مهندسی تولید چربی در ریزسازواره های روغنی
الموضوعات :
فاطمه قناعتیان
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه سمنان، دانشکده زیست فناوری میکروبی، گروه زیست فناوری میکروبی)
احمدفرهاد طالبی
2
(استادیار، دانشگاه سمنان، دانشکده زیست فناوری، گروه زیست فناوری میکروبی)
الکلمات المفتاحية: سوخت زیستی, مهندسی ژنتیک, متابولیسم چربی, روغن های میکروبی, ریزسازواره های روغنی,
ملخص المقالة :
روغن های میکروبی به دلیل تأمین اسیدهای چرب ضروری و به عنوان منابع تجدیدپذیر انرژی، مورد توجه محققین قرار دارند. ریزسازواره های روغنی تا بیش از 60 درصد وزن خود، روغن را به شکل تری گلیسرید انباشته می کنند. چهار گروه از ریزسازواره ها شامل باکتری ها، ریزجلبک ها، قارچ ها و مخمرها از بزرگترین تولید کننده های روغن های میکروبی هستند. عوامل مختلف فیزیکی و شیمیایی در تولید روغن های میکروبی موثراند. از میان عوامل مختلف می توان به منبع کربن، فقر برخی از مواد مغذی دما، شدت نور و pH محیط اشاره نمود. بهینه سازی تولید روغن های میکروبی توسط عوامل مختلف فیزیکی و شیمیایی با محدودیت هایی روبه رو است. بنابراین، در حال حاضر بیشتر پژوهش ها به سمت اصلاحات ژنتیکی برای بهینه سازی تولید چربی در ریزسازواره های روغنی معطوف شده اند. در این مطالعه مروری، نخست مقالات مرتبط با عنوان مهندسی تولید چربی در ریزسازواره های روغنی با کلیدواژه های مرتبط، از سال 1990 تا سال 2017 در پایگاه علمی جستجو و از بین 210 مقاله اصیل، جمعاً 89 مقاله انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به منظور تحقق هرچه بهتر جایگزینی منابع جدید روغن در ابعاد وسیع، این منابع باید از نظر ویژگی های منحصربفردی مانند تولید اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع، عملکرد تولید روغن، محتوی و نوع چربی تولید شده بهینه شوند. مقاله حاضر تلاشی است برای ارائه مجموعه جامعی از راهبردهای افزایش عملکرد تولید روغن در ریزسازواره های روغنی که ضمن حفاظت از محیط زیست و منابع ژنتیکی، می توانند در راستای اهداف اقتصادی بنگاه های دانش بنیان موثر واقع شوند.
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Yen HW, Hu IC, Chen CY, Ho SH, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Microalgae-based biorefinery from
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2. Talebi AF, Mohtashami SK, Tabatabaei M, Tohidfar M, Bagheri A, Zeinalabedini M, Mirzaei
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screening microalgae strains for biodiesel production. Algal Res. 2013; 2(3): 258-267.
3. Liang MH, Jiang JG. Advancing oleaginous microorganisms to produce lipid via metabolic
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