تحول باورهای دنیای عادلانه برای خود و دیگران از نوجوانی تا بزرگسالی در‌حال‌ظهور
الموضوعات :فائزه شاکری اردکانی 1 , سمانه اسعدی 2 , فهمیه دهقانی 3
1 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی
دانشگاه یزد
2 - دانشیار دانشگاه یزد
3 - استادیار دانشگاه یزد
الکلمات المفتاحية: تحول, نوجوانی, بزرگسالی در حال ظهور, باورهای دنیای عادلانه برای خود و دیگران,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف این پژوهش تعیین روند تحول باورهای دنیای عادلانه برای خود و دیگران از نوجوانی تا بزرگسالی درحال ظهور در اصفهان بود. 395 نفر شرکتکننده در چهار گروه سنی: ۱۲ ساله (۱۰۵ نفر)، ۱۴ ساله (۱۰۰ نفر)، ۱۶ ساله (۹۶ نفر) و ۱۸ تا ۲۵ ساله (۹۴ نفر) با دو روش نمونهبرداری خوشهای و در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به مقیاس باورهای دنیای عادلانه برای خود و دیگران (ساتون و داگلاس، 2005) پاسخ دادند. داده‌ها با آزمون تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری، آزمون تعقیبی توکی و آزمونtمستقل تحلیل شد. نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس نشان داد اثر گروه بر باورهای دنیای عادلانه برای خود و دیگران معنادار است. مقایسههای زوجی نیز آشکار کرد نمرهباورهای دنیای عادلانه برای خود و دیگران در گروه 16ساله از گروه 12ساله به‌طور معناداری کمتر و نمرهباورهای دنیای عادلانه برای خود در گروه 18-25 از گروه 16ساله بیشتر است، اما نمره باورهای دنیای عادلانه برای دیگران تغییر معنادار نداشت. یافته های پژوهش تفاوت جنسیتی در باورهای دنیای عادلانه برای دیگران را در گروه 12ساله نشان داد و مبین باور قوی‌تر پسران در مقایسه با دختران بود. درمجموع یافته‌های این پژوهش مشخص ساخت باور به دنیای عادلانه در طول دوره نوجوانی کاهش می‌یابد.
Akbari, M., Golparvar, M., & kamkar, M. (2008). The relationship between Interpersonal trusts forgiveness, self-efficacy and religiosity with procedural and distributive beliefs of a just world. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 10(35), 53-80. [In Persian].
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480.
Asadi, S., Amiri, S., & Molavi, H. (2016). Cognitive development from adolescence through adulthood: formal operations.Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 13(50), 121-131. [In Persian].
Barreiro, A. (2013). The appropriation process of the belief in a just world. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 47(4), 431-449.
Barreiro, A., Arsenio, W. F., & Wainryb, C. (2019). Adolescents’ conceptions of wealth and societal fairness amid extreme inequality: An Argentine sample. Developmental Psychology, 55(3), 498-508.
Be`gue, L., & Bastounis, M. (2003). Two spheres of belief in justice: Extensive support for the bidimensional model of belief in a just world. Journal of Personality, 71(3), 435-463.
Bègue, L. (2002). Beliefs in justice and faith in people: Just world, religiosity and interpersonal trust. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(3), 375-382.
Correia, I., & Dalbert, C. (2007). Belief in a just world, justice concerns, and well-being at Portuguese schools. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22, 421-437.
Correia, I., & Vala, J. (2004). Belief in a just world, subjective well-being and trust of young adults. In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The justice motive in adolescence and young adulthood: Origins and consequences (pp. 85-100). London, UK: Routledge.
Correia, I., Kamble, S. V., & Dalbert, C. (2009). Belief in a just world and well-being of
bullies, victims and defenders: a study with Portuguese and Indian students. Stress, Anxiety
and Coping, 22(5), 497-508.
Dadsetan, P., & Tajrishi, M. (2004). Moral development and altruism in middle school students. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 1(2), 1-13. [In Persian].
Dalbert, C. (1999). The world is more just for me than generally: About the personal belief in a just world scale's validity. Social Justice Research, 12(2), 79-98.
Dalbert, C. (2001). The justice motive as a personal resource: Dealing with challenges and critical life events. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Dalbert, C., & Stoeber, J. (2005). The belief in a just world and distress at school. Social Psychology of Education, 8(2), 123-135.
