تحول بازنمایی دلبستگی و حساسیت مادرانه
الموضوعات :شایسته شکوفه فرد 1 , محمدعلی مظاهری 2 , محمود حیدری 3 , پریسا سیدموسوی 4
1 - دکتری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 - استاد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 - دانشیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
4 - استادیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
الکلمات المفتاحية: تحول, حساسیت مادرانه, ایمنی دلبستگی, بازنمایی مادرانه,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف این پژوهش تعیین تغییرات بازنمایی و دلبستگی مادرانه به عنوان عناصر مهم نظام مراقبت‌کنندگی در طول تحول است. 60 زوج مادر و کودک در فاصله سنی 18 تا 60 ماهگی به وسیله پرسشنامه دلبستگی بزرگسال (هازن و شیور، 1987)، مصاحبه مدل درونکاری کودک (زینه، بنویت، بارتون، هیرشبرگ و ریگان، 1994)، ابزار درجهبندی رفتار مادرانه (پدرسون، موران و بنتو، 1999) و ابزار سنجش دلبستگی کودک (واترز و دینز، 1985) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. داده‌های پژوهش به وسیلة آزمون آماری خی‌دو مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند و تحلیل آماری نشان داد تفاوت چشمگیری میان ارزش مشاهده‌شده و مورد انتظار، در متغیرهای پژوهش در سنین متفاوت وجود دارد. نتایج حاکی از این بود که مادران کودکان 40-36 ماهه در مقایسه با مادران کودکان کوچکتر و بزرگتر به احتمال بیشتری بازنمایی نامتعادل و حساسیت پایین نشان دادند. این امر می‌تواند درنتیجة بروز رفتارهای استقلالطلبانه و منفیگرایانه بیشتر در این دورة سنی و دشواری هماهنگ کردن خود با نیازهای جدید کودک از سوی مادر باشد. درنتیجه، مراقب ممکن است قادر به حفظ نقش خود به عنوان یک پایگاه ایمن، حساس و همگام با سرعت تغییر در کودک نباشد. این یافته تلویحاتی در مورد تأثیر و نقش رابطه مادر ـ کودک طی این دوره تحول بر ایمنی دلبستگی کودک و لزوم مداخلات آموزشی متناسب با سن به مادران دارد.
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