بررسی آثار و پیامدهای اقامتگاه های بومگردی بر جوامع روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای کنگ و درخت سپیدار استان خراسان رضوی)
الموضوعات :خدیجه بوزر جمهری 1 , فهیمه جعفری 2 , علیرضا معینی 3
1 - دانشیار حغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 - دانشجو دکتری جغرافیا برنامه ریزی روستایی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 - پژوهشگر جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، پژوهشکده گردشگری، دانشجو دکتری جغرافیا برنامه ریزی روستایی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: اقامتگاه بومگردی, روستای درخت سپیدار, اقامتگاه کنگ کهن, اقامتگاه جاده ابریشم,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: پژوهش های نظری و تجربی نشان می دهد، اقامتگاه های بوم گردی، نقش مهمی در توسعه و جذب گردشگران ایفا می کند و تأثیرات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی بسیاری بر جامعۀ میزبان دارد. هدف: پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و مقایسۀ آثار و پیامدهای اقامتگاه های بوم گردی پرداخته است. روش شناسی تحقیق: روش تحقیق، توصیفی- تحلیلی است و برای گردآوری اطلاعات از روشهای کتابخانهای و میدانی استفاده شده است. جهت انتخاب حجم نمونه از فرمول کوکران استفاده گردید. براساس فرمول کوکران 184 نفر از روستای کنگ و 77 نفر از روستای درخت سپیدار به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند و مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفتند. میزان اعتبار (روایی شاخص ها) را 10 نفر از داوران متخصص در حوزة مطالعات گردشگری ارزیابی و تأیید کردند. پایایی پرسش نامه با بهره گیری از آزمون کرونباخ 0.79 به دست آمد و داده ها در قالب روش تحلیل عاملی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. با توجه به میزان شاخص آزمون کایزر مایر (KMO) و بارتلت که برابر با 797/0 و با سطح معناداری 000/0 به دست آمد. قلمرو جغرافیایی پژوهش: روستای کنگ (شهرستان طرقبه شاندیز) و درخت سپیدار (شهرستان مشهد) در استان خراسان رضوی می باشد. یافته ها و بحث: نتایج نشان می دهد که ایجاد اقامتگاه از بُعد اقتصادی و زیست محیطی و کالبدی با میزان 75/0 و 74/0 بیشترین بار عاملی را به خود اختصاص می دهند. برای پی بردن به تفاوت اثرات اقامتگاه های بوم گردی در روستاهای کنگ و درخت سپیدار از آزمون یومان ویتنی استفاده شد و مقدار سطح معناداری بیشتر از 05/0 به دست آمد که نشان دهنده تفاوت اثرات اقتصادی و زیست محیطی در روستاهای مورد مطالعه است.
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Hashemi, S., Khosravi, Z. (2016). The Impact of Eco-Residential Construction on Local Community Participation and Empowerment Case Study: Simin Dasht Region, Journal Heritage & Tourism, 1, 56-76. (In Persian)
Holland, J., Burian, M., & Dixey, L. (2003). Tourism in Poor Rural Areas.
Jones, E., & Haven, C. (2005). Tourism SMEs, service quality, and destination competitiveness. CABI.
Lotfi, S. Ramazanzadeh Lsbuee, M. & Ebrahimian, M. (2017). Assessing people's attitude towards the role of education in the tendency to entrepreneurship of Ecotourism (case study: Salt pan and desert region of Khor and Biabanak). Journal of Planning and Tourism Development, 21, 54-76. (In Persian)
Masrori Janat, N., & Falahat, M. S. (2015). The role of wilderness in sustainable ecological development (Case study of wilderness in Lovzan forest park). First Iranian Architectural and Urban Design Conference, Advanced Institute of Science and Technology-wise customary Shiraz. Iran. (In Persian)
Mathews, J. A. (2002). Dragon multinational: A new model for global growth. Oxford University Press on Demand
Mazaherian, h. Vziari, R. (2014). Design of leisure-tourism camps (case study: Silvana). Human Geography Researches, 4 (Volume 46), 719-730.
