The Phytochemical Changes of Violet Flowers (Viola cornuta) Response to Exogenous Salicylic Acid Hormone

الموضوعات :

N. Ghorbani ¹ ()
H. Moradi ² ()
V. Akbarpour ³ ()
A. Ghasemnezhad ⁴ ()

تاريخ الإرسال : 22 السبت , ربيع الثاني, 1435 تاريخ التأكيد : 20 الإثنين , صفر, 1440 تاريخ الإصدار : 28 الأحد , محرم, 1435

الکلمات المفتاحية: Salicylic acid, Anthocyanin, Quercetin, Rutin, Violet (Viola cornuta),

ملخص المقالة :

Violet is one of the ornamental plants with a good value in landscaping and herbal medicine. Salicylic acid is a signaling agent involving in secondary metabolite production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of violet flowers to exogenous salicylic acid. This experiment was conducted in the greenhouse, as a completely randomized design. Salicylic acid was sprayed on violet plants in four levels as 0, 0.1, 0.7, 1.5 mM and three replications. Flower diameter, flower stem length, fresh weight and dry matter percentage of violet flower were measured as morphological parametes. In laboratory parameters like antioxidant activity and anthocyanin variation were recorded using spectrophotometery method. The quercetin and rutin values were determined by HPLC. Results showed that salicylic acid significantly affected on flower diameter, total antioxidant capacity, rutin and quercetin contents. Therefore data analysis provides that high levels of salicylic acid increased morphological parameters and improved chemical substance involving to secondary metabolism promotion. Furthermore, using different concentrations of the hormone is required, to achieve the best quality and quantity of plant biomass and it is also necessary to achieve the best traits of ornamental and medicinal value

المصادر:

