توصیف و مقایسه تجربه زیسته بزرگسالان در دو پیک اول و دوم پاندمی کوید-19
الموضوعات :
نیکو پیشکاری
1
,
زهرا عبدخدایی
2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روان شناسی
دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی
تهران
2 - دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی
دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی
تهران
الکلمات المفتاحية: تجربه زیسته, قرنطینه, پاندمی, کوید-19,
ملخص المقالة :
این پژوهش با هدف توصیف و مقایسة تجربة زیستة بزرگسالان در دو پیک اول و دوم پاندمی کوید-19 انجام شد. این بررسی کیفی و با شیوة پدیدارشناسی توصیفی انجام شد. 14 شرکت‌کننده به روش نمونه‌برداری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و در دو مرحله و طی دو پیک ابتلا به کرونا در کشور مورد مصاحبة عمیق قرار گرفتند. داده‌های به دست آمده از مصاحبه‌ها به روش کلایزی تحلیل شد و با مصاحبة 12 نفر به اشباع رسید و برای اطمینان بیشتر تا 14 نفر ادامه یافت. نتایج پیک اول در 6 خوشة اصلی و 17 خوشة فرعی گردآوری شد. خوشه‌های اصلی شامل مواجهه با کرونا، نگرانی‌ها، بازخورد‌ها و ارزیابی تجربة کرونا، راهبردهای مواجهه، آثار کرونا و قرنطینه، کرونا و خانواده بود. خوشه‌های پیک دوم مشابه پیک اول بود و فقط خوشة فرعی "اولین مواجهه با کرونا" در پیک دوم حذف شد. در پیک اول افراد ضمن تجربة ترس و درگیری با چالش‌های فردی و اجتماعی، از راهبردهای هیجان‌محورتر برای سازگاری با بحران استفاده کردند. اما با گذر زمان، قرنطینه به فرصتی برای ایجاد سبک زندگی جدید تبدیل شد و این مهم ترین دستاورد افراد بود که برای تغییر و رشد فردی به کارگرفته شد.
Abdkhodaei, Z., Shahidi, S., Mazaheri, M. A., Panaghi, L., & Nejati, V. (2018). Spiritual/religious pattern in patient with Multiple Sclerosis: A qualitative study. Journal of Psychology, 22(3), 287-307. [In Persian].
Alizadeh Fard, S., & Saffarinia, M. (2019). The prediction of mental health based on the anxiety and the social cohesion that caused by Coronavirus.Quarterly Social Psychology Research, 9(36), 129-141. [In Persian].
Al-Rabiaah, A., Temsah, M. H., Al-Eyadhy, A. A., Hasan, G. M., Al-Zamil, F., Al-Subaie, S., Somily, A. M. (2020). Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(5), 687–691.
Asmundson, G. J. G., Taylor, S., Carleton, R. N., Weeks, J. W., & Hadjistavropoulos, H.D. (2012). Should health anxiety be carved at the joint? A look at the health anxiety construct using factor mixture modeling in a non-clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 246-51.
Banerjee, D., & Bhattacharya, P. (2020). Pandemonium of the pandemic: Impact of COVID-19 in India, focus on mental health. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(6), 588–592.
Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: Address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet, 395(10224), 37-38.
Berk, L. (2007). Development through the lifespan. Translated by Y.Seyed Mohammadi. Tehran: Arasbaran Publication. [In Persian].
Bialek, S., Boundy, E., Bowen, V., Chow, N., Cohn, A., Dowling, N., Ellington, S., Gierke, R., Hall, A., MacNeil, J., Patel, P., Peacock, G., Pilishvili, T., Razzaghi, H., Reed, N., Ritchey, M., & Sauber-Schatz, E. (2020). Severe outcomes among patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19)-United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(12), 343–346.
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 1-5.
Cohen, S., Murphy, M. L. M., & Prather, A. A. (2019). Ten surprising facts about stressful life events and disease risk. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 577- 597.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. 4th edition.United Kingdom, London: Sage Publication.
Ghara Zibaei, F., Aliakbari Dehkordi, M., Alipour, A., & Mohtashami, T. (2012). Efficacy of group logo therapy in the perceived Stress and life expectancy in MS patients. Journal of Research in Mental Health, 6(4), 12-20. [In Persian].
Ghorbani, H. (2009). The meaning of life in Viktor Frankls view. Semiannual Journal of Philosophical Meditations, 1(3), 35-57. [In Persian].
Gotzinger, F., Santiago-Garcia, B., Noguera-Julian, A., Lanaspa, M., Lancella, L., Calo Carducci, F.I., Gabrovska, N., Velizarova, S., Prunk, P., Osterman, V., Krivec, U., Lo Vecchio, A., Shingadia, D., Soriano-Arandes, A., Melendo, S., Lanari, M., Pierantoni, L., Wagner, N., L'Huillier, A.G., Heininger, U., Ritz, N., Bandi , S., Krajcar, N., Roglić, S., Santos, M., Christiaens, C., Creuven , M., Buonsenso, D., Welch, S.B, Bogyi, M., Brinkmann, F., & Tebruegge, M.(2020). Covid-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicenter cohort study. The lancet. Child & adolescent health, 4(9), 653-661.
