Post-Harvest Losses and Reduction Techniques in Crop Production: A Review.

الموضوعات :

Tolulope Ogedengbe ¹ , Olorunfemi Malomo ² , Nike Akanji ³

1 - Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
2 - Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
3 - Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

تاريخ الإرسال : 16 الجمعة , ذو الحجة, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 24 الخميس , ربيع الأول, 1444 تاريخ الإصدار : 07 الخميس , جمادى الأولى, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: Technology, farmers, losses, Crop, Post-harvest,

ملخص المقالة :

Post-Harvest Losses are fast becoming a major problem causing huge losses for farmers and various countries at large. This challenge has resulted in various attempts to reduce the losses as much as possible. Crop production is essential to food security sustenance, hence post-harvest losses are undesirable as it results in a threat to life and a reduction in Farmers income. This study reviews post-harvest losses, with the focus on developing countries, as they are mostly affected. It is imperative to study post-harvest loss taking cognizance of its ability to pose threat on food security most especially in the developing countries where a high post-harvest loss occurs during storage. The post-harvest losses in vegetables, fruits, and cereals were studied. Measures and technologies that can be adopted to reduce post-harvest losses has been discussed. Many developing countries are still struggling to minimize post-harvest losses because of lack of modern techniques, technologies and approaches, and this has continued to cause food insecurity across many developing nations. Smart farming techniques like the internet of time (iot), extension trainings and the use of various advance storage structures has been identified as measures for reducing post-harvest losses of crops. The application of these measures will drastically reduce post-harvest losses and this reduction will definitely result in a wider advantage.

المصادر:

1. Abass A.B., Ndunguru G., Mamiro P., Alenkhe B., Mlingi N., Bekunda M. (2014). Post-harvest food losses in a maizebased farming system of semi-arid savannah area of Tanzania. J Stored Prod Res. 57:49–57. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jspr.2013.12.004


2. Abedin M., Rahman M., Mia M., Rahman K. (2012). In-store losses of rice and ways of reducing such losses at farmers’ level: an assessment in selected regions of Bangladesh. J Bangladesh Agric Univ. 10:133–144. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12105


3. Adebisi, O.A., Adebisi, L.O., Ibrahim., F., Omofaiye, A.M. and Jonathan, A. (2021). Covid-19 Lockdown: Implication on Commodity Food Price and Household Food Security in Kwara State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Science Research and Technology in Education and Education System, 11(3):173-179.


4. Aulakh J., Regmi A., Fulton J.R., Alexander C.(2013). Estimating post-harvest food losses: developing a consistent global estimation framework. In: Proceedings of the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association’s 2013 AAEA & CAES joint annual meeting, Washington, DC, USA, 4– 6 August 2013.


5. Alavi H.R., Htenas A., Kopicki R., Shepherd A.W., Clarete R (2012). Trusting trade and the private sector for food security in Southeast Asia. World Bank Publications, Washington, DC


6. Boxall, R. (2002). Damage and loss caused by the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus. Integr. Pest Manag. Rev. 7, 105–121.


7. Costa S.J. (2014). Reducing food losses in sub-Saharan Africa (Improving post-harvest management and storage technologies of smallholder farmers). UN World Food Programme, Kampala.


8. Deepak K. and Prasanta K. (2017). Reducing Postharvest Losses during Storage of Grain Crops to Strengthen Food Security in Developing Countries Foods, 6, 8; doi:10.3390/foods6010008.


9. Dharmathilake, N.R.D.S., Rosairo, H.S.R., Ayoni, V.D.N,. and Herath, R.M. (2020). Implications of Post-Harvest Losses and Acreage Response of Selected Up-Country Vegetables from Nuwara-Eliya District in Sri Lanka on Sustained Food Security.The Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Sri Lanka Vol. 15, No. 1, January 2020. Pp 88-100 http://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v15i1.8674.


10. Etebu, E., Nwauzoma, A., Bawo, D. (2013). Postharvest Spoilage of Tomato and Control Strategies in Nigeria. IISTE, 3, Pp. 61. Retrieved from https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31805861/Postharvest_Spoilage_of_Tomato_%28Lycopersicon_esculentum_Mill.%29_and_Control_Strategies_in_Nigeria.pd?1377842951=&responsecontentdisposition=inline%3B+filename%3DInternational_Institute_for_Scien ce_Tech.


11. European Commission (2016). EU platform on food losses and food waste. https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/ files/safety/docs/fw_eu-actions_flw-platform_tor.pdf. Accessed 03 Mar 2018.


12. Food and Agricultural Organization (2011), Global food losses and waste: extent, causes and prevention.


13. Food and Agricultural Organization (2017a) Save Food: global initiative on food loss and waste reduction, key findings. http://www.fao.org/ savefood/resources/keyfindings/en. Accessed 31 Jan 2021


14. Food and Agricultural Organization (2017b) SAVE FOOD: global initiative on food loss and waste reduction, key findings. http://www.fao.org/ save-food/resources/keyfindings/en. Accessed 25 May 2021.


15. Food and Agricultural Organization, LEI (2015) Potential impacts on sub-Saharan Africa of reducing food loss and waste in the European Union – a focus on food prices and price transmission effects (Rutten M, Verma M, Mhlanga N, Bucatariu C). FAO, Rome


16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2014) Global initiative on food losses and waste reduction. FAO, Rome.


