Determination of Alkylphenols and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates in Some of the Textile Wastewater Samples in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh
الموضوعات :
Md. Shakir Ahmed
1
(
Ex-student (MSc), Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
)
Md. Rafiquzzaman
2
(
Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
)
تاريخ الإرسال : 16 الأحد , ربيع الثاني, 1443
تاريخ التأكيد : 28 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 12 الخميس , ذو القعدة, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
wastewater,
Organic compounds,
Alkylphenols,
Nonylphenols,
Alkylphenol Ethoxylates,
Nonylphenol Ethoxylates,
LC-MS,
ملخص المقالة :
Textile is one of the biggest industries and it has an enormous impact on the global economy. However, the textile industry is labelled as the most polluting of all the industries and this is due to its contaminated wastewater. Textile wastewater contains organic hazardous compounds like alkylphenols (APs) such as nonylphenols (NPs), and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) for example nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), which may come from various detergents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, etc. used in textile industries. Literature review revealed that no work was reported on the APs and APEOs in the textile wastewater of Bangladesh. This study reports the status of some APs and some APEOs after assessing wastewater of some textile industries in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Investigations were carried out with the wastewater of seven textile industries located in the Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. Tests were carried out by an Agilent Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS). The results revealed that none of the wastewater samples contained APs, and APEOs other than nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) a form of APEOs. And it might have released from the textile products treating stuff through dissolution process. Among all the seven industries, two industries (28%) contained nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs). The mean concentrations of the detected NPEOs were determined as 11.27 ± 0.24 µg L-1 and 14.01 ± 0.09 µg L-1 in the wastewater of the mentioned two industries. The levels of the observed concentrations of NPEOs were much higher than the specified limits for textile wastewater. Findings of the present work will create pressure on the textile industries of home and abroad for treating textile wastewater effectively and not letting APEOs cum NPEOs in the wastewater. And such activities all over will pave the way to save the ecological system.
المصادر:
1. World Bank. Overview of Bangladesh-Towards Accelerated, Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: Opportunities and Challenges.
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/280061468006660483/Main-report (Accessed June 5, 2020)
2. Sen S., Demirer G.N., 2003. Anaerobic treatment of real textile wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor. Water Research. 37(8), 1868-1878.
Ben M.H., Houas I., Montassar F., Ghedira K., Barillier D., Mosrati R., Chekir G.L., 2021. Alteration of in vitro and acute in vivo toxicity of textile dyeing wastewater after chemical and biological remediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 19(7), 2634-2643.
Ali M., Ahmed S., Khan M., 2010. Characteristics and Treatment Process of Wastewater in a Nylon Fabric Dyeing Plant. Journal of Chemical Engineering. 23, 1995-2005.
Joshi V., Santani D., 2012. Physicochemical Characterization and Heavy Metal Concentration in Effluent of Textile Industry. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology. 2(2), 93-96.
Hossain L., Sarker S.K., Khan M.S., 2018. Evaluation of present and future wastewater impacts of textile dyeing industries in Bangladesh. Environmental Development. 26, 23-33.
Kanu I. Achi O., 2011. Industrial effluents and their impact on water quality of receiving rivers in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Technology in Environmental Sanitation. 1, 75-86.
Islam M.R., Mostafa M.G., 2019. Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns - A Review. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources. 11(1&2), 131-144.
Mia R., Selim M., Shamim A.M., Chowdhury M., Sultana S., Armin M., Hossain M., Akter R., Dey S., Naznin H., 2019. Review on various types of pollution problem in textile dyeing & printing industries of Bangladesh and recommendation for mitigation. Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology. 5(4), 220-226.
European Chemicals Bureau. European Union Risk Assessment Report: 4-Nonylphenol (Branched) and Nonylphenol.
https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/43080e23-3646-4ddf-836b-a248bd4225c6. (Accessed April 10, 2020)
Ho H., Watanabe T., 2017. Distribution and Removal of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates and Nonylphenol from Textile Wastewater—A Comparison of a Cotton and a Synthetic Fiber Factory in Vietnam. Water. 9(6), 386.