Dalbert, C., & Stoeber, J. (2006). The personal belief in a just world and domain-specific beliefs about justice at school and in the family: A longitudinal study with adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(3), 200-207.
Dastranj, M. (2013). A study of the relationship between family characteristics and children’s socialization. Women and Family Studies, 6(22), 79-98. [In Persian].
Dette, D. E., Stöber, J., & Dalbert, C. (2004). Belief in a just world and adolescents’ vocational and social goals. In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The justice motive in adolescence and young adulthood (pp. 231-247). London: Routledge.
Donat, M., Knigge, M., & Dalbert, C. (2018). Being a good or a just teacher: Which experiences of teachers’ behavior can be more predictive of school bullying?Aggressive Behavior, 44(1), 29-39.
Donat, M., Peter, F., Dalbert, C., & Kamble, S. V. (2016). The meaning of students’ personal belief in a just world for positive and negative aspects of school-specific well-being. Social Justice Research, 29(1), 73-102.
Dzuka, J., & Dalbert, C. (2006). The belief in a just world’s impact on subjective well-being in
old age. Aging and Mental Health, 10, 439-444.
Ezazi, Sh. (2003). Sociology of the family: with emphasis on the role, structure and function of the family in contemporary times. Tehran: Roshangaran and Women's Studies Publishing. [In Persian].
Frank, D. H., Wertenbroch, K., & Maddux, W. W. (2015). Performance pay or redistribution? Cultural differences in just-world beliefs and preferences for wage inequality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 130, 160-170.
Golparvar, M., & Akbari, M. (2009). Belief in a just and unjust world "A look at differences of opinion in terms of demographic variables". Journal of Psychology and Religion, 2(4), 119-141. [In Persian].
Golparvar, M., & Akbari, M. (2010). The role of justice idealogie and just and unjust world belief on behavioral and evaluative justice of college students’ distress; Journal of Behavioral Science Research, 8(1), 11-24. [In Persian].
Golparvar, M., & Javadi, S. (2006). Relational model between just world beliefs for self and others with mental health Indicators: structural equations model. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 8(32), 109-122. [In Persian].
Golparvar, M., & Javadian, Z. (2011). Cognitive discriminations in belief in a just world among males and females. Women's Strategic Studies, 13(50 (winter 2011)), 125-152. [In Persian].
Golparvar, M., & Oreizi, H. (2007). A Comparative study on men and women’s attitude toward the fairness of the world. Women in Development & Politics, 4(4), 95-114. [In Persian].
Golparvar, M., & Oreizi, H. (2007). Validation of fair world questionnaires for oneself and others. Research Journal of Isfahan University, 4 (25): 193-212. [In Persian].
Golparvar, M., Abedini, M., & Shahangi, H. (2014). The role of belief in a just and an unjust world in connection between job stress and exhaustion with unethical behaviors. Journal of Psychological Methods and Models, 4(15), 103-117. [In Persian].
Hafiznia, M. (2010). Introduction to research methodology in humanities. Tehran: Samt. [In Persian].
Hua, X., Weiwei, L. I., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2018). Relationship of belief in a just world with depression and anxiety in migrant children and left-behind children. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 32(2), 142-147.
Jiang, R., Liu, R. D., Ding, Y., Zhen, R., Sun, Y., & Fu, X. (2018). Teacher justice and students’ class identification: Belief in a just world and teacher-student relationship as mediators. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 802.
Kim, E., & Park, H. (2018). Perceived gender discrimination, belief in a just world, self-esteem, and depression in Korean working women: A moderated mediation model. Women's Studies International Forum, 69, 143-150.
Laurin, K., Fitzsimons, G. M., & Kay, A. C. (2011). Social disadvantage and the self-regulatory function of justice beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(1), 149-171.
Lerner, M. J. (1980).The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York: Plenum Press.
Lipkus, I. (1991). The construction and preliminary validation of a global belief in a just world scale and the exploratory analysis of the multidimensional belief in a just world scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(11), 1171-1178.
Lipkus, I. M., Dalbert, C., & Siegler, I. C. (1996). The importance of distinguishing the belief in a just world for self versus for others: Implications for psychological well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(7), 666-677.
Lotfabadi, H. (2009). Developmental psychology 2: Adolescence, youth, and adulthood. Tenth edition, Tehran: Samat. [In Persian].
Mansour, M. (2013). Genetic psychology: Mental development from birth to old age. Fourteenth edition, Tehran: Samt. [In Persian].
