Investigating the performance of hydroponic green fodder and simplified heat transfer model of nanofarm for agricultural engineering application

الموضوعات : فصلنامه شبیه سازی و تحلیل تکنولوژی های نوین در مهندسی مکانیک

Amirreza Esmaeili ¹ , Hamidreza Bahrami ² , Rozita Hajian ³ , Mohsen Karimian ⁴ , Ehsan Shokrani ⁵

1 - Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 - Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
3 - Knowledge-based Company (Royeshgar), Isfahan Science Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran
4 - Knowledge-based Company (Royeshgar), Isfahan Science Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran
5 - Knowledge-based Company (Royeshgar), Isfahan Science Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 20 الأحد , ذو القعدة, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 20 الأربعاء , جمادى الأولى, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 05 الخميس , صفر, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: Hydroponics, Nanofarm, Forage cultivation, Simulator, Mechanical features,

ملخص المقالة :

In this study, root length and number of roots in forage production were investigated by hydroponic nanofarm chamber. For this purpose, specific amount of corn was planted in a special metal nanofarm culture room in two floors equipped with automatic control system. After 6 and 7 days of growth of corn from treated and non-treated sample were randomly selected. The amount of performance of the nanofarm was considered as humidity, temperature, and light parameters. In this research, an experimental observation on nanofarm device was done to check the grow and cultivate corn fodder with and without 202020 fertilizers. Also, the evaluated NFT system was used for prediction and simulation of hydroponic nanofarm. According to our study, there are more than 900 different agricultural products used to make animal feed in which green fodder has the most important response in the agriculture field. The efficiency of seed to fodder in this system is about 1 Kg to 7 Kg of seed (barley), an average of 7 Kg of barley fresh fodder hydroponic can be obtained. This system can have less waste product and higher efficiency. One of the main goals of the control system in Nanofarms is to control the temperature of the internal environment of Nanofarm. In the discussion of nanoform heat transfer, various methods of heat transfer, including conduction, displacement, and radiation are of interest.

المصادر:

 

• Widiastuti, S., Nugraha, N. A. P., Rani, D. M., & Rahayu, T. P. (2022). Evaluation of Corn Fodder Hydroponic Nutrient Content As a Substitute of Forgive Livestock Feed. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu, 10(1), 28-38.


• Nugroho, H. D., & Permana, I. G. (2015). Utilization of bioslurry on maize hydroponic fodder as a corn silage supplement on nutrient digestibility and milk production of dairy cows. Media Peternakan, 38(1), 70-76.


• Salas Perez, L., Esparza Rivera, J. R., Preciado Rangel, P., Álvarez Reyna, V. D. P., Meza Velazquez, J. A., Velazquez Martinez, J. R., & Murillo Ortiz, M. (2012). Yield, nutritional quality, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of hydroponic green fodder of greenhouse produced corn under organic fertilization. Interciencia, 37(3), 215-220.


• Soto Bravo, F., & Ramírez Víquez, C. (2018). Effect of mineral nutrition on the yield and bromatological characteristics of corn hydroponic green forage.


• Al Ajmi, A., Salih, A. A., Kadim, I., & Othman, Y. (2009). Yield and water use efficiency of barley fodder produced under hydroponic system in GCC countries using tertiary treated sewage effluents. Journal of phytology, 1(5).


• Albert, G., Alonso, N., Cabrera, A., Rojas, L., & Rosthoj, S. (2016). Evaluación productiva del forraje verde hidropónico de maíz, avena y trigo. Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias.


• Chuin Lim, W., Nadzir, M. N. H. M., Hiew, M. W. H., Mamat, M., Nazli, M. H., & Shohaimi, S. (2022). Potential of Open-Air Hydroponic System in Producing Highly Nutritional Composition Maize Fodder for Goat Farming. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 45(1).


• Widiastuti, S., Nugraha, N. A. P., Rani, D. M., & Rahayu, T. P. (2022). Evaluation of Corn Fodder Hydroponic Nutrient Content As a Substitute of Forgive Livestock Feed. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu, 10(1), 28-38.


