A Study on Energy Efficiency and Economic Productivity of New Zealand’s Agricultural Sector
الموضوعات :مجتبی عباسیان 1 , سینا احمدزاده ماشینچی 2 , باسیل شارپ 3
1 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه دریانوردی وعلوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران
2 - محقق واستاد دانشگاه اوکلند، نیوزیلند
3 - محقق واستاد دانشگاه اوکلند، نیوزیلند
الکلمات المفتاحية: energy, Productivity, Efficiency, agriculture, TSLS,
ملخص المقالة :
The realization of sustainable development depends on the efficient use of energy resources. Energy consumption productivity and efficiency are among important indices that play a critical role in explaining the behavior of energy consumption structure of different economic sectors, which in turn, plays a key role in policy making. From among economic sectors, the agriculture sector, as an important sector, depends on the consumption of energy as a factor underpinning agricultural production to a great extent. Thus, the present study tries to firstly calculate energy efficiency and productivity of agricultural sector, and then, investigate the relationship between production and energy consumption of New Zealand’s agricultural sector using simultaneous equations system and two-stage least squares method. The annual data of New Zealand agricultural economics are used for the period of 1990-2017. The results showed that agricultural sector’s energy consumption efficiency in New Zealand was mostly optimum according to energy efficiency index. In addition, estimation of energy equation revealed that the added value of agricultural sector had a positive influence on energy consumption growth. Among the other positively affecting variables, agricultural sector’s labour and energy consumption in the prior period could be mentioned. The negative sign of capital stock in the equation reflects the fact that the higher the investment in agricultural sector, the lower the energy consumption.
Abbasi Nejad, H., & Vafi Najar, D. (2004). A study on the efficiency and productivity of energy in different economic sectors and the estimation of input and price elasticity of energy in transportation industry. Journal of Economic Research, 39(30), 113-137 (in Persian).
Asgharpur, H., Behbudi, D., & Ghazvinian, M. (2008). Structural break: The case of natural gas consumption and economical growth in Iran. Energy Economics Review , 5 (19), 105-122 (in Persian).
Azamzadeh Shouraki, M., Khalilian, S., & Mortazavi, A. (2011). Selection of production function and estimation of important coefficient of energy in agricultural sector. Agricultural Economics and Development, 19(76), 75-100 (in Persian).
Behbudi, D., Asgharpur, H., & Ghazvinian, M. (2009). Structural break: Energy consumption and economic growth in Iran. The Economic Research , 9 (3), 53-84 (in Persian).
Berndt, E. R., & Wood, D. O. (1975). Technology, prices, and the derived demand for energy. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 57(3), 259-268.
Blitzer, C. R. (1981). Energy and the development: An overview of selected issues. Ed. Aver, U. S. A, Electrical Power Research Institute and Pergaman Press, USA, Pp. 471-477.
Boyd, G. A. (2014). Estimating the changes in the distribution of energy efficiency in the US automobile assembly industry. Energy Economics, 42, 81-87.
Bruno, M., & Sachs, J. D. (1985). Economics of worldwide stagflation. NBER Books.
Fallahi, A., & Khalilian, S. (2009) Long-term relationship between production factors and added value of the agricultural sector: The application of convergent approach. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resources Science, 16, 339-350 (in Persian).
Ghanbari, A., Khaksar Astaneh, S., & Khaksar Astaneh, H. (2014). Factors affecting energy productivity in agricultural sector of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Economics Research , 6 (21), 1-21 (in Persian).
Gökhan, U., & Başak, A. (2018). A comparison of energy use efficiency and economic analysis of wheat and sunflower production in Turkey: A case study in Thrace Region. Energy, 149(C), 279-285.
Gujarati, D.N (2003). Basic Economicetrics. 4th Edition, New York: McGraw Hill.
Halkos, G. E., & Tzeremes, N. G. (2013). Renewable energy consumption and economic efficiency: Evidence from European countries. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 5(4), Paper 44136.
Karkacier, O., Goktolga, Z. G., & Cicek, A. (2006). A regression analysis of the effect of energy use in agriculture. Energy Policy, 34 (18), 3796-3800.
Miketa, A., & Mulder, P. (2003). Energy-productivity convergence across developed and developing countries in 10 manufacturing sectors. International Institute for Applied System Analysis Schlossplatz 1, A2361 Luxemburg, Austria, Interim Report, IR-03-068.
Po-Chi, C. H. E. N., Ming-Miin, Y. U., Chang, C. C., & Shih-Hsun, H. S. U. (2008). Total factor productivity growth in China's agricultural sector. China Economic Review, 19 (4), 580-593.
Rasekhi, S., Shahrazi, M., Sheidayi, Z., Jafari, M., & Dehghan, Z. (2016). A nexus between environmental and economical efficiency: New evidence to developing and developed countries. Journal of Economic Research and Policies , 24 (78), 31-56 (in Persian).
Rostami, S., Lotfalian, M., Hosseinzadeh Samani, B., & Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M. (2018). Energy flows modeling and economic evaluation of watermelon production in Fars Province of Iran. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 8(1), 65-79.
Tahir, M., & Faiza K. (2017). Long Run Relationship between Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth in Pakistan: Time Series Data Analysis. Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 13(January–December), 105-120.
