The Role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 in Acne Vulgaris of Iraqi Patients
الموضوعات :
Ayat A. Hammood
1
(Ministery of health – AL-Shatrah General Hospital, Iraq)
Hind M. Mousa
2
(Department of Pathological Analysis, Faculty of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq)
تاريخ الإرسال : 28 السبت , شعبان, 1442
تاريخ التأكيد : 18 السبت , صفر, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 05 الخميس , صفر, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
Inflammation,
Acne vulgaris,
Cytokine,
Toll-like receptors-2,
ملخص المقالة :
The study was set up to investigate the role of Toll-like receptors-2 (TLR-2) in acne vulgaris. TLR-2 is a member of the innate immune system; it's a group of transmembrane receptors that recognize special microbial structures like pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) lead to the production of cytokine and inflammation. Ninety persons from both genders are included in the study, forty-five of them were patients and the same number was as control. Blood samples were taken from both groups and by using an ELISA kit, TLR-2 was estimated. The findings of the study referred that the adolescent, young adult and female gender was more effective in acne, and the male to female ratio was 1:1.25. Also, people with positive family history were more susceptible to acne. On the other hand, the results indicated there was a significant increase in sera levels of TLR-2 in patients with acne vulgaris compared to the controls group. Also, TLR-2 had a significant positive correlation with the severity of acne (p˃0.05, r=0.5). We concluded that adolescent, young adult, female gender, and positive family history appeared to be the most possible factors associated with acne vulgaris. Also, It's illustrated that the high levels of TLR-2 in acne and the positive correlation of TLR-2 with acne severity, revealed that TLR-2 has a role in the bad prognosis of acne vulgaris.
المصادر:
Ranoa D.R.E., 2014. Defining the mechanisms of microbial sensing among members of the toll-like receptor 2 sub-family . University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Jiang Y., Chen H., Han L., Xie X., Zheng Y., Lai W., 2020. Altered Gene Expression in Acne Vulgaris Patients Treated by Oral Isotretinoin: A Preliminary Study. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine. 13, 385–395.
Kupper T.S., Fuhlbrigge R.C., 2004. Immune surveillance in the skin: Mechanisms and clinical consequences. Nature Reviews Immunology. 4(3), 211–222.
Jusuf N.K., Putra I.B., Sari L., 2020. Differences of microbiomes found in non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions of acne vulgaris. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 13, 773–780.
Rajegowda H.M., Suman B.S., Madegowda S.K., Kalegowda D., Rajendra B.S., 2021. A clinicoepidemiological study of adult acne among females: Is it surpassing the adolescent acne? Clinical Dermatology Review. 5(1), 71.
Cong T.X., Hao D., Wen X., Li X.H., He G., Jiang, X., 2019. From pathogenesis of acne vulgaris to anti-acne agents. Archives of Dermatological Research. 311(5), 337–349.
Kim J., Durai P., Jeon D., Jung I.D., Lee S.J., Park Y.M., Kim Y., 2018. Phloretin as a potent natural TLR2/1 inhibitor suppresses TLR2-induced inflammation. Nutrients. 10(7), 1–12.
Kurokawa I., Danby F.W., Ju Q., Wang X., Xiang L.F., Xia L., Chen W.C., Nagy I., Picardo M., Suh D.H., Ganceviciene R., Schagen S., Tsatsou F., Zouboulis C.C., 2009. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment. In Experimental Dermatology. pp. 821–832.
Valins W., Amini S., Berman B., 2010. The expression of toll-like receptors in dermatological diseases and the therapeutic effect of current and newer topical toll-like receptor modulators. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 3(9), 20.
Lehmann H.P., Robinson K.A., Andrews J.S., Holloway V., Goodman S.N., 2002. Acne therapy: A methodologic review. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 47(2), 231–240.
Sharquie K.E., Noaimi A.A., Al-Janabi E.A., 2013. Treatment of Active Acne Vulgaris by Chemical Peeling Using TCA 35%. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications. 3(3), 32–35.