• AlShrouf, A. (2017). Hydroponics, aeroponic and aquaponic as compared with conventional farming. American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 27(1), 247-255.


• Li, X., Tian, S., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Wang, J., & Lu, Y. (2021). Broccoli microgreens juice reduces body weight by enhancing insulin sensitivity and modulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J obese mice. European Journal of Nutrition, 1-11.


• Lobiuc, A., Vasilache, V., Oroian, M., Stoleru, T., Burducea, M., Pintilie, O., & Zamfirache, M. M. (2017). Blue and red LED illumination improves growth and bioactive compounds contents in acyanic and cyanic Ocimum basilicum L. microgreens. Molecules, 22(12), 2111.


• Lu, Y., Dong, W., Alcazar, J., Yang, T., Luo, Y., Wang, Q., & Chen, P. (2018). Effect of preharvest CaCl2 spray and postharvest UV-B radiation on storage quality of broccoli microgreens, a richer source of glucosinolates. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 67, 55-62.


• Mir, S. A., Farooq, S., Shah, M. A., Sofi, S. A., Dar, B. N., Hamdani, A. M., & Khaneghah, A. M. (2021). An overview of sprouts nutritional properties, pathogens and decontamination technologies. LWT, 110900.


• Paradiso, V. M., Castellino, M., Renna, M., Gattullo, C. E., Calasso, M., Terzano, R., ... & Santamaria, P. (2018). Nutritional characterization and shelf-life of packaged microgreens. Food & function, 9(11), 5629-5640.


• Pinto, E., Almeida, A. A., Aguiar, A. A., & Ferreira, I. M. (2015). Comparison between the mineral profile and nitrate content of microgreens and mature lettuces. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 37, 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2014.06.018.


• Reed, E., Ferreira, C. M., Bell, R., Brown, E. W., & Zheng, J. (2018). Plantmicrobe and abiotic factors influencing Salmonella survival and growth on alfalfa sprouts and Swiss chard microgreens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 84, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02814-17.


• Renna, Massimiliano, et al. "Culinary assessment of self-produced microgreens as basic ingredients in sweet and savory dishes." Journal of culinary science & technology 15.2 (2017): 126-142.


• Samuolienė, G., Brazaitytė, A., Jankauskienė, J., Viršilė, A., Sirtautas, R., Novičkovas, A. & Duchovskis, P. (2013). LED irradiance level affects growth and nutritional quality of Brassica microgreens. Central European Journal of Biology, 8(12), 1241-1249.


• Stoleru, T., Ionitᾰ, A., & Zamfirache, M. (2016). Microgreens—A new food product with great expectations. Romanian Journal of Biology, 61, 7–16.


• Sun, J., Kou, L., Geng, P., Huang, H., Yang, T., Luo, Y., & Chen, P. (2015). Metabolomic assessment reveals an elevated level of glucosinolate content in CaCl2 treated broccoli microgreens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63, 1863–1868. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf504710r.


• Tan, L., Nuffer, H., Feng, J., Kwan, S. H., Chen, H., Tong, X., & Kong, L. (2020). Antioxidant properties and sensory evaluation of microgreens from commercial and local farms. Food Science and Human Wellness, 9(1), 45-51.


• Treadwell, D. D., Hochmuth, R., Landrum, L., & Laughlin, W. (2010). Microgreens: A new specialty crop. EDIS, 2010(3).


• Torkan, E., & Pirmoradian, M. (2019). Efficient higher-order shear deformation theories for instability analysis of plates carrying a mass moving on an elliptical path. Journal of Solid Mechanics, 11(4), 790-808.


• Moradi, J., Shahinzadeh, H., Khandan, A., & Moazzami, M. (2017). A profitability investigation into the collaborative operation of wind and underwater compressed air energy storage units in the spot market. Energy, 141, 1779-1794.


• Karamian, E., Nasehi, A., Saber-Samandari, S., & Khandan, A. (2017). Fabrication of hydroxyapatite-baghdadite nanocomposite scaffolds coated by PCL/Bioglass with polyurethane polymeric sponge technique. Nanomedicine Journal, 4(3), 177-183.