17. Food and Agricultural Organization (2009). How to Feed the World in 2050. Rome: FAO. Available from: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/w sfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_ World_in_ 2050.pdf (verified 23 September 2010)


18. Food and Agricultural Organization (2017b) SAVE FOOD: global initiative on food loss and waste reduction, key findings. http://www.fao.org/ save-food/resources/keyfindings/en. Accessed 25 May 2018


19. Fox T. (2013). Global Food: Waste Not, Want Not; Institution of Mechanical Engineers: Westminster, London, UK


20. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food Wastage Footprint—Impacts on Natural Resources; FAO: Rome, Italy, 2013.


21. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Toolkit: Reducing the Food Wastage Footprint; FAO: Rome, Italy, 2013.


22. Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. Post-Harvest Losses of Rice in Nigeria and Their Ecological Footprint; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH: Bonn/Eschborn, Germany, 2014


23. Gill J.S. & Sharma S. (2021). Post-Harvest Losses of Cereals in Developing Countries: A Review, Canadian Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences. Volume 1, Issue 1, ppg 01-08.


24. Godfray HChJ, Beddington JR, Crute IR, Haddad L, Lawrence D, Muir JF, Pretty J, Robinson S, Thomas SM, Toulmin C (2010) Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science 327:812–818.


25. Hodges, R.J., Buzby, J.C. and Bennett, B. (2011). Postharvest losses and waste in developed and less developed countries: opportunities to improve resource use. J. Agric. Sci., 149 : 37-45.


26. Ileleji K.E. 2010. Fundamental of Stored Grain Management. USNigerian Commodity Storage Workshop. Unpublished Training manual. Food Reserves and Storage Department, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nigeria. 1: 1-13.


27. Jagjeet Singh Gill & Surabhi Sharma (2021). Post-Harvest Losses of Cereals in Developing Countries: A Review. CJAAS (2021)1 (1): 01-08.


28. Kader, A.A. (2002). Postharvest biology and technology: An overview, In: Postharvest technology of horticultural crops. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Special Public, 3311: 39-47.


29. Kader, A.A. (2005). Increasing food availability by reducing postharvest losses of fresh produce, Proceeding of 5th International Postharvest Symposium, pp. 2169-2175


30. Kitinoja L. (2013) Innovative small-scale postharvest technologies for reducing losses in horticultural crops. Ethiop J Appl Sci Technol 1:9–15


31. Majumder S., Bala B, Arshad FM, Haque M, Hossain M (2016) Food security through increasing technical efficiency and reducing postharvest losses of rice production systems in Bangladesh. Food Secur 8:361–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0558-x


32. Nagpal M. and Kumar A. (2012). Grain losses in India and government policies. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods 4:143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757- 837X.2012.00 150


33. Naresh Singh Bist, Pratibha Bist (2021). Role Of Microorganisms In Post-Harvest Loss Of Agricultural Products: A Review. Sustainability in Food and Agriculture, 2(1): 01-04.


34. Nayak, Archit Kumar, Singh, Nahar and Kumar, Dinesh (2018). An economic study of post-harvest losses of banana in Durg district of Chhattisgarh. Internat. Res. J. Agric. Eco. & Stat., 9(1) : 82- 89, DOI : 10.15740/HAS/IRJAES/9.1/82-89


35. Nita K. and Aradhita B. (2022). Technologies for Reducing Post Harvest Losses for Sustainable Food System. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366635271


36. Obiedzińska (2017) Impact of food losses and waste on food security. Sci J Warsaw Univ Life Sci Warsaw Probl World Agric 17(32)(1):125–141. https://doi.org/ 10.22630/PRS.2017.17.1.12.


37. Ogedengbe and Akanji (2022). The Influence of Household Decision Making on Vegetable Farming among Rural Women in Kwara. (IJASRT EESs). 2022; 12(3): 159-165. http://ijasrt.iau-shoushtar.ac.ir


38. Parfitt, J.; Barthel, M.; Macnaughton, S (2010) Food waste within food supply chains: Quantification and potential for change to 2050. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 365, 3065–3081.


39. Schmidt, M., Zannini, E., Arendt, E.K., 2018. Recent Advances in Physical Post-Harvest Treatments for Shelf-Life Extension of Cereal Crops. Foods, 7 (4), Pp. 45. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7040045


40. Singh, V., Md. Hedayetullah, Zaman, P. and Meher, J. (2014). Postharvest technology of fruits and vegetables: An overview. J. Postharvest Technol., 2 (2): 124-135.


41. Sisay D. (2022), Post harvest losses of crops and it's determinants in Ethiopia: tobit model analysis. Agriculture & food security.11:13 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-022-00357-6


42. Sreenivasa Murthy, D., Gajanana, T.M., Sudha, M. and Dakshinamoorthy, V. (2007). Marketing losses and their impact on marketing margins: A case study of banana in Karnataka. Agric. Econ. Res. Rev., 20 : 47-60.


43. Yahaya, S., Mardiyya, A., 2019. Review of Post-Harvest Losses of Fruits and Vegetables. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 13 (4), Pp. 10192-10200. doi:10.26717/BJSTR.2019.13.002448


44. Zorya, S.; Morgan, N.; Diaz Rios, L.; Hodges, R.; Bennett, B.; Stathers, T.; Mwebaze, P.; Lamb, J. Missing Food: The Case of Postharvest Grain Losses in Sub-Saharan Africa; The international bank for reconstruction and development/the world bank: Washington, DC, USA, 2011.