Growth, Flowering, and Durability of Gladiolus Affected by Foliar Application of Calcium from Different Sources and at Different Doses
الموضوعات : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Mohammad Ali Khalaj
1
(
Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran
)
Mohammad Hossein Azimi
2
(
Department Genetic and Breeding, Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran
)
Behzad Edrisi
3
(
Director, Department of Postharvest Physiology and Technology, National Institute of Ornamental Plants (NIOP)
)
Pegah Sayyad-Amin
4
(
Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Quality, Vase life, Quantity, Pre-harvest, Stems bending,
ملخص المقالة :
Gladiolus is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, especially in Iran. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of spraying different calcium doses and sources on quality and quantity of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. Rose Supreme. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The calcium concentrations were 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 g L-1 and its sources were CaCl2 and CaNo3 with three replications, during two years in 2017-2019. The data revealed that foliar application of calcium doses had significant effects on most quality and quantity growth parameters. Increase calcium doses stimulated flower stalk height, flowering stem diameter, spike length, inflorescence fresh and dry weight, inflorescence bending, vase life, and leaf calcium concentration. Calcium at a dose of 1.2 g L-1 increased flower stem bending and diameter resulted in expanded vase life by 26.5 and 36.7 %, respectively compared to control. Therefore, pre-harvest foliar application of calcium nitrate at 1.2 g L-1 level increased leaf calcium concentration and stems bending that led to the delay of senescence and therefore increased flower longevity. In this experiment, we had not any limitations and everything was well done. Use of calcium fertilizers improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gladiolus flowers.
Abdolmaleki, M., Khosh-Khoi, M., Eshghi, S. and Ramzanian, A. 2015. Improvement in vase life of cut rose cv. Dolce Vita by preharvest foliar application of calcium chloride and salicylic acid. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 2(1):55-66.
Aghdam, M., Asil, M.H., Ghasemnezhad, M. and Mirkhalaei, S.A.A.M. 2019.Effects of pre-harvest applications of different source of calcium on the cell wall fractions and stem bending disorder of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) cultivar flowers. Advances in Horticultural Science, 33(1): 57-65.
Ahmad, M. and Rab, A. 2019. Calcium effects on post-harvest attributes and vase life of Gladiolus using different methods of application. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 52(1):167-179.
Al-Hasnawi, H.A., Hussein, J.K. and Khaleel, T.H., 2019. Effect of growth regulators and preservative solution on vase life and water relation of Gladiolus hybrida L. after cut flowers. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 182-191.
Arfaoui, A., El Hadrami, A., Adam, L.R. and Daayf, F. 2016. Pre-treatment with calcium enhanced defense-related genes'' expression in the soybean''s isoflavones pathway in response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 93:12-21.
Azimi, M.H. 2019. Progeny test of crosses among different cultivars of gladiolus. Journal of Plant Productions, 41(4): 29-35. https://doi.org/10.22055/PPD.2018.21501.1460
Azimi, M.H. 2020a. Evaluation yield and genetically factors in different cultivars of Gladiolus. Ornamental Horticulture, 26(1):7-18. https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v26i1.2027
Azimi, M.H. 2020b. Heterosis and genetic diversity in the crossings of Gladiolus cultivars Amsterdam and White Prosperity. Ornamental Horticulture, 26(2): 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v26i2.2095
Azimi, M.H. and Banijamali, S.M. 2019. Introducing superior cultivars of Gladiolus by important quality and quantity indexes. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 9(1): 33-40.
Azimi, M.H., Edrisi, B. and Khalaj, M.A. 2020. Evaluation of genetic parameters and corm let yield in Gladiolus off spring. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 10(1): 37-47.
Banijamali, S.M., Feizian, M., Bayat, H. and Mirzaei, S. 2018. Effects of nitrogen forms and calcium amounts on growth and elemental concentration in Rosa hybrida cv. Vendentta. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(9):1205-1213.
Belge, B., Goulao, L.F., Comabella, E., Graell, J. and Lara, I. 2017. Refrigerated storage and calcium dips of ripe ‘Celeste’ sweet cherry fruit: Combined effects on cell wall metabolism. Scientia Horticulturae, 219: 182-190.
Buchanan, B.B. and Gruissem, W. 2015. Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. Jones R.L. (Eds.). John Wiley and Sons, p.150.
Chore, K.J., Mwangi, M., Karori, S.M. and Kibe, A.M. 2020. Changes in carbohydrates associated with senescence of cut gladiolus spikes under pulsing and wet cold storage durations. African Crop Science Journal, 28(1):41-53.
Choi, J.M., Lee, K.H. and Lee, E.M. 2004. Effect of calcium concentrations in fertilizer solution on growth of and nutrient uptake by Oriental hybrid lily ''Casa Blanca''. Acta Horticulturae, 673: 755-760.