12. Priac A., Crini N.M., Druart C., Gavoille S., Bradu C., Lagarrigue C., Torri G., Winterton P., Crini G., Alkylphenol and alkylphenol polyethoxylates in water and wastewater: A review of options for their elimination. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 10(2), 3749- 3773.
Rabbi M.A., Hossen J., Mirja M.S., Roy P.K., Shaheed S.B., Hasan M.M., 2018. Investigation of Waste Water Quality Parameters Discharged from Textile Manufacturing Industries of Bangladesh. Current World Environment. 13(2), 206-214.
Nahar K., Chowdhury M.A.K., Chowdhury M.A.H., Rahman A., Mohiuddin K.M., 2018. Heavy metals in handloom-dyeing effluents and their biosorption by agricultural byproducts. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 25(8), 7954- 7967.
15. Loos R., Hanke G., Umlauf G., Eisenreich S.J., LC–MS–MS analysis and occurrence of octyl- and nonylphenol, their ethoxylates and their carboxylates in Belgian and Italian textile industry, wastewater treatment plant effluents and surface waters. Chemosphere. 66(4), 690 -699.
Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999. List of Toxic Substances, Schedule 1 (c. 33). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-15.31/ (Accessed November 12, 2020).
Eurofins. Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) in textiles. http://www.eurofins.com/media/17648/apeo%20in%20textiles%20-%20en.pdf (Accessed July 20, 2020).
Nonylphenol (NP) and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEs) Action Plan (2016). US EPA (RIN 2070-ZA09. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-09/ documents/rin2070-za09_np-npes _ action _plan _final_ 2010-08-09. pdf (Accessed 13 October, 2020).
Method for the detection and determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) — Part 1: Method using HPLC-MS, ISO Standard 18254-1:2016. https://www.iso.org/standard/70906.html (Accessed April 7, 2020).
Madeleine Cobbing, Elisabeth Ruffinengo. Textiles: Stop the Chemical Overdose. https:// ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/WECF%20Executive%20Summery%20Textile%20Report.pdf (Accessed June 1, 2020).
The Chemicals in Products Project: Case Study of the Textiles Sector; United Nations Environment Program Dtie/Chemicals Branch: Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.health.gov.vc/health/images/PDF/cip_textile_case_study_report_21_feb_2011.pdf (Accessed September 21, 2020).
Soto A.M., Justicia H., Wray J.W., Sonnenschein C., 1991. p-Nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from "modified" polystyrene. Environmental Health Perspectives. 92, 167-171.
Comber M.H.I., Williams T.D., Stewart K.M., 1993. The effects of nonylphenol on Daphnia magna. Water Research. 27, 273-276.
Lozano N., Rice C.P., Pagano J., Zintek L., Barber L.B., Murphy E.W., Nettesheim T., Minarik T., Schoenfuss H.L., 2012. Concentration of organic contaminants in fish and their biological effects in a wastewater-dominated urban stream. Science of The Total Environment. 420, 191-201.
David A., Fenet H., Gomez E., 2009. Alkylphenols in marine environments: Distribution monitoring strategies and detection considerations. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 58(7), 953-960.
Detox to Zero by Oekotex- Manufacturing Restricted Substance List. Oeko-Tex Service GmbH, Zurich. https://www.oeko-tex.com/importedmedia/downloadfiles/DETOX_TO_ZERO_by_OEKO-TEX_R__-_Guideline.pdf (Accessed April 15, 2020).
European Chemical Agency. Substance Information. https://echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.105.533 (Accessed May 8, 2020).
Mansson N., Sorme L., Wahlberg C., Bergbäck B., 2008. Sources of Alkylphenols and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates in Wastewater—A Substance Flow Analysis in Stockholm, Sweden. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus. 8(5), 445-456.
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995. http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/bgd42272.pdf (Accessed June 4, 2020).
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules 1997. http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/bgd19918.pdf (Accessed June 4, 2020).