Mansour, M., & Dadsetan, P. (1995). Piaget's standpoint on the scope of mental development. Tehran: Besat. [In Persian].
Molavi, H. (2016). Practical guide for amuse, spss in behavioral sciences: descriptive and inferential data analysis, path analysis and model fit. Isfahan: Pooyesh Andisheh. [In Persian].
Nartova-Bochaver, S., Donat, M., Astanina, N., & Rüprich, C. (2017). Russian Adaptations of General and Personal Belief in a Just World Scales: Validation and Psychometric Properties. Social Justice Research, 31(1), 61-84.
Nudelman, G., Otto, K., & Dalbert, C. (2016). Can belief in a just world buffer mood and career prospects of people in need of risk protection? First experimental evidence. Risk analysis, 36(12), 2247-2257.
O'Connor, W. E., Morrison, T. G., McLeod, L. D., & Anderson, D. (1996). A meta-analytic review of the relationship between gender and belief in a just world. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11(1), 141.
Oppenheimer, L. (2005). Justice and the belief in a just world: a developmental perspective. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(8), 1793-1803.
Oppenheimer, L. (2006). The belief in a just world and subjective perceptions of society: A developmental perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 29(4), 655-669.
Otto, K., & Dalbert, C. (2005). Belief in a just world and its functions for young prisoners. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(6), 559-573.
Peter, F., Dalbert, C., Kloeckner, N., & Radant, M. (2013). Personal belief in a just world, experience of teacher justice, and school distress in different class contexts. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(4), 1221-1235.
Rubin, Z., & Peplau, L. A. (1975). Who believes in a just world? Journal of Social Issues, 31(3), 65-89.
Sajadian, A., & Golparvar, M. (2008). Simple and multiple relations between just an unjust world beliefs with psychological state. Contemporary Psychology, Biannual Journal of the Iranian Psychological Association, 3(1), 33-42. [In Persian].
Sallay, H. (2004). Entering the job market. Belief in a just world, fairness and well-being of graduating students. In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The justice motive in adolescence and young adulthood: Origins and consequences (pp. 215-230). London, UK: Routledge.
Schindler, S., Wenzel, K., Dobiosch, S., & Reinhard, M. A. (2019). The role of belief in a just world for (dis) honest behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 142, 72-78.
Subbotsky, E. (2000). Phenomenalistic perception and rational understanding in the mind of an individual: A fight for dominance. In K. S. Rosengren, C. N. Johnson, & P. L. Harris (Eds.), Imagining the impossible: Magical, scientific, and religious thinking in children (pp. 35-74). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Sutton, R. M., & Douglas, K. M. (2005). Justice for all, or just for me? More evidence of the importance of the self-other distinction in just-world beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(3), 637-645.
Sutton, R. M., & Winnard, E. J. (2007). Looking ahead through lenses of justice: The relevance of just‐world beliefs to intentions and confidence in the future. British Journal of Social Psychology, 46(3), 649-666.
Sutton, R. M., Stoeber, J., & Kamble, S. V. (2017). Belief in a just world for oneself versus others, social goals, and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 113, 115-119.
Thomas, K. J., & Mucherah, W. M. (2016). How fair is my world? Development of just world beliefs among Kenyan students. Journal of Adolescence, 49, 244-253.
Thomas, K. J., & Napolitano, P. H. (2017). Educational privilege: The role of school context in the development just world beliefs among Brazilian adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 52, 106-113.
Tian, X. (2019). Negative life events and life satisfaction in university students: Belief in a just world as a mediator and moderator. Journal of Health Psychology, 24(4), 526-534.
Tomaka, J., & Blascovich, J. (1994). Effects of justice beliefs on cognitive appraisal of and subjective physiological, and behavioral responses to potential stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 732-740.
Wu, M. S., & Cohen, A. B. (2017). Justice concerns after school attacks: belief in a just world and support for perpetrator punishment among Chinese adults and adolescents. Social Justice Research, 30(3), 221-237.
Wu, M. S., Sutton, R. M., Yan, X., Zhou, C., Chen, Y., Zhu, Z., & Han, B. (2013). Time Frame and Justice Motive: Future Perspective Moderates the Adaptive Function of General Belief in a Just World. PLOS ONE, 8(11), 1-6.
Zuckerman, M., & Gerbasi, K. C. (1977). Belief in a just world and trust. Journal of Research in Personality, 11(3), 306-317.
_||_