• Heydary, H. A., Karamian, E., Poorazizi, E., Heydaripour, J., & Khandan, A. (2015). Electrospun of polymer/bioceramic nanocomposite as a new soft tissue for biomedical applications. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 3(4), 417-425.


• Torkan, E., Pirmoradian, M., & Hashemian, M. (2017). Occurrence of parametric resonance in vibrations of rectangular plates resting on elastic foundation under passage of continuous series of moving masses. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 17(9), 225-236.


• Khandan, A., & Esmaeili, S. (2019). Fabrication of polycaprolactone and polylactic acid shapeless scaffolds via fused deposition modelling technology. Journal of Advanced Materials and Processing, 7(4), 16-29.


• Azmi, N. H., Ismail, M., Ismail, N., Imam, M. U., Alitheen, N. B. M., & Abdullah, M. A. (2015). Germinated brown rice alters Aβ (1-42) aggregation and modulates Alzheimer’s disease-related genes in differentiated Human SH-SY5Y cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015.


• Baenas, N., Gómez-Jodar, I., Moreno, D. A., García-Viguera, C., & Periago, P. M. (2017). Broccoli and radish sprouts are safe and rich in bioactive phytochemicals. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 127, 60-67.


• Banihani, S. A. (2017). Radish (Raphanus sativus) and diabetes. Nutrients, 9(9), 1014.


• Barrientos Carvacho, H., Pérez, C., Zúñiga, G., & Mahn, A. (2014). Effect of methyl jasmonate, sodium selenate and chitosan as exogenous elicitors on the phenolic compounds profile of broccoli sprouts. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(12), 2555-2561.


• Bhandari, S. R., Jo, J. S., & Lee, J. G. (2015). Comparison of glucosinolate profiles in different tissues of nine Brassica crops. Molecules, 20(9), 15827-15841.


• Brown, R. H., Reynolds, C., Brooker, A., Talalay, P., & Fahey, J. W. (2015). Sulforaphane improves the bronchoprotective response in asthmatics through Nrf2-mediated gene pathways. Respiratory research, 16(1), 1-12.


• Cho, J. S., & Kim, H. (2014). Quality characteristics of muffins by the addition of dried barley sprout powder. Korean journal of food and cookery science, 30(1), 1-10.


• Eslami, M., Mokhtarian, A., Pirmoradian, M., Seifzadeh, S. A., & Rafiaei, S. M. (2020). Designing and creating a virtual reality environment and a wearable glove with control and evaluation capability to rehabilitate patients. Journal of Health and Biomedical Informatics, 7(2), 161-170.


• Highsmith, M. C. (2022). Feeding the Cities: A Business Plan to Establish Hydroponic Gardening in Urban Communities.


• Jing, J., Zhang, S., Yuan, L., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Wen, Y., & Zhao, B. (2022). Humic acid complex formation with urea alters its structure and enhances biomass production in hydroponic maize. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 102(9), 3636-3643.


• Kalniņš, M., Andersone-Ozola, U., Gudrā, D., Sieriņa, A., Fridmanis, D., Ievinsh, G., & Muter, O. (2022). Effect of bioaugmentation on the growth and rhizosphere microbiome assembly of hydroponic cultures of Mentha aquatica. Ecological Genetics and Genomics, 22, 100107.


• Evancho, B. E. (2022). Defining the Nitrogen Requirement for Guayule Growth in a Semi-Hydroponic System and Root Growth of Transplants and Direct-Seed Plants (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Arizona).


• Saeedi, M. R., Morovvati, M. R., & Mollaei-Dariani, B. (2020). Experimental and numerical investigation of impact resistance of aluminum–copper cladded sheets using an energy-based damage model. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42(6), 1-24.


• Kardan-Halvaei, M., Morovvati, M. R., & Mollaei-Dariani, B. (2020). Crystal plasticity finite element simulation and experimental investigation of the micro-upsetting process of OFHC copper. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 30(7), 075005.


