رابطه خودکارآمدی معلم و باورهای انگیزشی دانش‌آموز: نقش واسطه‌ای کیفیت آموزش
الموضوعات :
اشرف سادات موسوی
1
,
فرشته حجازی
2
1 - دانشکده روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه حضرت معصومه (س)
2 - دانشکده روان‌شناسی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
الکلمات المفتاحية: کیفیت آموزش, خودکارآمدی معلم, باورهای انگیزشی دانش‌آموز, خودکارآمدی دانش‌آموز,
ملخص المقالة :
ایـن پژوهـش بـا هـدف تعییـن رابطـه خودکارآمـدی معلـم و باورهـای انگیزشـی دانش‌آمـوز بـا نقـش واسـطه‌ای کیفیـت آمـوزش انجـام شـد. جامعـه آمـاری، مـدارس فعـال در 19 منطقـه آموزشـی تهـران بـود. بـا روش نمونه‌بـرداری تصادفـی چندمرحلـه‌ای، 250 دانش‌آمـوز و 50 معلـم به‌عنـوان نمونـه آمـاری انتخـاب شـدند و بـه مقیـاس خودکارآمـدی معلـم (شـوارزر، اشـمیت و داینـر، 1999)، مقیـاس مدیریـت کلاس و فعال‌سـازی شـناختی (بوریسـا و کیمـب، 2020)، پرسشـنامه فضـای حمایتـی (ویلیامـز و دسـی، 1996)، مقیـاس انگیـزه ذاتـی و خودکارآمـدی دانش‌آمـوز (پنتریـچ، اسـمیت، گارسـیا و مککچـی، 1993) پاسـخ دادنـد. داده‌هـا بـا آزمـون همبسـتگی و مـدل معـادلات سـاختاری تحلیـل شـدند. یافته‌هـا نشـان داد بیـن خودکارآمـدی معلـم بـا باورهـای انگیزشـی دانش‌آمـوز رابطـه وجـود داشـت. همچنیـن ضرایـب مسـیر تأثیـر خودکارآمـدی معلـم بـر مؤلفه‌هـای انگیـزه ذاتـی و خودکارآمـدی دانش‌آمـوز معنـادار بـود. خودکارآمـدی معلـم به‌طـور غیرمسـتقیم از طریـق دو مؤلفـه کیفیـت آمـوزش (مدیریـت کلاس و فضـای حمایتـی) نیـز بـر باورهـای انگیزشـی دانش‌آمـوز تأثیـر داشـت و فعال‌سـازی شـناختی نقـش واسـطه‌ای میـان خودکارآمـدی معلـم و خودکارآمـدی دانش‌آمـوز داشـت. ایـن یافته‌هـا مبیـن نقـش بسـیار مهـم احسـاس خودکارآمـدی معلـم اسـت کـه اثـر مسـتقیم و غیرمسـتقیم (از طریـق مؤلفه‌هـای کیفیـت آمـوزش) بـر احسـاس خودکارآمـدی و انگیـزه ذاتـی دانش‌آمـوز دارد. یافته‌هـای ایـن پژوهـش را می‌تـوان بـر پایـه نظریـه اجتماعـی شـناختی بنـدورا (1997) تبییـن کـرد کـه تصریـح می‌کنـد افـرادی کـه دارای باورهـای خودکارآمـدی بالاتـری هسـتند، عملکـرد بهتـری دارنـد. بـه بیـان دیگـر می‌تـوان گفـت انتظارهـا و اعتمـاد معلمـان بـه توانایی‌هایشـان در دسـتیابی بـه اهـداف تدریـس منعکـس شـده، در نهایـت منجـر بـه بهبـود انگیـزه ذاتـی و خودکارآمـدی دانش‌آمـوزمی‌شـود. یافته‌هـا متضمـن اهمیـت توسـعه فـردی معلمـان و نقـش کلیـدی مراکـز تربیـت معلـم در پـرورش و گزینـش معلمـان اسـت.

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