Effect of Kiwi Shell and Incubation Time on Mobility of Lead and Cadmium in Contaminated Clay Soil

الموضوعات :

Bahareh Lorestani ¹ (Iran, Kurdestan, Marivan, Shahid Cheraghi St, Ros1 Alley,)
Chia Arjangi ² ()
Hajar Merrikhpour ³ ()

تاريخ الإرسال : 16 السبت , شعبان, 1435 تاريخ التأكيد : 20 الإثنين , صفر, 1440 تاريخ الإصدار : 20 الإثنين , صفر, 1440

الکلمات المفتاحية: Cadmium, Lead, incubation, mobility, Kiwi shell,

ملخص المقالة :

In this study, the effectiveness of kiwi shell was investigated to reduce the mobility of Lead and Cadmium in clay soil in different intervals. For this purpose a clay soil sample was contaminated with Lead and Cadmium in distinct dishes with 10 and 600 ppm concentrations respectively and mixed with 5% kiwi shell. Samples were placed in incubator, and then sampling of soil in incubator was performed in intervals 3 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Heavy metals concentrations were determined in different fractions of soil including exchangeable, carbonate, Fe-Mn oxides, organic matter, and residual with sequential extraction procedure and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that during incubation, Lead concentration in treatments with kiwi shell rather than control soil increased in carbonate from 19.48 to 26.18 and in organic matter from 9.06 to 18.66 percent. Exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxides and residual fractions decreased from 11.48 to 6.69, 45.72 to 39.83 and 14.21 to 7.90 percent respectively. In samples with absorbent compared with control soil, Cadmium concentration in carbonate and organic matter increased from 28.20 to 38.40 and 18.76 to 24.72, while in exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxides and residual decreased from 16.66 to 13.69, 37.25 to 19.65 and 6.24 to 3.61 percent respectively. This study revealed that kiwi shell function in decreasing Cadmium and Lead mobility in studied clay soil were increased with increasing incubation time, but Cadmium compared with Lead required additional time to transfer and mobility to constant and stable soil fractions such as, organic matter and Fe-Mn oxides.

المصادر:

