Economic Evaluation of Shallot Utilization in Varnasa Rangeland, Naghadeh, Iran
الموضوعات :
Javad Motamedi
1
(Associate Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran)
Morteza Mofidi Chelan
2
(Ph.D. Graduated in Rangeland Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.)
Saeed Rahmanpour
3
(M.Sc. in Range Management, Natural Resources and Watershed Management Bureau of Naghdeh, Iran.)
Mahshid Souri
4
(Assistant Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Net income, economic profit, Rangeland expected value, Economic rent, Byproducts of rangelands,
ملخص المقالة :
Recognition of byproducts and their exploiting economic evaluation is one of basic requirements in documenting prospect of rangelands utilization. In this regard, the present study was performed to estimate the economic indices of exploiting byproducts production in Varnasa rangelands, Naghadeh, Iran. For this purpose, the economic data for calculating economic indices were collected after sampling vegetation and estimating shallot species byproduct and forage production per unit area in 2015. The results showed that the annual economic benefit derived from forage production per household is 71.16 US$ y-1. The generated economic rent was estimated about 98.14 US$ h-1 in year. Average gross income from the exploitation of byproducts in a harvest period per household was estimated around 838.23 US$ from 5.7 hectares that after reducing the explicit costs of utilization (transport), the net income was 761.61 US$ per household. Economic profit per household after reducing the hidden costs (labor) and explicit costs (transport) from gross income was estimated about 720.35 US$ y-1and economic rent of exploiting shallot byproducts is 473.47 US$ h-1 per year. Considering the discount rate of 3%, the expected value per hectare of the studied rangelands for the byproducts and forge production are estimated about 789.12 and 32.71 US$, respectively. Similarly, the expected total value of rangelands for byproducts and forage production is amounting totally to 821.84 US$ that the share of shallot byproduct to total rangeland expected value is 96%. Incomes from the exploiting of byproducts and forage production comprise 27.2 and 1.3% out of the average annual income of households, respectively. In addition, annual employment of shallots byproduct and forage production utilization was estimated 1.44 and 0.16 person’s y-1,respectively which the share of byproduct is about 10% out of the total employment. The results show that the byproducts exploitation plays an important role in the local economy and employment as well as declining the increase of grazing intensity. Overall, the results of this study reveal the need to consider the byproduct incomes in range management schemes and comprehensive management of natural areas
Abdollahpour, M., 2004. Forest diplomacy. Azad University branch of Noshahr and Chalus publication, 196pp. (In Persian).
Aiyeloja, A. A., & Ajewole, O. I., 2006. Non-timber forest products' marketing in Nigeria. A case study of Osun state. Educational Research and Reviews, 1(2): 52.
Akbarlou, M., & Nodehi, N., 2016. Relationship between some environmental factors with distribution of medicinal plants in Ghorkhud protected region, Northern Khorasan province, Iran. Jour. Rangeland Science, 6(1), 63-72. (In Persian).
Alexander, S. J., McLain, R. J. and Blatner, K.A., 2002. Socio-economic research on non-timber forest products in the Pacific Northwest. Jour. Sustainable Forestry, 13(3/4): 95-103.
Croitoru, L., 2007. Valuing the non-timber forest products in the Mediterranean region. Ecological Economic, 63: 768-775.
Daneshvar Ameri, Zh. and Yazdani, S., 2007, Factors affecting marketing margins shrimp. Iranian Jour. Agricultural Sciences, 1(2): 125-115. (In Persian).
Ebrahimi, R., Zamani, Z., and Kashi, A., 2008. Genetic diversity evaluation of wild Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss.) using morphological and RAPD Markers. Scientia Horticulturae, 119: 345-351. (In Persian).
Eskandari, N., Alizadeh, A. and Mahdavi, F., 2008. Range management policies in Iran. Poneh Press, Tehran, Iran, 196 p. (In Persian).
Freed, J., 2003. Non-timber forest products in local economies: The case of Mason County, Washington. Jour. Sustainable Forestry, 13 (4): 67-69.
Ghahremani-Majd, H., Dashti, F., Dastan, D., Mumivand, H., Hadian, J. and Esna-Ashari, M., 2012. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Persian Shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) populations. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 53(2): 116-122. (In Persian).
Ghodrati Azadi, H., Mahmood Ghaffari, S., Riazi, G. H., Ahmadian, S., and Vahedi, F., 2008. Antiproliferative activity of chloroformic extract of Persian Shallot, Allium hirtifolium, on tumor cell lines. Cytotechnology, 56:179-185. (In Persian).
Heshmatol Vaezin, S. M., Ghanbari, S., and Tavili, A., 2010. Income of Eremurus (Eremurus olgae) and forage production in the Khazangah rangelands of Makoo. Jour. Range and Watershed Management, 63(2): 183-195. (In Persian).
Hosseini, S., and Ahugalandi, M., 2007. Economic analysis of marketing margin of Iranian Saffron, the Sixth Conference of Agricultural Economics, 8-9 Nov., Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
Jense, G. and Ottisch, A., 2005. Forest influencing the role of non-wood forest products and services. Forest Policy and Economics, 7: 309-319.
Khosravi, H., and Mehrabi, A., 2005. Economic Study of Ferula Harvesting in Tabass Region. Iranian Jour. Natural Resources, 58 (4): 933-944. (In Persian).
Kupahi, M., 2008. Principles of agriculture economics. Tehran University Publication, 509p (In Persian).
Motamedi, J., Abdolalozde, Z., and Sheidai Karkaj, E., 2016. Field and laboratory methods for grassland and animal production research. Urmia University Publication, 53pp. (In Persian).
Motamedi, J., Alijanpour, A., and Banj shafie, A., 2017. Report of comprehensive project of recognition and utilization of byproducts of rangelands and forests of West Azerbaijan province, Vice Research of Urmia University. 213 pp. (In Persian).
Rahbar, M. Hoseini Tagavi, S. A., Diba, K., and Haidari, A., 2005. In Vitro antibacterial activity of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum) crude juice. Jour. Medicinal Plants, 1(13): 26-29. (In Persian).
Saeed, A., 1995. Fundamentals of practical economics in forest management. Tehran university publication, 339 pp. (In Persian).
Shahraki, M. R., Gholami Baghi, N., Sharafatmandrad, M., & Behmanesh, B., 2015. Rangelands Goods and Services Local People Views and Priorities (Case Study: Hezarjarib Rangelands, Mazandaran Province, Iran). Jour. Rangeland Science, 5(3), 212-221. (In Persian).
Shylajan, C. S., and Mythili, G., 2003. Community dependence on protected forest areas: A study on valuation of non-wood forest products in a region of India. Sri Lankan Jour. Agricultural Economics, 5 (1): 97-122.
Taran, M., Rezaeian, M. and Izaddoost, M., 2006. In vitro antitrichomonas activity of Allium hirtifolium (Persian Shallot) in comparison with metronidazole. Iranian Jour. Publ Health, 35 (1): 92-94. (In Persian).
Zakeri, E., Tavili, A., and Toloei, S., 2014. Evaluation of financial value of Glycyrrhiza glabra utilization in comparison to the income gained from pastures forage of Taze-Ghale rangelands. Jour. Renewable Natural Resources, 5(2): 15-26. (In Persian).
Zare, A., Arzani, H., Javadi. S. A., Eslami, M. R., and Baghestani Meybodi, N., 2013. Evaluation of the income of forage products and byproducts of Amygdalus scoparia. Jour. Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 3(12): 92-100. (In Persian).