Chen X., Song H., Chen S., Zhang J., Niu G., Liu X., 2015. Clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe facial acne vulgaris. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10(3), 1194–1198.
Dreno B., Martin R., Moyal D., Henley J.B., Khammari A., Seité S., 2016. Skin microbiome and acne vulgarus: Stuphylococcus, a new actor in acne. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. 38(1), 42–49.
Jung J.Y., Yoon M.Y., Min S.U., Hong J.S., Choi Y.S., Suh D.H., 2010. The influence of dietary patterns on acne vulgaris in Koreans. European Journal of Dermatology. 20(6), 768-772.
Nakase K., Aoki S., Sei S., Fukumoto S., Horiuchi Y., Yasuda T., Tanioka M., Sugai, J., Huh W.K.W., Kakuta M., Nomoto M., Shimada T., Watanabe M., Kobayashi M., Murakami S., Takeo C., Tsubouchi R., Hayashi N., Noguchi, N., 2020. Characterization of acne patients carrying clindamycin-resistant Cutibacterium acnes: A Japanese multicenter study. Journal of Dermatology. 47(8), 863–869.
Veena H., Narayanaswamy Shilpa K., Leelavathy B., Lakshmi D.V., 2020. Comparative analysis of serum lipid profile in adults with and without acne vulgaris in a tertiary care center in South India. Clinical Dermatology Review. 4(2), 160.
Rasool L.M., 2017. Study of bacterial causative agents of acne and the effect of some antibiotics on them. Al-Fath Journal. 72, 1–10.
Dréno B., 2017. What is new in the pathophysiology of acne, an overview? Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 31, 8–12.
Halvorsen J.A., Dalgard F., Thoresen M., Bjertness E., Lien L., 2009. Is the association between acne and mental distress influenced by diet? Results from a cross-sectional population study among 3775 late adolescents in Oslo, Norway. BMC Public Health, 9, 1–8.
Mousa H.M., 2010. Isolate and diagnose the bacteria associated with acne injuries and study the effect of some of the factors associated with the appearance of acne to a sample of students of the Faculty of Education at the University of Thi Qar. Journal of the College of Education. 1(1), 159–168.
Muhammed N., Dabbagh R., 2016. Isolation and identification of microorganisms in acne patients. Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences. 20(2), 1330–1336.
Awan S.Z., Lu J., 2017. Management of severe acne during pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature. International Journal of Women’s Dermatology. 3(3), 145–150.
Albuquerque R.G.R., Rocha M.A.D., Bagatin E., Tufik S., Andersen M.L., 2014. Could adult female acne be associated with modern life? Archives of Dermatological Research. 306(8), 683–688.
Tan A.U., Schlosser B.J., Paller A.S., 2018. A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients. International Journal of Women’s Dermatology. 4(2), 56–71.
Collier C.N., Harper J.C., Cantrell W.C., Wang W., Foster K.W., Elewski B.E., 2008. The prevalence of acne in adults 20 years and older. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 58(1), 56–59.
Uhlenhake E., Yentzer B.A., Feldman S.R., 2010. Acne vulgaris and depression: A retrospective examination. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 9(1), 59–63.
Hosthota A., Bondade S., Basavaraja V., 2016. Impact of acne vulgaris on quality of life and self-esteem. Cutis, 98(2), 121–124.
Cho E.B., Ha J.M., Park E.J., Kim K.H., Kim K.J., 2014. Heredity of acne in Korean patients. Journal of Dermatology. 41(10), 915–917.
Bataille V., Snieder H., Macgregor A.J., Sasieni P., Spector T.D., 2002. The Influence of Genetics and Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Acne: A Twin Study of Acne in Women. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 119(6), 1317–1322.
Naif A.A.H., Hassan B.A., Alkhafaji A.T.T., 2015. Acne vulgaris in Iraq ; new predisposing factors. University of Thi-Qar Journal of Medicine. 10(2), 37–44.
Suh D.H., Kim B.Y., Min S.U., Lee D.H., Yoon M.Y., Kim N.I., Kye Y.C., Lee E.S., Ro Y.S., Kim K.J., 2011. A multicenter epidemiological study of acne vulgaris in Korea. International Journal of Dermatology. 50(6), 673–681.
