Studying Biodiversity of Plant Associations in Mount On Ebn-e-Ali in Tabriz, Iran
الموضوعات :
Tohid Ebrahimi Gagoti
1
(Forests and Rangelands Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Tabriz, Iran.)
Raheleh Ostadhashemi
2
(Forests and Rangelands Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Tabriz, Iran.)
Ahmad Razban Haghighi
3
(Forests and Rangelands Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Tabriz, Iran.)
Naser Kasebi
4
(Forests and Rangelands Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Tabriz, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: PCA, Richness, Evenness, Dominance, Equitability,
ملخص المقالة :
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity ofplant associations in On Ebn-e-Ali Mountain in Tabriz and its relationship to various biodiversity indices. Four plant associations including 1) Noaea mucronata- Poetum bulbosa, 2) Noaea mucronata- Brometum tomentellus, 3) related to bush form as well as Poeto bulbosa-Brometum tomentellus and4) Brometo danthonia - Brometum tomentellus related to grass form were recognized using Braun-Blanquet and cluster analysis methods in the study area. The biodiversity of different plots was measured based on Richness, Dominance, Evenness, Equitability, Shannon-Weiner, Simpson, Menhinick, Margalef, Fisher's alpha, Brillouin, Berger-Parker and Chao-1 indices in 2017. Associations of 4 and 1 with 19.25 and 14.25 had the highest and lowest richness values, respectively. All of biodiversity variables had strong correlation with the first axes of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA axes 1 and 2 accounted for 90.8% and 6.2% of the total variation, respectively. The results indicated that high plant diversity in Brometo danthonia- Brometum tomentellus (association 4) was due to the high degree of evenness and in Poeto bulbosa- Brometum tomentellus (association 3) caused by the high degree of richness. However, high degree of dominance in Noaea mucronata- Poetum bulbosa and Noaea mucronata- Brometum tomentellus (associations 1 and 2) had led to reduction of their biodiversity. The results showed that there were 75 species belonging to 65 genera and 30 families and 62, 12 and 1 species belonged to dicotyledons, monocotyledons and gymnosperm, respectively. Lamiaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicacea, Caryophyllaceae and Papilionaceae families comprised 59% of plant species in the study area.
Abu Ziada, M.E., Mashaly, I.A. and Torky, M., 2008. Ecological studies on the Aquatic vegetation in north east Nile delta. Egypt International Journal of Botany, 4(2): 151-163.
Barnes, B.V. Zak, D. R. Denton, S. R.andSpurr, S. H.1998. Forest ecology, John WileyandSons. INC., New York. 773 pp
Berger, W.H. and Parker, F.L., 1970. Diversity of planktonic Foraminifera in deep sea sediments, Science, 168: 1345-1347.
Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Dudley, N., Jaeger, T., Lassen, B., Pathak Broome, N., Phillips, A. and Sandwith, T., 2013. Governance of Protected Areas: From Understanding to Action; IUCN: Gland, Switzerland.
Braun Blanquet, J., 1983. Plant Sociology. Translated by G. D. Fuller and H. S. Conard. McGraw. Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 439 pp.
Brillouin, L., 1962. Science and Information Theory, 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York. 161pp.
Burely, J., 2002. Forest biological diversity: An overview. Unasylva Journal, 53(209): 3-9.
Chawla, A., Rajkumar, S., Singh, K. N., Brij Lal, R. D. S. and Thukral, A. K., 2008. Plant species diversity along an altitudinal gradient of Bhabha Valley in Western Himalaya. Journal Mountain Science, 5:157-177.
Chao, A., 1984. Nonparametric estimation of the number of classes in a population. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 11, 265-270.
Chao, A., 1987. “Estimating the population size for capture-recapture data with unequal catchability” Biometrics, 43: 783–791.
Ebrahimi Gajoti, T., Nosrati, H., Razban Haghighi, A. and Khanbabaei, M., 2013. Studying Biodiversity of plant associations in Sutan-Chay basin in Arasbaran, northwest of Iran. Agriculture & Forestry (Podgorica), 1: 85-98.
Ejtehadi, H., Sepehry, A. and Akkafi, H.R., 2009. Methods of Measuring Biodiversity. Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. (In Persian).
Esmailzadeh, O., Hosseini, M., Asadi, H., Ghadiripour, P. and Ahmadi, A., 2012. Plant biodiversity in relation to physiographical factors in Afratakhteh Yew (Taxus baccata L.) Habitat, NE Iran. Journal of Plant Biology, 12: 1-12.