1. Panahpour E., Efuni M., Hommaei M., Hoodji M., 2008. Cd, Cr and Co mobility in soil treated with sludge waste and salt of these metals and its adsorption by vegetables in east region of Isfahan. Journal of Water and Waste water. 3, 9-17.
2. Oliver M.A., 1997. Soil and human health, a review. European Journal of Soil Science 48, 573ââ‚‌“592.
3. Finzgar N., Kos B., Lestan D., 2006. Bio availability and mobility of Pb after soil treatment with different remediation methods. Plant Soil Environmental. 52 (1): 25ââ‚‌“34.
4. Mohammadirouzbahani M., Abedikoupaei J., 2009. Study of hyperacumulator plants application in remediation of soil contaminated with Ni. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 11(4): 449-457.
5. Ghorbani S., Tabandeh F., Yakhchali B., Mehnia M.R., 2008. Heavy metals, environment effects and its removing environmental procedures. Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 50.
6. Pouzeshshirazi M., Samavat S., Zolfibavaryani M., Fakhri F., Moradi G.H., 2011. Study of organic matter effect of different resources on physical and chemical properties of soil and plant function in Bushehr province.Soil studies two trimonthly 4(25): 285-293.
7. Khaleghi M., Golchin A., 2011. Immobilizing heavy metals in contaminated soil by different additives.Environmental Engineering Speciality Congress.
8. Pedersen M.B., Kjar C., Elmegaard N., 2000. Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Copper to black bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus) in relation to bioavailability and the age of soil contamination. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 39, 431- 439.
9. Lim T.T., Tay J.H., The C.I., 2002. Contaminant time effect on Lead and Cadmium fraction in tropical coastal clay. Journal of Environmental Quality. 31, 806ââ‚‌“812.
10. Bataillard P., Cambier P., Picot C., 2003. Short-term transformation of Lead and Cadmium compounds in soil after contamination. European Journal of Soil Science. 54, 365ââ‚‌“ 376.
11. Davies N.A., Hodson M.E., Black S., 2003. The influence of time on Lead toxicity and bioaccumulation determined by the OECD earthworm toxicity test. Environmental Pollution.121, 55ââ‚‌“61.
12. McGrath S.P., Cegarra J., 1992. Chemical extractability of heavy metals during and after long-term applications of sewage sludge to soil. European Journal of Soil Science. 43, 313-321.
13. Weng L., Temminghoff E.J., Lofts S., Tipping E., Van Riemsdijk W.H., 2001. Complexation with dissolved organic matter and solubility control of heavy metals in a sandy soil. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 36, 4804- 4810.
14. Almas A., Singh B.R., Salbu B., 1999. Ature and organic matter.Journal of Environmental Quality. 28, 1742-1750.
15. Strobel B.W., Borggard O.K., Hansen H.C.B., Andersen M.K., Raulund Rasmussen K., 2005. Dissolved organic carbon and decreasing pH mobilize Cadmium and Copper in soil. European Journal of Soil Science. 56, 189-196.
16. Montazeri N., Baher E., Barami Z., Ghourchbeigi M., 2010. Kiwi role in removing environmental contaminations and study of its effect factors (Regional study of kiwi in Tonekabon). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources and Science. 1(5) .
17. McBride M., Martinez C.E., Sauve S., 1998. Copper (ІІ) in aged suspensions of goethite and organic matter. SoilScience Society of America Journal. 62, 1542-1548.
18. Naidu R.P., Harter R.D., 1998. Efeect of different organic ligands on Cadmium sorption by and extractability from soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 62, 644-655.
19. Narwal R.P., Singh B.R., 1998. Effect of organic materials on partitioning extractability and plant uptake of metals in an alum shale soil. Water Air Soil Pollution. 103, 405-421.
20. Tessier A., Campbell P.G.C., Bisson M., 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. International journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 51, 231-235.
21. Galali M., khanlariVaraste Z., 2008. Effect of aging peocess on the fractionation of heavy metals in some calcareous soils of Iran. Geoderma. 143, 26-40.
22. Rowell D.I., 1994. Soil science method and application, longmangrop, Pp. 345 Limitation Score. Computers & Geosciences. 33, 1316-1326.
23. Salbu B., Krekling T., Oughton D.H., 1998. Characterization of radioactive particle in the environment. Analist. 123, 843-849.
24. Terzano M., 2007. Microscopic single particle characterization of zeolithes synthesized in a soil polluted by Copper or Cadmium and treated with coal fly ash. Journal Applied Clay Sience. 35, 128-138.
25. Lu A., Zhuzhen Z.H., Xiao- quan S.H., 2005. Time effect on the fractionation of heavy metals in soils. Geoderma. 125, 225-234.
26. Ahumada I., Escudero P., Carrasco A., Castillo G., Ascar L., Fuentes E., 2004. Use of sequential extraction to assess the influence of sewage sludge amendent on metal mobility in Chilean soils. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 6(4): 327-334.
27. Ghosh M., Singh S.P., 2005. A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of its byproducts. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 3(1): 1-18.
28. Young kim R., Kyung sung R.J., Cheolkim S., Choonjang B., Sik O.K.Y., 2010. Effect of calcined eggshell on fractional distribution and plant uptake of Cd, Pb and Zn in contaminated soils near mine.
29. th Word Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, Brisbane, Australia, 80-81.
30. Oluwatosin G.A., Adeyolano O.D., Dauda T.O., Akinbola G.E., 2008. Levels and geochemical fractions of Cd, Pb, and Zn in valley bottom soils of some urbancitiesnin south western Nigeria. African journal of Biotechnology. 7(19): 3455-3465.
31. Rasmos L., Hernandez L.M., Gonzalez M., 1994. Sequential fractionation of Copper, Lead, Cadmium and Zink in soils form or near Donana National park. Journal of Environmental Quality. 23, 50-57.
32. Sposito G., Lund L.J., Chang A.C., 1982. Trace metal chemistry in avidzone field soils amended with sewage sludge in fractionation of Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb in solid phases. America Journal of Soil Science Society. 46, 260-264.
33. McBride M.B., 2001. Heavy Metals in the Environment. Journal of Environmental Quality. 30, 78-84.
34. Clemente R., Escolar A., Bernal M., 2006. Heavy metals fractionation and organic matter mineralisation in contaminated amended with calcareous soil organic materials. Bio resource Technology. 97 (15): 1894-1901.
35. Rajai M., Karimian N., 2008. Effect of cadmium added and incubation time on chemical form sof cadmium in two group sof soil texture. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 11(1): 97-108.
36. Misra A.K., Sarkunan V., Das M., Nayar P.K., 1990. Transformation of added heavy metals in soils under flooded condition. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 38, 416-418.
37. Rieuwerts J.S., Thornton I., Farago M.E., Ashmore M.R., 1998. Factors influencing metal bioavailability in soils: preliminary investigations for the development of a critical loads approach for metals. Journal of Environmental Quality. 10, 61ââ‚‌“75.
38. Sauve S., McBride M.B., Hedershot W.H., 1997. Speciation of lead in contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution. 98, 149ââ‚‌“155.
39. Janssen R.P.T., Peijnenburg W.J.G.M., Posthuma L., Van Den Hoop M.A.G.T., 1997. Equilibrium partitioning of heavy metals in Dutch field soils.1. Relationship between metal partitioning coefficient and soil characteristics. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 16(12): 2470 - 2478.
40. Neal R.H., Sposito G., 1986. Effects of soluble organic matter and sewage sludge amendments on Cd sorption by soils at low cadmium concentrations. Soil Science. 142, 164ââ‚‌“172.
41. Sabir M., Ghafoor A., Saifullah U.R., Muhammad Z., Murteza G., 2008. Effect of organic amendents and incubation time on extractability of Ni and others metals from contaminated soils. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 45(1): 18-24.
42. Kasraei P., 2010. Cadmium. Electronic Journal of Ecology. 1-3.
43. Erfanmanesh M. Efuni M. Environment contamination (water, soil, air), Arkan: Esfahan, 2006. 15 - 40.
44. Cui Y.S., Du X., Weng L.P., Zhu Y.G., 2008. Effect of rice straw on the speciation of Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) in soils. Geoderma 146, 370-377.
45. Karaca A., 2004. Effect of organic wastes on the extractability of Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc in soil. Geoderma. 122, 297-303.