Bagatin E., Freitas T.H., Rivitti-Machado M.C., Ribeiro B.M., Nunes S., Rocha M.A., 2019. Adult female acne: a guide to clinical practice. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 94, 62-75.
Iftikhar U., Choudhry N., 2019. Serum levels of androgens in acne and their role in acne severity. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 35(1), 146–150.
Fathy A., Mohamed R.W., Ismael N.A., El-Akhras M.A., 2009. Expression of toll-like receptors on peripheral monocytes of patients with inflammatory and noninflammatoy acne vulgaris. Egypt Journal Immunol. 16(1), 127-34.
Tenaud I., Khammari A., Dreno B., 2007. In vitro modulation of TLR-2, CD1d and IL-10 by adapalene on normal human skin and acne inflammatory lesions. Experimental Dermatology, 16(6), 500–506.
Selway J.L., Kurczab T., Kealey T., Langlands K., 2013. Toll-like receptor 2 activation and comedogenesis: implications for the pathogenesis of acne. BMC Dermatology. 13(1), 1–7.
Ozlu E., Karadag A.S., Ozkanli S., Oguztuzun S., Kilic M., Zemheri E., Akbulak O., Akdeniz N., 2016. Comparison of TLR-2, TLR-4, and antimicrobial peptide levels in different lesions of acne vulgaris. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. 35(4), 300–309.
Rocha M.A.D., Guadanhim L.R.S., Sanudo A., Bagatin E., 2017. Modulation of Toll like Receptor-2 on sebaceous gland by the treatment of adult female acne. Dermato-Endocrinology. 9(1), e1361570.
Nguyen C.T., Sah S.K., Kim T.Y., 2018. Inhibitory effects of superoxide dismutase 3 on Propionibacterium acnes-induced skin inflammation. Scientific Reports. 8(1), 1–12.
Dispenza M.C., Wolpert E.B., Gilliland K.L., Dai J.P., Cong Z., Nelson A.M.., Thiboutot D.M., 2012. Systemic isotretinoin therapy normalizes exaggerated TLR-2-mediated innate immune responses in acne patients. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 132(9), 2198–2205.
Zhu T., Wu W., Yang S., Li D., Sun D., He L., 2019. Polyphyllin I Inhibits Propionibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammation in vitro. Inflammation. 42(1), 35–44.
Nguyen A.T., Kim K.Y., 2020. Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammation in HaCaT Cells by Using Buddlejadavidii Aqueous Extract. International Journal of Inflammation. 1–8.
Hoppstädter J., Dembek A., Linnenberger R., Dahlem C., Barghash A., Fecher-Trost C., Fuhrmann G., Koch M., Kraegeloh A., Huwer H., Kiemer A.K., 2019. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Release by Macrophages: An Anti-inflammatory Program Induced by Glucocorticoids and Lipopolysaccharide. Frontiers in Immunology. 10, 1634.
Achermann Y., Goldstein E.J.C., Coenye T., Shirtliffa M.E., 2014. Propionibacterium acnes: From Commensal to opportunistic biofilm-associated implant pathogen. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 27(3), 419–440.
Shen X., Guo M., Yu H., Liu D., Lu Z., Lu Y., 2019. Propionibacterium acnes related anti-inflammation and skin hydration activities of madecassoside, a pentacyclictriterpenesaponin from Centellaasiatica. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 83(3), 561–568.
Dreno B., Gollnick H.P.M., Kang S., Thiboutot D., Bettoli V., Torres V., Leyden J., 2015. Understanding innate immunity and inflammation in acne: Implications for management. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 29(S4), 3–11.
Kim J., Ochoa M.T., Krutzik S.R., Takeuchi O., Uematsu S., Legaspi A.J., Brightbill H.D., Holland D., Cunliffe W.J., Akira S., Sieling P.A., Godowski P.J., Modlin R.L., 2002). Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Acne Triggers Inflammatory Cytokine Responses. The Journal of Immunology. 169(3), 1535–1541.
