تحلیل روش و اهداف سیاسی مداخله سایبری عناصر منسوب به روسیه در انتخابات ریاست جمهوری2016 آمریکا
الموضوعات :
سعیده مرادی فر
1
(دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران)
علی امیدی
2
(دانشیار روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه اصفهان)
الکلمات المفتاحية: رسانه‌های اجتماعی, پسا حقیقت, جنگ اطلاعاتی, نفوذ سایبری,
ملخص المقالة :
چکیده با استناد به شواهدی که برخی منابع آمریکایی ارائه می‌کنند روسیه با تکیه بر توان سایبری و عملیاتی از پیش طراحی شده توانست بر انتخابات ریاست جمهوری 2016 آمریکا اثرگذار باشد و با بکارگیری تکنولوژی‌های فضای سایبری، اهداف سیاسی خود را در زمانی که به آن عصر پساحقیقت می‌گویند تعقیب نماید. از اینرو پرسش اصلی مقاله حاضر آن است که روسیه چگونه در انتخابات 2016 ریاست جمهوری آمریکا مداخله کرده و اساسا هدف روسیه از این مداخله چیست؟ فرضیه مقاله که به روش توصیفی – تحلیلی بررسی جعلی و اطلاعات گزینشی بر روند انتخابات ریاست جمهوری آمریکا اثرگذار بوده و فرصت پیروزی هیلاری کلینتون را کاهش و شانس ترامپ شده این است که از نظر کارشناسان و نهادهای اطلاعاتی آمریکا، عناصری در روسیه با بکارگیری فناوری‌های فضای مجازی نظیر رسانه‌های اجتماعی، ربات‌ها و ترول‌ها و با نشر اخبار را افزایش داده، که این مهم به نوبه خود موجب تضعیف اعتماد مردم به نهادهای سیاسی آمریکا و همچنین تشدید رقابت مسکو-واشنگتن شده است. هر چند روسیه رسما و مکررا چنین مداخله‌ای را از سوی منابع دولتی تکذیب کرده؛ ولی نگارندگان با توجه به شواهد ارائه شده از جامعه اطلاعاتی آمریکا و مدیر اطلاعات ملی آمریکا در 2016 و همچنین گزارش رسمی رابرت مولر در سال 2019 که در آن 26 شخص و سه نهاد روس را متهم به مداخله سایبری کرد فرض بر مداخله عناصری از خاک روسیه (نه ضرورتا دولت روسیه) در انتخابات مزبور می‌گذارند. این مقاله، چگونگی و پیامدهای این مداخله را می‌کاود.
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