• Fazlollahi, M., Morovvati, M. R., & Mollaei Dariani, B. (2019). Theoretical, numerical and experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical deep drawing of steel/polymer/steel sandwich sheets. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 233(5), 1529-1546.


• Saeedi, M. R., Morovvati, M. R., & Alizadeh-Vaghasloo, Y. (2018). Experimental and numerical study of mode-I and mixed-mode fracture of ductile U-notched functionally graded materials. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 144, 324-340.


• Morovvati, M. R., & Mollaei-Dariani, B. (2018). The formability investigation of CNT-reinforced aluminum nano-composite sheets manufactured by accumulative roll bonding. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 95(9), 3523-3533.


• Morovvati, M. R., & Dariani, B. M. (2017). The effect of annealing on the formability of aluminum 1200 after accumulative roll bonding. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 30, 241-254.


• Morovvati, M. R., Lalehpour, A., & Esmaeilzare, A. (2016). Effect of nano/micro B4C and SiC particles on fracture properties of aluminum 7075 particulate composites under chevron-notch plane strain fracture toughness test. Materials Research Express, 3(12), 125026.


• Fatemi, A., Morovvati, M. R., & Biglari, F. R. (2013). The effect of tube material, microstructure, and heat treatment on process responses of tube hydroforming without axial force. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 68(1), 263-276.


• Pourmoghadam, M. N., Esfahani, R. S., Morovvati, M. R., & Rizi, B. N. (2013). Bifurcation analysis of plastic wrinkling formation for anisotropic laminated sheets (AA2024–Polyamide–AA2024). Computational materials science, 77, 35-43.


• Morovvati, M. R., Fatemi, A., & Sadighi, M. (2011). Experimental and finite element investigation on wrinkling of circular single layer and two-layer sheet metals in deep drawing process. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 54(1), 113-121.


• Morovvati, M. R., Mollaei-Dariani, B., & Haddadzadeh, M. (2010). Initial blank optimization in multilayer deep drawing process using GONNS. Journal of manufacturing science and engineering, 132(6).


• Fatemi, A., Biglari, F., & Morovvati, M. R. (2010). Influences of inner pressure and tube thickness on process responses of hydroforming copper tubes without axial force. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 224(12), 1866-1878.


• Anarestani, S. S., Morovvati, M. R., & Vaghasloo, Y. A. (2015). Influence of anisotropy and lubrication on wrinkling of circular plates using bifurcation theory. International Journal of Material Forming, 8(3), 439-454.


• Monfared, R. M., Ayatollahi, M. R., & Isfahani, R. B. (2018). Synergistic effects of hybrid MWCNT/nanosilica on the tensile and tribological properties of woven carbon fabric epoxy composites. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 96, 272-284.


• Kamarian, S., Bodaghi, M., Isfahani, R. B., & Song, J. I. (2021). Thermal buckling analysis of sandwich plates with soft core and CNT-Reinforced composite face sheets. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 23(8), 3606-3644.


• Kamarian, S., Bodaghi, M., Isfahani, R. B., & Song, J. I. (2022). A comparison between the effects of shape memory alloys and carbon nanotubes on the thermal buckling of laminated composite beams. Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 50(7), 2250-2273.


• Barbaz-I, R. (2014). Experimental determining of the elastic modulus and strength of composites reinforced with two nanoparticles (Doctoral dissertation, Doctoral dissertation, MSc Thesis, School of Mechanical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran).


• Fada, R., Farhadi Babadi, N., Azimi, R., Karimian, M., & Shahgholi, M. (2021). Mechanical properties improvement and bone regeneration of calcium phosphate bone cement, Polymethyl methacrylate and glass ionomer. Journal of Nanoanalysis, 8(1), 60-79.


• Shahgholi, P. Firouzi, O. Malekahmadi, S. Vakili, A. Karimipour, M. Ghashang, W. Hussain, Hawraa A. Kareem, S. Baghaei, Fabrication and characterization of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite reinforced with silica-magnetite nanoparticles with proper thermal conductivity, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2022.