Fisher, R.A., Corbet, A.S. and Williams, C. B., 1943. The relation between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of an animal population. Animal Ecol. 12: 42-58.
Grime, J.P., 1979. Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. John Wiley, New York.
Hurlbert, S.H., 1971. The non-concept of species diversity: a critique and alternative parameters. Ecology, 52: 577–586.
Jankju, M. and Noedoost, F., 2014. Species Richness, Evenness and Plant Community Stability 22 Years after Ploughing a Semiarid Rangeland. Journal of Rangeland Science, 4(2):129-140.
Jenkins, M.A. and Parker, G.R., 1998. Composition and diversity of woody vegetation in silvicultural openings of southern Indiana forests, Forest ecology and management, 109: 57-74.
Kent, M. and Caker, P., 2001. Vegetation description and analysis: a practical approach, CRC. Press. N.W. Boca Raton Florida, 312 pp.
Khaleghi, P., 2004. Experimental forest of Vazrud basin in Caspian Sea Forests. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, İran, Press, 380 pp. (In Persian).
Krebs, C. J., 1989. Ecological Methodology, University of British Colombia, Harper Collius Publication, 432 pp.
Lakićević, M. and Srđević, B. 2018. Measuring biodiversity in forest communities – a role of biodiversity indices.Contemporary Agriculture, 67(1): 65-70.
Yang, L., YiPing, Z., DaMing, H., Min, C. and Hua, Z., 2007. Climatic control of plant species richness along elevation gradients in the longitudinal Range-Gorge Region. Chinese Science Bulletin, 52: 50-58.
Macneely, J. A., 2002. Forest biodiversity at the ecosystem level: Where do people fit in? Unasylva Journal, 53(209): 10-15.
Magurran, A. E., 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Mahmoudi, J., 2007. The study of species diversity in plant ecological groups in kelarabad protected forest. Biology of Iran, 20 (4): 353-362. (In Persian).
Margalef, R., 1985. From hydrodynamic processes to structure (information) and from information to process. Canadian Bultan Fish. Aquatic Sciences, 213: 200-220.
Marini, L., Scotton, M., Klimek, S., Isselstein, J. and Pecile, A., 2007. Effects of local factors on plant species richness and composition of Alpine meadows. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 119: 281-288.
Mashaly, I.A., El. Halawany, E.F. and Omar, G., 2001. Vegetation Analysis long Irrigation and Drain Canals in Damietta Province, Egypt. Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(12): 1183-1189.
McCune, B. and Mefford, M.F., 1999. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. PC-ORD Version 4.0.MJM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA, 237 pp.
Menhinick, E. F., 1964. A comparison of some species individual diversity indices applied to samples of field insects. Ecology, 4: 859-861.
Naderi, H. and Sharafatmandrad, M., 2017. Change of Species Diversity in Vascular Plants across Ecological Species Groups. Journal of Rangeland Science, 7(2): 107-121.
Omidzadeh Ardali, E., Zare Chahouki, M., Arzani, H. and Khedri Gharibvand, H., 2013. Assessment of slope aspect and grazing intensity effects on species diversity indices using multi-scale C-plot rangeland ecosystems of Karsanak in Shahrekord. Journal of plant ecosystem conservation, 1(3): 1-13. (In Persian).
Pourbabaei, H. and Dado, K. h., 2005. Species diversity of woody plants in the district No.1 forests, Kelardasht, Mazandaran province. Iranian journal of Biology, 4: 307-322. (In Persian).
Shannon, C.E. and Weiner, A., 1964. The mathematical theory of communities Illinois, University Press, 350 pp.
Szaro, R.C., 1989. Riparian Forest and Scrubland Communities of Arizona and New Mexico. Desert Plants 9: 69-138.
Purvis, A. and Hector, A., 2000. Getting the measure of biodiversity. Nature, 405: 212–219. [PubMed].
Simpson, E. H., 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163: 688.
Ter Braak, C.J.F. and Prentice, I.C., 1988. A theory of gradient analysis, Advances in Ecological Research 18, 271-317.
Ward, J.H., 1963. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. American Statistical Association Journal, 58: 236-44.
Whittaker, R.H., 1972. Evolution and measurement of species diversity. Taxon, 21(2/3): 213-251.
Wilson, M.V. and Shmida, A., 1984. Measuring beta diversity with presence-absence data. Jour Ecol, 72: 1055-1064.
Wilson, S. and Tilman, D., 2002. Plant Competition and resource availability in response to disturbance and fertilization. Ecology, 74:599-611.
