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رقم المقالة : ASCIJ-2301-1458 (R1) زيارة : 321 الصفحة: 1 - 23

10.22034/ascij.2023.1978217.1458

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

مروری بر تحلیل بیولوژیک نظریه تکاملی داروین بر منشاء پیدایش حیات سلولی در زمین

الموضوعات : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

نعیمه شیبائی 1 (گروه کشاورزی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران)

تاريخ الإرسال : 18 الأربعاء , صفر, 1444 تاريخ التأكيد : 15 الأحد , جمادى الثانية, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 07 الأربعاء , صفر, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: تکامل داروین, پیدایش اولیه سلول, پیدایش حیات, نظریه سلولی, زیست شناسی سلولی,

ملخص المقالة :

نحوه پیدایش زندگی سلولی هنوز نامعلوم است. با توجه به نظریه تکاملی داروین مبنی بر اینکه همه گونه‌های حیات، در اثر فرایند انتخاب طبیعی، از یک نیای مشترک نشات گرفته اند، برخی منشأ حیات را فرآیندی تصادفی فرض کرده اند که طی آن حیات از مواد غیرزنده مانند ترکیبات آلی ساده به وجود آمده است. فرضیه غالب این است که گذار از موجودات غیرزنده به موجودات زنده یک رویداد واحد نبود، بلکه یک فرآیند تکاملی پیچیده ای بوده که پس از شکل گیری زمین بعد از انفجار بزرگ، در اثر تبدیل ملکول های معدنی به ملکول های آلی شروع شده و سپس با ایجاد خود بخودی ملکول های آلی با قابلیت خود همانندسازی، مونتاژ، اتوکاتالیزی و سپس ظهور غشای سلولی، طبیعت توانسته است بهترین ترکیباتی که قابلیت گسترش در زمین را داشته اند انتخاب نموده و بعنوان سلول پروکاریوت و در مراحل بعدی بعنوان اجداد سلول‌های یوکاریوتی برای زندگی در زمین گسترش دهد. در این تحقیق، ابعاد مختلف احتمال پیدایش تصادفی سلول اولیه تشریح شده و چالش های مربوط به آنها از جنبه های مختلف علوم زیست شناسی سلولی و ژنتیک بررسی می شود.

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