• Lucchini, D. Carnelli, D. Gastaldi, M. Shahgholi, R. Contro, P. Vena, A damage model to simulate nanoindentation tests of lamellar bone at multiple penetration depth, in: ECCOMAS 2012 - European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, E-Book Full Papers, 2012, pp. 5919–5924.


• Moshayedi, A. J., Jinsong, L., & Liao, L. (2019). AGV (automated guided vehicle) robot: Mission and obstacles in design and performance. Journal of Simulation and Analysis of Novel Technologies in Mechanical Engineering, 12(4), 5-18.


• Esfahani, O. T., & Moshayedi, A. J. (2014). Accuracy of the Positioning Systems for the Tracking of Alzheimer's Patients-A Review. International Journal of Applied Electronics in Physics & Robotics, 2(2), 10-16.


• Moshayedi, A. J., & Gharpure, D. C. (2012, March). Priority based algorithm for Plume tracking Robot. In 2012 1st International Symposium on Physics and Technology of Sensors (ISPTS-1) (pp. 51-54). IEEE.


• Moshayedi, A. J., Roy, A. S., Kolahdooz, A., & Shuxin, Y. (2022). Deep learning application pros and cons over algorithm. EAI Endorsed Transactions on AI and Robotics, 1, 1-13.


• Moshayedi, A. J., Li, J., & Liao, L. (2021, June). Simulation study and PID tune of automated guided vehicles (agv). In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Virtual Environments for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIVEMSA) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.


• Moshayedi, A. J., Gheibollahi, M., & Liao, L. (2020). The quadrotor dynamic modeling and study of meta-heuristic algorithms performance on optimization of PID controller index to control angles and tracking the route. IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation, 9(4), 256.


• Moshayedi, A. J., Roy, A. S., & Liao, L. (2019). PID Tuning Method on AGV (automated guided vehicle) Industrial Robot. Journal of Simulation and Analysis of Novel Technologies in Mechanical Engineering, 12(4), 53-66.


• Abbasi, A., MahmoudZadeh, S., Yazdani, A., & Moshayedi, A. J. (2022). Feasibility assessment of Kian-I mobile robot for autonomous navigation. Neural Computing and Applications, 34(2), 1199-1218.


• Moshayedi, A. J., Roy, A. S., Liao, L., & Li, S. (2019, December). Raspberry Pi SCADA zonal based system for agricultural plant monitoring. In 2019 6th International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering (ICISCE) (pp. 427-433). IEEE.


• Jahangir Moshayedi, A., Xu, G., Liao, L., & Kolahdooz, A. (2021). Gentle Survey on MIR Industrial Service Robots: Review & Design. Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production, 10(1), 31-50.


• Moshayedi, A. J., Roy, A. S., Sambo, S. K., Zhong, Y., & Liao, L. (2022). Review On: The Service Robot Mathematical Model. EAI Endorsed Transactions on AI and Robotics, 1, 1-19.


• Moshayedi, A. J., Chen, Z. Y., Liao, L., & Li, S. (2022). Sunfa Ata Zuyan machine learning models for moon phase detection: algorithm, prototype and performance comparison. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 20(1), 129-140.


• Salmani, M. M., Hashemian, M., Yekta, H. J., Nejad, M. G., Saber-Samandari, S., & Khandan, A. (2020). Synergic effects of magnetic nanoparticles on hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery for bone substitute application. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 33(9), 2809-2820.


• Aghdam, H. A., Sanatizadeh, E., Motififard, M., Aghadavoudi, F., Saber-Samandari, S., Esmaeili, S. & Khandan, A. (2020). Effect of calcium silicate nanoparticle on surface feature of calcium phosphates hybrid bio-nanocomposite using for bone substitute application. Powder Technology, 361, 917-929.


• Baddadi, S., Bouadila, S., Ghorbel, W., & Guizani, A. (2019). Autonomous greenhouse microclimate through hydroponic design and refurbished thermal energy by phase change material. Journal of Cleaner Production, 211, 360-379.


• Tanaka, Y., Kawashima, S., Hama, T., & Nakamura, K. (2017). Thermal mitigation of hydroponic green roof based on heat balance. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 24, 92-100.