving, Journal of Psychological Assessment, vol. 19, No. 3, 2007, pp. 340-346.
[22] www.unity.com
