Effects of Salinity on Ion Exchanges in Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica
الموضوعات :Bahram Amiri 1 , Behrouz Rasouli 2
1 - Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
2 - Department of Agriculture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Halophytic plants, NaCl, Na2SO4, Cations,
ملخص المقالة :
Salinity is one of the most brutal environmental stresses that hamper crop productivity worldwide Approximately 10% of the total land surface is salt affected and about 10 million hectare of agricultural land is lost annually due to salinization and water logging. This study was conducted to determine the ion exchanges in Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica in saline conditions. The seeds of plants were sown in the pots in a greenhouse in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran. After 5 months, plants were exposed to different salinity levels including 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM of NaCl and Na2SO4 for 45 days and the amounts of Na+, k+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were measured in stems and roots. Results showed that ion contents were affected by NaCl and Na2SO4 in both species. The minimum and maximum values of Na+ (568 and 1613mg kg-1 DM) were found in the root of H. caspica and shoot of H. strobilaceum, respectively. Ion content was increased with the increase of salinity up to 100 and 200-300 mM in H. strobilaceum and H. caspica, respectively.Also, the ion exchanges were higher in H. strobilaceum than H. caspica. In general, this investigation showed the ion uptake of both species at low salinity but they changed the tolerance mechanism at high salinity. So, Na+ and K+ were translocated from shoot to root while Ca2+ translocation from root to shoot was increased by salinity.
Ahmad, P. and Prasad, M. N. V., 2012. A biotic stress responses in plants: metabolism, productivity and sustainability, Springer, New York, NY, USA. 96 p.
Amiri, B. and Rasouli, B., 2011. How does the root of Salicornia herbacea response to salinity in comparison to the shoot? International Conference on Biotechnology and Environment Management IPCBEE 18: .88-93. IACSIT Press, Singapore.
Amiri, B., Assareh, M. H., Jafari, M., Rasuoli, B., Arzani, H. and Jafari, A. A., 2010. Effect of salinity on growth, ion content and water status of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.). Caspien Jour. Env. Sci., 8(1) : 79-87.
Amiri, B., Rasuoli, B., Assareh, M. H. and Jafari, M., 2011. Effect of NaCl and Na2SO4 on osmotic potential, water relations and ions changes of Alhagi persarum L. Jour. Food, Agriculture & Environment, 9 (2): 253-256.
Apse, M. P. and Blumwald, E., 2002. Engineering salt tolerance in plants. Current Opinions in Biotech. 13: 146-150.
Batistic, O. and Kudla, J., 2009. Plant calcineurin B-like proteins and their interacting protein kinases. Biochim Biophys Acta., 1793: 985-992.
Cabello, V., Lodeyro, A. F. and Zurbriggen, M. D., 2014. Novel perspectives for the engineering of abiotic stress tolerance in plants,” Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 26: 62–70.
Cicek, N. and Cakırlar, H., 2008. Effects of salt stress on some physiological and photosynthetic parameters at three different temperatures in six Soya Bean Cultivars. Jour. Agronomy and Crop Science, 194(1): 34-46.
Duan, D. Y., Wei, Q. L., Xiao, J. L., Hua, O. and Piny, A., 2007. Seed germination and seeding growth of Suaeda salsa under salt strees. Bot. Fennici., 44: 161-169.
El-Fouly, M. M., Moubarak, Z. M. and Salama, Z. A., 2002. Micronutrient foliar application increases salt tolerance of tomato seedlings. Proc. Inter. Symp. On “Techniques to Control Salinization for Horticultural Productivity”.Acta Hort. No. 573: 377-385.
Farkhondeh, R., Nabizadeh, E. and Jalilnezhad, N., 2012. Effect of salinity stress on proline content, membrane stability and water relations in two sugar beet cultivars. International Jour. Agri Science, 2(5): 385-392.
Gama, P. S., Inanaga, S., Tanaka, K. and Nakazawa, R., 2007. Physiological response of common bean .Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings to salinity stress. African Jour. Biotechnology, 6(2):79-88.
Garbarino, J. and Dupont, F. M., 1988. NaCl induces Na+/H+ antiporter in tonoplast vesicles from barley roots. Plant Physiol. 86: 231-236.
