طراحی مدل کارآفرینی بر اساس توانمندسازها برای ایران

الموضوعات :

داود مختارپور ¹ , فردین شورج ²

1 - گروه مدیریت راهبردی، دانشکده مدیریت راهبردی ،دانشگاه و پژوهشگاه عالی دفاع ملی، تهران ، ایران.
2 - گروه مدیریت راهبردی، دانشکده مدیریت راهبردی ،دانشگاه و پژوهشگاه عالی دفاع ملی، تهران ، ایران.(

تاريخ الإرسال : 08 السبت , رمضان, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 13 الأحد , ذو القعدة, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 25 الثلاثاء , محرم, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: خلاقیت, G1, G32, O31, واژه‌های کلیدی: کارآفرینی, توانمندسازهای کارآفرینی, نوآوری. طبقه بندی JEL : J11,

ملخص المقالة :

چکیدههدف از این پژوهش طراحی مدل توانمندسازهای کارآفرینی در ایران بود. در این پژوهش از روش ترکیبی (کیفی و کمی) استفاده شد. نمونه آماری پژوهش شامل 33 نفر از خبرگان کارآفرینی ؛ 110 نفر از مدیران کسب و کارهای خرد و کلان و 163 نفر از دانشجویان کارآفرینی بودند. ابزار این پژوهش پرسشنامه های دلفی، مدلسازی ساختاری تفسیری و عملکرد کارآفرینانه بودند. روایی محتوای پرسشنامه ها با استفاده از نظر خبرگان و روایی سازه با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تائید شد. پایایی پرسشنامهها نیز از روش آلفای کرونباخ مورد تائید قرار گرفت. برای شناسایی توانمندسازهای کارآفرینی و بررسی ارتباط میان آنها از روش دلفی و مدلسازی ساختاری تفسیری و برای آزمون فرضیههای پژوهش از روش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، در مجموع 9 توانمندساز (عوامل فرهنگی، عوامل اقتصادی، فناوری اطلاعات، عوامل سیاسی، عوامل زمینهای، عوامل ساختاری، عوامل نهادی، ویژگیهای شخصیتی و فردی، و بهرهگیری از مزایای جهانیشدن) و 52 شاخص شناسایی شدند. نتایج مربوط به چارچوب نهایی ISM نشان داد که عوامل زمینهای و بهرهگیری از مزایای جهانی شدن در سطح 1 و عوامل فرهنگی در سطح 6 قرار گرفتهاند. همچنین نتایج مربوط به فرضیههای فرعی نشان داد که تمام ابعاد توانمندسازهای کارآفرینی بر عملکرد کارآفرینانه تاثیرگذار هستند.

المصادر:

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Analoui, F., Moghimi, S. M., and Khanifar, H. (2009), Public sector managers and entrepreneurship in Islamic Republic of Iran, Journal of Management Development, No. 285, pp. 22-532.
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Bouncken, R.; Ratzmann, M.; Barwinski, R. & Kraus, S.(2020). Coworking spaces: Empowerment for entrepreneurship and innovation in the digital and sharing economy, Journal of Business Research, 114, PP. 102-110.
Brink, T. and Madsen, S. (2015), Entrepreneurial learning requires action on the meaning generated, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 650-672.
Chell, E. (2013), Review of Skill and the Entrepreneurial Process, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 6-31.
Chulikavit, K. and Rose, J. (2003), E-Commerce and the Internationalisation of SMEs, in H. Etemad and R. Wright (eds) Globalisation and Entrepreneurship: Policy and Strategy Perspectives. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Creed, A., and Zutshi, A. (2012), The E-Learning Cycle and Continuous Improvement for E-Entrepreneurs, International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol. 3, No. 3.
Deakins, D., Bensemann, j. and Battisti, M. (2016), Entrepreneurial skill and regulation: evidence from primary sector rural entrepreneurs, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 22, No. 2.
Dileep, K. M., and Ramesh, M. (2009), E-Recruitment: Leveraging Technology towards Business Excellence, Business Review, Vol. 4, No. 1 & 2, pp. 75-94. 
Ekanem, I. (2015), Entrepreneurial learning: gender differences, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 557-577.
Erdor, M. (2012), Developments in E-Entrepreneurship in Turkey and a Case Study of a Startup Company Founded by a Woman Entrepreneur, International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol. 3, No. 4.
Hallak, R., Assaker, G. and O'Connor, P. (2014), Are Family and Nonfamily Tourism Businesses Different? An Examination of the Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy-Entrepreneurial Performance Relationship, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, Vol.  38, No. 3, pp. 388-413.
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Humphreys, P. and Brezillon, P. (2002), Combining Rich and Restricted Languages in Multimedia: Enriching Context for Innovative Decisions, in F. Adam, P. Brezillon, P. Humphreys and C. Pomerol (2004), Decision Making and Decision Support in the Internet Age. Cork, Ireland: University College Cork, Oak Tree Press.
Ng, D. (2020). Entrepreneurial empowerment: you are only as good as your employees, The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 23, No.3-4, PP. 462-498.
Igbaria, M., Zinatelli, N., Cragg, P. and Cavaye, A. (1997), Personal computing acceptance factors in small firms: a structural equation model, MIS Quarterly, pp. 279–302.
Jarvis, L. (2016), Identification, intentions and entrepreneurial opportunities: an integrative process model, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 22, No. 2.
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