1. Asada K., Takahashi M., 1987. Production and scavenging of active oxygen in chloroplasts. In Kyle, D.J., Osmond, C.B., Arntzen, D.J., eds,Photoinhibition. Elsevier,Amsterdam, 227ââ‚‌“287.
2. Bayat H., Nemati S. H., Tehranifar A., VahdatiN., Salahvarzi Y., 2012. Effect of salycilic acid on growth and ornamental charctricticts of petunia under salt stress.Sciences and Technologys of Greenhouse Culture. 11:43-50.
3. Bernard F., Kargar Z., Shaker-Bazarnov H., Davarani S.S.H., 2003. Antagonistis effects of mannitol and SA on (+) - catechin accumulation in Camellia sinensis L. Calluses. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology. 27: 169-174.
4. Bernard F., Nouri M., MehrabiKushki Z., Shaker H., 2008. Comparison of physiological and biochemical responses of two separate pieces of cultivated varieties licorice to molybdenum and salicylic acid.ROSTANIHA.9 (1).89-81.
5. Ebrahimzadeh M. A., Nabavi S. M., Nabavi S. F., Bahramian F., Bekhradnia A. R., 2010. Antioxidant and ferr radical scavering activity of H.officinalis L. varangustifolius, V.odorata, B.hyrcana and C.speciosumPakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 23(1):.29-34.
6. Fazelian N., Asrar Z., 2011. Interaction of arsenic and salicylic acid on growth and some physiological indexes chamomile, Plant Biology, 8: 12-1.
7. Flok H., Translate TavakoliSaberi M., Sedaghat M., Publication Rouzbahan, Tehran, 2005.
8. Formica J. V., Regelson W., 1995. Review of the biology of quercetin and related bioflavonoids. Food Chem Toxicol. 33:1061ââ‚‌“1080.
9. GhasemiGhahsare, M.,Kafi M.,Scientific and practical floriculture.Publications Golbon,Vol.1, Isfahan 2007.
10. Ghorbani N., Akbarpour V., Yavari Z., 2013. Effect of salicylic acid on some growth and physiological traits of borage (Boragoofficinalis). Eighth Congress of Iranian Horticultural Science, Hamedan.
11. Ghorbani N., Moradi H., Akbarpour V., Ashnavar M., Yavari Z., 2013. Response of ornamental traits of two cultivars single and double Marigold (Calendula officinalis) in hormone salicylic acid. Second Congress of citrus, sari, iran.
12. Gutierrez-Coronado M.A., Trejo-Lopez C., Larqué-Saavedra A., 1998. Effects of salicylic acid on the growth of roots and shoots in soybean.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 36(8): 563-565.
13. Hashemi SH. F., Asrar Z., Pour Seyyedi SH., 2010. Effects of salicylic acid seed priming on growth and some physiological and biochemical indice cress (Lepidiumsativum). Journal of Plant Biology. 2(4): 1-10.
14. Hayat Q., Hayat Sh., Irfan M., Ahmad A., 2010. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing enveironment, a review Enviromentaland Experimental Botany. 68: 14-25.
15. Jabbarzadeh Z., Khosh-Khui M., Salehi H., 2009. The effect of foliar-applied salicylic acid on flowering of African Violet. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 3(4):4693-4696.
16. Jaber R., 2002. Respiratory and allergic diseases: from upper respiratory tract infections to asthma. Primary Care. 29(2): 231-261
17. Kamali M., Kharazi S. M., Salah Varzi, Y., Tehranifar A., 2011. Effect of salicylic acid on growth and some physiological characteristics of flower bud (Gompherna globosa L.) under salt stress. Journal of Horticultural Science (Agricultural Sciences and Technology). 26 (1):112-104.
18. Karimi M., 2006. Effects of temperature and various chemical treatments to increase the longevity of cut flowers lily. Master's thesis, university ogguilan. Iran.
19. Khandaker, L., Masumakond, A. S. M. G. and Oba, Sh., 2011. Foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth, yield and leafs bioactive compounds in Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.). Vegeteble Crops Research Bullein. 24: 77-86.
20. KhavariNejad R. A., Mehrabian S., Asadi A., 2004. Effect of salicylic acid on anthocyanins of infected Daisy medicinal plant. Journal of Science Teacher Education University. 4(3):427-438.
21. Khurama J. P. S., Cleland C. F., 1992. Role of salicylic acid and benzoic acid in flowering of photoperiodinsensitive strain, Lemna paucicostataLP6.Plant Physiology. 100: 1541-1546.
22. Kreft S, Knapp M., Kreft I., 1999. Extraction of rutin from buckwheat (FagopyrumesculentumMoench) seeds and determination by capillary electrophoresis,Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 47 (11):4649ââ‚‌“4652.
23. Mardani H., Bayat H., Azizi M., 2011. Effects of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and physiological solution sprayed cucumber seedlings under drought stress. Journal of Horticultural Science. 25 (3): 326-320.
24. Martens S., Mithofer A., 2005.Flavones and flavone synthases.Phytochemistry. 66:2399ââ‚‌“2407.
25. Mehrabian Moghaddam N., Arvin M. J., Khajuii NejadGh.,Maghsoudi K., 2011. Effect of salicylic acid on growth and grain yield in drought stress in the field.Journal of Seed and Plant Agricultural. 2-27 (1): 55-41.
26. Mehta RG, Murillo G., Naithani R., Peng X.J., 2010. Cancer chemoprevention by natural products: how far have we come? Pharmaceutical Research. 12:950ââ‚‌“961
27. Middleton J.R.E., Kandaswami C., 1994. The effect of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation,heart disease and cancer. Pharmacological reviews.52 (4): 675-751.
28. Moaveni P., Medicinal Plants,.Volume I, published by University of Shahreghods,2009
29. Momeni N., Arvin M. J., KhajuiiNejad GH.,Keramat B., Daneshmand F., 2012. Some effects of sodium chloride and salicylic acid on photosynthetic parameters and mineral nutrition of maize plants (Zea mays L.), Plant Biology. 15(5):30-15.
30. Moradi S., 2013. The effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid and putrescine on morphological and phytochemical water garden cress. Horticulture M.Sc. Thesis, University of agriculture and natural Resources, Sari.
31. Mueller M.J., Brodschelm W., Spannagl E., Zenk M.H., 1993. Signaling in the elicitation process is mediated through the octadecanoid pathway leading to jasmonic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90:7490ââ‚‌“4.
32. Popova L., Ananieva V., Hristova V., Christov K., Georgieva K., Alexieva V., StoinovaZh., 2003. Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate induced protection on photosynthesis to parquet oxidative stress. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology.Special Issue.133-152.
33. Qinghua S. H., Zhujun Z., 2008. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on manganese toxicity, element contents and antioxidative system in cucumber.Environmental and Experimental Botany. 63:317-326.
34. Raskin I., 1992. Role of salicylic acid in plantsAnnual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology., 43: 439ââ‚‌“463.
35. Samee W., Vorarat S., 2007. Simultaneous Determination of Gallic acid, Catechin, Rutin, Ellagic Acid and Quercetin in Flower Extracts of Micheliaalba,Caesalpiniapulcherrimaand Nelumbonuciferaby HPLC, Thai Pharmaceutical Health Science Journal 2(2):131-137.
36. Shakirova F. M., Sakhabutdinova A. R., BozrutkovaM. V., Fatkhutdinova R. A., Fatkhutdinova, D. R., 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity.Plant Science. 164: 317-322.
37. Shoskes D.A., Zeitlin S.I., Shahed A., Rajfer J., 1999. Quercetin in men with category III chronic prostatitis: a preliminary prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Urology. 54(6): 960-963.
38. Singh P.K., Chaturvedi V.K., Bose B., 2010. Effects of salicylic acid on seedling growth and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (Cucumissativus L.).Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry. 6(3):102-113.
39. Stewart L.K., Soileau J.L., Ribnicky D., Wang Z.Q., Raskin I., Poulev A., Majewski M., Cefalu W.T., GettysT.W., 2008. Quercetin transiently increases energy expenditure but persistently decreases circulating markers of inflammation in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental. 57: S39-S46
40. Sun Z., Hou S., Yang W., 2012. Exogenous application of salicylic acid enhanced the rutin accumulation and influenced the expression patterns of rutin biosynthesis related genes in FagopyrumtartaricumGaertn leaves, Plant Growth Regul. 68:9ââ‚‌“15.
41. Taiz L, Zeiger E. Plant Physiology.Benjemin Cummings Publishing Company, New York, 1999.
42. ValadAbadi S. A., Mohammad Beigi F., Daneshian J.,.Herbal medicines, Azad University of Shahreghodspublication,shahreghods, 2010.
43. Wanger G.J., 1979. Content and vacuole/extra vacuole distribution of neutral sugars, free amino acids and anthocyanins in protoplasts.Plant Physiology. 64: 88-93.
44. Zhang S., Klessig D. F., 1997. Salicylic acid activates a 48-KD MAP kinase in tobacco. Plant and Cell Physiology. 9: 809-824.