The Effect of Aluminium on Antibacterial Properties and the Content of Some Fatty Acids in Microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick, under Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Conditions
الموضوعات :
Hossein Abbaspour
1
,
Sahar Soleymanian
2
1 - Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
2 - Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Fatty Acids, Antibacterial, Autotrophic, Green algae Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick, Heterotrophic,
ملخص المقالة :
Microalgae are a group of organisms, which have a significant potential for industrial applications. These algae contain large amounts of lipids compounds that are beneficial to health, have antibacterial properties, and their extracted oil can be used for biofuel. In this study, microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick was grown in the culture medium BG-11 containing aluminium (AlCl3) under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. In each case, survival and growth, dry weight, internal aluminium content of the sample, antibacterial properties, the content of fatty acids accumulated in the algae and secreted into the culture medium in the logarithmic growth phase were studied. Aluminium significantly increased (P < .05) growth and dry weight in autotrophic treatment compared to the heterotrophic one. Most antibacterial properties were observed in methanol extracts of heterotrophic treatments containing 0.05% glucose. Aluminium also decreased fatty acids accumulation in the algae and increased fatty acids excretion into the culture medium in heterotrophic treatment compared to the autotrophic treatment. Survival of the sample was maintained in heterotrophic conditions and showed growth without lag phase, which is indicative of rapid acclimation of organisms in heterotrophic conditions. It seems that the mentioned characteristics make the single-celled green algae Chlorella vulgaris more efficient in different ways.
1. Kay R.A., 1991. Microalgae as food and supplement, crit. Rev Food Sci Nutr. 30, 557-573.
2. Funk C.D., 2001. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: Adv Eicosanoids Biol Sci. 294, 1871-1875.
3. Sayanova O.V., Napier J.A., 2004. Eicosapentaenoic acid: Biosynthesis routes and the potential for synthesis in transgenic plants. Phytochemistry. 65, 147-158.
4. Merchant R.E, Carmack C.A., Wise C.M., 2000. Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with fibromylagia syndrome: a pilot study. Phytother Res. 14(3), 167-173
5. Piorreck M., Baasch K.H., Pohl P., 1984. Biomass production, total protein, chlorophylls, lipids and fatty acids of freshwater green and blue-green algae under different nitrogen regimes. Phytochemistry. 23, 207-216.
6. Wen Z.Y., 2001. A High Yield and Productivity Strategy for Eicosapentaenoic Acid Production by the Diatom NitzschiaLaevis in Heterotrophic Culture.The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
7. El-Sheekh M.M., Fathy A.A., 2009.Variation of some nutritional constituents and fatty acid profiles of Chlorella vulgaris beijerinck grown under auto and heterotrophic conditions. Int J Botany. 5(2), 153-159.
8. Metting B., Pyne J.W., 1986. Biologically active compounds from microalgae. Enzyme Microbiol Technol. 8, 386-394.
9. Pratt R., Daniels T.C., Eiler J.B., Gunnison J.B., Kumler W.D., 1944. Chlorellin, an antibacterial substance from Chlorella. Science. 99, 351-352.
10. Bligh E.G., Dyer W.J. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physio. 37(8), 911-917.
11. Miller J.D.A., 1962. Fats and steroids. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Algae. R.A. ILewin, ed. Academic Press, London and New York. 357-70.
12. Milner H.W., 1948. The fatty acids of Chlorella. J Biol Chem. 176, 813-17.
13. Nichols B., 1965. Light-induced changes in the lipids of Chlorell1 vtulgaris. Biochem Bioplhys Acta. 106, 274-79.
14. Rocchetta I., Mazzuc V., Carmen M.R., 2006. Effect of chromium on the fatty acid composition of two strains of Euglena gracili. Environ Pollut. 141, 353-358. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.035
15. Afkar E., Ababna H. Fathi A.A., 2010. Toxicological Response of the Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris, to Some Heavy Metals. Am J Environ Sci. 6(3), 230-237.
16. Andersson M.E., Brunet J., 1993. Sensitivity to H and Al ions limiting growth and distribution of the woodland grass Bromus benekennii. Plant Soil. 153, 243-254.
17. Kinraide T.B., 1993. Aluminum enhancement of plant growth in acid rooting media. A case of reciprocal alleviation of toxicity by two toxic cations. Physiol Plant. 88, 619-625.
18. Clune T.S., Copeland L., 1999. E_ects of aluminium on canola roots. Plant Soil. 216, 27-33.
19. Ordog V., Stirk W.A., Lenobel R., Bancirova M., Strand M., Van Standen J., 2004. Screening microalgae for some potentially useful agricultural and pharmaceutical secondary metabolites. J Applied Phycol. 16, 309-314.
20. Ghasemi Y., Yazdi M.T., Shokravi Sh., Soltani N., Zarrini G., 2003. Antifungal and antibacterial activity of paddy fields Cyanobacteria from the North of Iran. J Sci Iran. 14, 203-209.
21. Schlegel I., Doan N.T., De Chazol N., Smith G.D., 1999. Antibiotic activity of new cyanobacterial isolates from Australia and Asia against green algae and cyanobacteria. J Applied Phycol. 10, 471-479.
22. Patterson G.M.L., Baker K.K., Baldwin C.L., Bolis C.M., Caplan F.R., 1993. Antiviral activity of cultured blue-green algae (Cyanophyta). J Phycol. 29, 125-130.
23. Flores E., Wolk C.P., 1986. Production, by filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, of a bacteriocin and of other antibiotics that kill related strains. Arch Microbiol. 145, 215-219.
24. Petkov G., Garcia G., 2007. Which are fatty acids of the green alga Chlorella? Biochem Syst Ecol. 35, 281-285.
25. Dickson L.G., Galloway R.A., Patterson G.W., 1969. Environmentally-Induced Changes in the Fatty Acids of Chlorellala .Plant Pliysiol. 41, 1413-1416.
26. Spoehr H.A. Milner H.W., 1949. Theclhemical composition of Chlorella; effect of environmental conditions. Plant Physiol. 24, 12-49.
27. Sorokin C., 1965. Carbon dioxide and cell division. Nature. 206, 35-37.
