Preconcentration and determination of palladium water samples by ionic liquid - dispersive liquid liquid microextraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry
الموضوعات : Journal of the Iranian Chemical ResearchMajid Ramezani 1 , Mohsen Heidarzadeh 2 , Fatemeh Yousefi 3
1 - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, Arak, Iran
2 - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, Arak, Iran
3 - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, Arak, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Ionic liquid, Dispersive liquid liquid microextraction, Palladium determination, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,
ملخص المقالة :
A simple, rapid and efficient dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction by use of ionic liquid (IL-DLLME)method, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was developed for the preconcentrationand determination of palladium in water samples. In this method, an appropriate mixture of acetone and octylmethyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate was injected rapidly into the aqueous sample containingpalladium-DDTC complex, as a result cloudy mixture was formed. After extraction of palladium complexinto fine droplet, the mixture was centrifuged. As a result, fine organic drop was setteled in the bottom of testtube. After remove of aqueous solution and dilution of organic phase; it was introduced into the flame atomicabsorption by microsampler injector. Several parameters influencing the microextraction efficiency, such asthe nature and volume of organic solvent, pH of aqueous solution, amount of complexing agent, stirring rateand extraction time were investigated and optimized. The applicability of technique was evaluated bydetermination of trace amounts of palladium in several water samples. Under the optimum conditions, theenhancement factor was 83. The limit of detection, 2.8 μgL−1 and relative standard deviation (RSD) 4.31 %(n=10) were obtained.
[1] Precious Metal Division, Johnson Matthey Chemical Company (web page http://www.matthey.com
/divisions/precious).
[2] Environmental Health Criteria of Palladium (web page http:// www.who.int/ipcs//publications/ehc/en/ehc
226.pdf).
[3] M. Rezaee, Y. Assadi, M.R.M. Hosseini, E. Aghaee, F. Ahmadi, S. Berijani, J. Chromatogr. A 1116
(2006) 1–9.
[4] S. Wilkes, J.A. Levisky, R.A. Wilson, C.L. Hussey, Inorg. Chem. 21 (1982) 1263–1264.
[5] J.Howarth, Tetrahedron Lett 41 (2000) 6627–6629.
[6] T.Kitazume, F. Zulfiqar,G. Tanaka,Molten salts as a reusablemedium for the preparation of heterocyclic
compounds, Green Chem 2 (2000) 133–136.
[7] G. Buhler, A. Zharkouskaya, C. Feldmann, Solid State Sci. 10 (2008) 461–465.
[8] C.F. Poole, B.R. Kersten, S.S.J. Ho, M.E. Coddens, K.G. Furton, J. Chromatogr. 352 (1986) 407–425.
[9] J.J. Peng, Y.Q. Deng, New J. Chem. 25 (2001) 639–641.
[10] T. Ahmadzadeh Kokya, K. Farhadi, J. Hazard. Mater. 169 (2009) 726–733.
[11] M. Shamsipur, M. Ramezani,M. Sadeghi Microchim Acta 166 (2009) 235–242.
[12] A.A. Ensafi, H. Eskandari Microchem J., 63 (1999) 266–275
[13] A. Limbeck, J. Rendl, H. Puxbaum, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 18 (2003) 161–165
[14] M. R. Jamali , Y. Assadi,R. Rahnama Kozani, F. Shemirani, E-J. Chem. 6 (2009) 1077-1084.
M. Ramezani et al., J. Iranian Chem. Res. 5 (4) (2012) 281-289
289
[15] S. Daniel, R.S. Praveen, T.P. Rao, Anal Chim Acta, 570 (2006) 79–87.
[16] B.K. Priya, P.S. Nayam, K.S. Uvardhan, K.S. Kumar, D. Rekha, A.V. Rao, G.C. Rao, P. Chiranjeevi, J.
Hazard. Mat. 144 (2007) 152–158.
[17] M. M. Hassanien, Microchim Acta, 167 (2009) 81–89.
[18] H. Eskandari, M. Khoshandam, Microchim Acta, 175 (2011) 291–299.
[19] F. Shemirani, R. Rahnama Kozani, M. R. Jamali, Y. Assadi, M. Milani Hosseini, Intern. J. Environ.
Anal. Chem. 86 (2006) 1105–1112.
[20] B. Krishna Priya, P. Subrahmanayam, K. Suvardhan, K. Suresh Kumar, D. Rekha, A. Venkata Rao,
G.C. Rao, P. Chiranjeevi, J. Hazard. Mater. 144 (1–2) (2007) 152–158.
[21] L.B. Xia, X. Li, Y.L. Wu, B. Hu, R. Chen, Spectrochim. Acta Part B 63 (2008) 1290-1295.
[22] M. Soylak , E. Yilmaz, Desalination 275 (2011) 297-301.
[23] J.L. Manzoori, M. Amjadi, J. Abulhassani, Talanta 77 (2009) 1539-1544.
[24] F. Pena-Pereira, I. Lavilla, C. Bendicho, L. Vidal, A. Canals, Talanta 78 (2009) 537-541.
[25] M. Baghdadi, F. Shemirani, Anal. Chim. Acta 634 (2009) 186-191.
[26] M. Gharehbaghi, F. Shemirani, M. Baghdadi, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 89 (2009) 21-26.
[27] E.M. Martinis, P. Berton, R.A. Olsina, J.C. Altamirano, R.G. Wuilloud, J. Hazard. Mater. 167 (2009)
475-481.
[28] E.M.Martinis, R.A. Olsina, J.C. Altamirano, R.G. Wuilloud, Talanta 78 (2009) 857- 862.
[29] H. Abdolmohammad-Zadeh, G.H. Sadeghi, Anal. Chim. Acta 649 (2009) 211- 217.
[30] P. Berton, E.M. Martinis, L.D. Martinez, R.G. Wuilloud, Anal. Chim. Acta 640 (2009) 40-46.
[31] M. Gharehbaghi, F. Shemirani, M.D. Farahani, J. Hazard. Mater. 165 (2009) 1-3.
[32] M.H. Mallah, F. Shemirani, M.G. Maragheh, Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 (2009)1947-1952.
