الگوی حکمرانی و تخصیص منابع در صندوق توسعه ملی ایران
الموضوعات :وحید محمودی 1 , حسین عبده تبریزی 2 , سعید شیرکوند 3 , رضا قهرمانی 4
1 - استاد، گروه مدیریت مالی و بیمه، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران،
2 - دکتری علوم مالی و بانکداری، دانشگاه منچستر، انگلستان
3 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت مالی و بیمه، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشجوی دوره دکتری مالی، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تخصیص منابع, صندوق توسعه ملی ایران, صندوق ثروت ملی, حاکمیت شرکتی (حکمرانی),
ملخص المقالة :
صندوق توسعه ملی ایران با هدف تبدیل بخشی از عواید ناشی از فروش نفت و گاز به ثروت‌های ماندگار و مولد اقتصادی و حفظ سهم نسل‌های آینده تشکیل شده است. بررسی اولیه صندوق نشان‌دهنده مشکلات و نقص‌هایی در حوزه‌های تخصیص منابع و حکمرانی است که سبب خواهد شد صندوق نتواند گردآورنده و حافظ ثروت کشور، برای نسل‌های فعلی و آتی باشد. در بخش اول این پژوهش با مطالعه تطبیقی صندوق‌های ثروت ملی شامل صندوق‌های آذربایجان، آلاسکا، آلبرتا، ابوظبی، قطر، نروژ و کویت و در نظر گرفتن الزامات و اهداف صندوق توسعه ملی ایران، راه‌کارهای پیشنهادی جهت اصلاح الگوی تخصیص منابع و حکمرانی ارائه شده است. در این راستا ابتدا با مطالعه ابعاد گوناگون صندوق‌های ثروت، شناخت کامل از ماهیت آنها حاصل و سپس با استفاده از مطالعات تطبیقی و متن‌کاوی پیشینه پژوهش، مؤلفه‌های مرتبط با حکمرانی و تخصیص منابع و راه‌کارهای اولیه مرتبط استخراج شد. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه تطبیقی پس از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با خبرگان، اصلاح و پیشنهادهای نهایی تعیین شد. راه‌کارهای پژوهش در چهار مقوله الف) چهارچوب قانونی و ساختار حاکمیت شرکتی، ب) قوانین مالی مرتبط با منابع و مصارف، ج) سرمایه‌گذاری و د) نظارت، شفافیت و پاسخگویی ارائه شده است. پیشنهادهای حاضر علاوه بر تأیید از سوی خبرگان و همسو بودن با نتایج مطالعات مشابه قبلی، از طریق پرسشنامه طراحی‌شده بر مبنای 63 گویه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بر اساس آزمون‌های آماری، علاوه بر تأیید معناداری تمام مقوله‌های فوق، رتبه‌بندی آنها نیز مشخص شد. The National Development Fund of Iran (NDFI) is established to replace a portion of the revenue originated from selling oil and gas to durable wealth and productive economic investments as well as preserving the share of future generations. The initial review of the fund identifies the problems and deficiencies in various areas of its structure which have made the fund fail to preserve wealth for current and future generations. In this article, by comparative research of similar Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF) including Azerbaijan, Alaska, Alberta, Abu Dhabi, Norway, Qatar, Kuwait funds and considering requirements and objectives of the NDFI, appropriate solutions about governance and resource allocation have been provided. We first identify the nature of these funds by studying the various features of the SWFs. Then dimensions and components of governance and resource allocation have extracted from comparative studies and text mining. Due to the SWFs comparative research, primary guidelines have been extracted. The final modified solutions have been presented, after interviewing the experts. Suggested solutions are presented in four categories, including the legal framework and corporate governance structure, financial rules of resources and withdrawal, investment and monitoring, transparency and accountability in the last section of the present study. The present guidelines accord with the results of similar previous studies and the experts’ approval in addition to approved evaluation based on questionnaire with 63 statements. The statistical tests confirmed all the above categories and the ranking of suggestions are also determined
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