Guo, J., Liao, L., Wang, B., Li, X., Guo, L., Tong, Z., Guan, Q., Zhou, M., Wu, Y., Zhang, J., Dardik, A. & Gu, Y. (2020). Psychological effects of Covid-19 on hospital staff: A national cross-sectional survey of China Mainland. Vascular Investigational & Therapy, 4(1), 1-6.
Hampton, K. N., Lu, W., & Shin, I. (2016). Digital media and stress: the cost of caring 2.0. Information, Communication & Society, 19(9), 1267-1286.
Kolpachnikov, V. (2013). Client-centered and existential approaches: Are they mostly similar or different? Higher school of economics research paper. Retrieved March 23, 2021 from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2352786 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2352786
Li, L., Wan, C., Ding, R., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Wu, Z., Liang, C., He, Z., &Li, C. (2015). Mental distress among Liberian medical staff working at the China Ebola Treatment Unit: a cross sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13(1), 1-6.
Marshall, J., Wiltshire, J., Delva, J., Bello, T., & Masys, AJ. (2020). Natural and manmade disasters: Vulnerable populations. Germany: Springer.
McLeod, S. A. (2018). Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. Simply psychology. Retrieved March 23, 2020 from https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html
Musapur, H., Changi Ashtiani, J., & Kahrobaei Kalkhuran Alya, M. (2020). Spiritual and existential growth and Covid19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Journal of Research in psychological Health, 14(1), 56-70. [In Persian].
Nagata, J. M. (2020). Supporting young adults to rise to the challenge of Covid-19. Journal of Adolescent Health: Official publication of the society for adolescent medicine, 67(2), 296-299.
Neinstein, L. S., Katzman, D. K., Callahan, T., Gordon, C. M., Joffe, A., & Rickert, V. (2016). Neinstein’s adolescent and young adult health care: A practical guide. 6th edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Nes, L. S. (2016). Optimism, pessimism, and stress. In G. Fink (Ed.), Handbook of stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior (pp. 405–411). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Pourfaraj, M., & Mahmoudian, T. (2020). The relationship between metacognition and metaemotion with distress tolerance: The mediating role of psychological flexibility. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranan Psychologist, 16(63), 333-341. [In Persian].
Priscilla, D., & Italiano, L. (2020) Coronavirus is making couples sick of each other: Lawyers see divorces surg. New York: New York Post.
Rashidi Fakari, F., & Simbar, M. (2020). Coronavirus pandemic and worries during pregnancy; A letter to editor. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 8(1), 21-22.
Rockliff, H. E., Lightman, S. L., Rhidian, E., Buchanan, H., Gordon, U., & Vedhara, K. (2014). A systematic review of psychosocial factors associated with emotional adjustment in in vitro fertilization patients. Human Reproduction Update,20(4), 594–613.
Rubin, G. J., & Wessely, S. (2020). The psychological effects of quarantining a city. British Medical Journal, 368(313), 1-2.
Sajjadian, A., Haghighat, S., Montazeri, A., Kazemzadeh, A., & Alavi Fili, A. (2011). Post diagnosid coping strategies patients with breast cance. Journal of Iranian Breast Diseases, 4(1), 352-58. [In Persian].
Schoch-Spana, M. (2020). Covid-19’s psychosocial impacts the pandemic is putting enormous stress on all of us but especially on health care workers and other specific groups. Scientific American. Retrieved March 23, 2020 from https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/covid-19s-psychosocial-impacts.
Sepehrinezhad, A., Momeni, J., Gorji, A., & Sahab Negah, S. (2020). Stress-induced immune dysfunction: Implications for intrapersonal and interpersonal processes. The Neuroscience Journal of Shafaye khatam, 8(2)93-106. [In Persian].
Soltani Benavandi, E. (2018). Family communication patterns and self-compassion: The mediating role of coping strategies for stress. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranan Psychologist, 15(58), 189-202. [In Persian].
Sun, N., Wei, L., Shi, S., Jiao, D., Song, R., Ma, L., Wang, H., Wang, C., Wang, Z., You, Y., Liu, S., & Wang, H. (2020). A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of Covid-19 patient. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(6), 592-598.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020a). Statement on the second meeting of the international health regulations (2005)emergency committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus. April 20, 2020 from https://www.who.int/newsroom/ detail/30-01-2020.
World Health Organization. (2020b). Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Situation report 15. Retrieved March 23, 2021 from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source.
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. Journal of American Medical Association, 323(13), 1239-1242.
Zhang, J., Wu, W., Zhao, X., & Zhang, W. (2020). Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: A model of West China hospital. Precision Clinical Medicine, 00(00), 1-6.
_||_