Combrink, N.J. 2018. Calcium improves gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) vase life. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 35(3): 235-236.
Ezhilmathi, K., Singh, V.P., Arora, A. and Sairam, R.K. 2007. Effect of 5-sulfosalicylic acid on antioxidant activity in relation to vase life of Gladiolus cut flowers. Plant Growth Regulation, 51: 99-108.
Gómez-Pérez, L., Valdez-Aguilar, L.A., Candena-Zapata, M., Cartimili, D.L., Cartmill, A.D. and Benavides-Mendoza, A. 2018. Biomass and accumulation of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in gladiolus as affected by heat units and corm size. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 49(3): 344-357.
Hamedan, H.J., Sohani, M.M., Aalami, A. and Nazarideljou, M.J. 2019. Genetic engineering of lignin biosynthesis pathway improved stem bending disorder in cut gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) flowers. Scientia Horticulturae, 245: 274-279.
Hosseini Farahi, M. and Aboutalebi Jahroomi, A. 2018. Effect of pre-harvest foliar application of polyamines and calcium sulfate on vegetative characteristics and mineral nutrient uptake in Rosa hybrida. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 8(4): 241-253.
Jabbar, A., Tehranifar, A. and Shuor, M. 2017. Effect of different treatments of putrescine, nutrition and media on some morphological and biochemical parameters of two gladiolus cultivars under soilless conditions. Indian Horticulture Journal, 7(2): 142-148.
Khalaj, M.A., Kiani, S., Khosgoftarmanesh, A.H. and Amoaghaie, R. 2017. Growth, quality, and physiological characteristics of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) cut flowers in response to different NO3−: NH4+ ratios. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 58(4): 313-323.
Khalaj, M.A. and Noroozisharaf, A. 2020. Efficiency of ammonium and nitrate ratios on macronutrient content and morphological properties of Gerbera jamesonii cut flower. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 85(3): 281-289.
Marschner, H. 2012. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. ED 3. Australia. Academic press, Elsevier, pp. 71.
Michailidis, M., Karagiannis, E., Tannou, G., Karamanoli, K., Lazaridou, A., Matsi, T. and Molassiotis, A. 2017. Metabolomic and physico-chemical approach unravel dynamic regulation of calcium in sweet cherry fruit physiology. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 116: 68-79.
Moallaye- Mazraei, S., Chehrazi, M. and Khaleghi, E. 2020. The effect of calcium nanochelate on morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and vase life of three cultivars of Gerbera under hydroponic system. Journal of Plant Production, 43(1): 53-66.
Mohammadbagheri, L. and Naderi, D. 2017. Effect of growth medium and calcium nano-fertilizer on quality and some characteristics of gerbera cut flower. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 7(3): 205-213.
Mortazavi, S.N., Bagheri, F. and Bahodoran, M. 2016. Some characteristics of tuberose as affected by pre-harvest application of calcium chloride and gibberellic acid. Advances in Horticultural Science, 30(2): 69-74.
Reddy, A.R.G. and Sarkar, M.M. 2016.Studies on the effect of foliar application of calcium on post-harvest, corm and corm let production in gladiolus cv. Summer Sunshine. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology, 9(1): 89-94.
Seyedi, N., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Allahyari, M.S. 2013.Investigating of the effects of calcium concentration under hydroponic conditions on quantitative and qualitative growth of Lilium ‘Tresor’. Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 3 (1): 19-24.
Sharifi, B. and Naderi, D. 2019. Effects of some mineral substrates on qualitative and quantitative traits of tuberose (Polianthus tuberosa L.). International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 6(1): 101-112.
Sharma, J., Gupta, A.K., Kumar, C. and Gautam, R.K.S. 2013. Influence of zinc, calcium and boron on vegetative and flowering parameters of Gladiolus cv. Aldebran. The Bioscan, 8(4):1153-1158.
Shiri, M.A., Ghasemnezhad, M., Fatahi Moghadam, J. and Ebrahimi, R. 2016. Effect of CaCl2 sprays at different fruit development stages on postharvest keeping quality of “Hayward” kiwifruit. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 40(4): 624-635.
Zhao, H., Chengyan, Y., Meyer, M.H. and Hall, R.C. 2016. Factors affecting U.S. consumer expenditures of fresh flowers and potted plants. HortTechnology, 26: 484–492.
Zhao, D., Tang, Y., Xia, X., Sun, J., Meng, J., Shang, J. and Tao, J. 2019. Integration of transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome provides insights into how calcium enhances the mechanical bending of herbaceous peony inflorescence stems. Cells, 8(102): 1-22.