Gupta, B. and Huang B., 2014. Mechanism of Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular characterization. International Jour. Genomics. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijg /2014/701596/
Gupta, B., Sengupta, A., Saha, J. and Gupta, K., 2013. Plant abiotic stress: “Omics” approach. Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, 1: 108-116.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Alam, M., Bhowmik, P. C., Hossain, A., Rahman, M. M., Vara Prasad, M. N., Ozturk, M. and Fujita, M., 2014. Potential Use of Halophytes to Remediate Saline Soils. BioMed Research International. V(2014), ID 589341, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/589341
Hasegawa, P. M., 2013. Sodium (Na+) homeostasis and salt tolerance of plants,” Environmental and Experimental Botany. 92: 19–31.
Hoagland, D. R. and Arnon, D. I., 1950. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif Agric Exp Stn Circ., 347:1-39.
Hussain, S. S., Ali, M., Ahmad, M. and Siddique, K. H., 2011. Polyamines: Natural and Engineered Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, Biotechnology Advances, 29 (3): 300-311.
Jie, Z, Fan Jiang, Z. and Arndt, S. K., 2008. Growth, physiological characteristics and ion distribu-tion of NaCl stressed Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings Chinese Science Bulletin, 53.zkII: 169-176.
Joshi, A. J. and Kumar, K., 1993. Effect of seawater on Salvadora persica Linn. Ann. Arid Zone, 32:167-170.
Mian, A., Oomen, R. J., Isayenkov, S., Sentenac, H., Maathuis, F. J. and Véry, A. A., 2011. Over expression of a Na+ and K+ permeable HKT transporter in barley improves salt tolerance. Plant Jour., 68: 468-79
Monirifar, H. and Barghi, M., 2009. Identification and Selection for Salt Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Eco- types via Physiological Traits. Notulae Scientia Biolo- gicae., 1(1): 63-66.
Munns, R., 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytol. 167: 645-63
Munns, R. and Tester, M., 2008. Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. An Rev Plant Bio., 59: 651-81.
Navarro, A., Banon, S. and Olmos, E., 2006. Effects of sodium chloride on water potential components, hydraulic conductivity, gas exchange and leaf ultra structure. Plant Science, 172: 473–480.
Ramadan, T., 2000. Dynamics of salt secretion by Sporobolus spicatus (Vahl) Kunth from sites of differing salinity. Annals. Bot., 87: 259-266.
Rasouli, B. and Amiri, B., 2011. Effects of salt stress on ion accumulation in root and shoot of Alhagi persarum. International Conference on Biotechnology and Environment Management IPCBEE.18 .88-93. IACSIT Press, Singapore.
Roy, S. J., Negrão, S. and Tester, M., 2014. Salt resistant crop plants,” Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 26: 115–124.
Shi, H., Lee, B. H., Wu, S. J. and Zhu, J. K., 2003. Overexpression of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Biotechnol., 21: 81-85.
Teakle, N. L., Bazihizina, N., Shabala, S. N., Colmer, T. D., Barrett-Lennard, E. G., Rodrigo-Moreno, A., Lauchli, A. E., 2013. Differential tolerance to combined salinity and O2 deficiency in the halophytic grasses Puccinellia ciliata and Thinopyrum ponticum: The importance of K+ retention in roots. Environ Exp Bot. 87:69-78.
Tirmizi, S. A. S., Khan, K. M. and Qadir, S. A., 1993. Study on salt tolerance of Hippophae rhamnoides L. during germination. Pak. Jour. Sci. Ind. Res., 36: 252-257.
Turan, M. A., Turkmen, N. and Taban, N., 2007. Effect of NaCl on stomatal resistance and proline, chlorophyll, Na, Cl and K concentrations of lentil plants. Jour. Agron., 6: 378-381.
Turan, S., Cornish, K. and Kumar, S., 2012. Salinity tolerance in plants: Breeding and genetic engineering. AJCS, 6(9):1337-1348.iew art.
Varshney, R. K., Bansal, K. C., Aggarwal, P. K., Datta, S. K. and Craufurd, P. Q., 2011. Agricultural biotechnology for crop improvement in a variable climate: hope or hype? Trends Plant Sci., 16: 363-71.
Wu, T., Kong, X. P., Zong, X. J., Li, D. P. and Li, D. Q., 2010 Expression analysis of five maize MAP kinase genes in response to various abiotic stresses and signal molecules. Mol Biol Rep., 38:3967-75.
Zhang, L. and Shi, H., 2013. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance, Photosynthesis Research, 115: 1–22