Mirzade Kohshaei, A. Dehghani, A. (2016). The role of Bandar Abbas Eco-tourism potential in attracting tourists. Journal of Hormozgan Cultural Research Review, 11,11-24. (In Persian)
Niknejad, M., Mahdavi, A., & Karami, O. (2013). Environmental impacts of tourism with an emphasis on ecotourism. The National Conference of environmental hazards Zagros, Khorramabad, Iran. (In Persian)
Noori, GH & Taqizadeh, Z. (2012). Assessment of Sarab Nilufar Bioclimatic Comfort with Evanz and (Thermo-Hydrometric) Indicators for Ecotourism Activities. Wetland ecobiology (wetland), 12, 41-50. (In Persian)
Roshanali, M. & Riahi, V. (2017). The role of Ecotourism in economic development of rural areas (case study: Panj Hezareh Rural District of Behshahr County). Geographical Quarterly Tourism Space 25 (Volume 7), 51-66. (In Persian)
RostamPisheh.M, Nasir Salami.M & Tizghalam Zonouzi, S. (2019). An Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Physical Structures in Eco-Tourism Resorts (Case Study: Telarkhaneh Bordbar and Deylmay Gasht; Guilan Province). Journal of Physical Development Planning, 4, 54-76. (In Persian)
Salehi Fard, M. 2009. Rural tourism, nature and concept. Tourism, 23-24, 60-66. (In Persian)
Salehi, S. Moradi Asl, A & Abdoli,F. (2017). Ecotourism Development with an Emphasis on Local Communities’ Participation (Case Study: The Village of Janat Rudbar, Ramsar County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 19, 1855-199. (In Persian).
Tavakolan, A. & Davari, A. (2017). Ecotourism dwellings an Opportunity for Sustainable Development, CASE STUDY: Capacities of Ecotourism of East Azarbaijan Province. International Conference on Modern Researches in Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Management and Natural environment. Karaj: Shahriyar Higher Education Institution. (In Persian)
Tavalaee, S. (2006). Ecotourism with Emphasis on Tourism Attractions of Golestan Province. Geographical researches, 58, 113-125. (In Persian).
Zahedi, Sh. A. (2006). Foundations of Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism. Tehran: Allameh Tabataba'i University Press. (In Persian)
Zarghami Brujeni, h. Shalibafian, A. (2017). Tourism Policy of Countries (Comparative Study). Tehran: Makameh prees. (In Persian)
_||_Akbari, A. & Gharakhlou, M. (2010). Ecotourism (a new concept in tourism geography). Tehran: the choice. (In Persian)
Andriotis, K. (2002). Scale of hospitality firms and local economic development—evidence from Crete. Tourism Management, 23(4), 333-341 .
Annabestani, A. A & Giyahi, H. (2018). Study and analysis of the effects of the creation of Ecotourism residences on the development of rural settlements (sample: Radkan village of Chenaran County). Spatial Planning, 2 (Volume 8), 1-24. (In Persian)
Azizi, K. Rastgar, S. Heydari, G & Jafariyan, Z. (2019). The socio-economic impacts of ecotourism on local community empowerment Case: Baladeh District, Mazandaran Province. Journal of Space economy and rural development, 27, 79-98. (In Persian).
Bouzarjomehri, Kh. Shayan, H., Akhlaghi M. (2019). The role of ecolojes on economic socio development of rural women (Case study: Rurals of Kashmar county), Conference on woman and rural tourism development, Kashmar city. (In Persian).
Brouj, A. (2012). Comparative study of Ecotourism dwellings of desert areas in terms of sustainable development of tourism. Tehran: Master thesis, Allameh Tabataba'i University. (In Persian)
Buzarjomehri, Kh. (2017). Development of Ecotourism residences in the country of Iran, provinces and the County of Ferdows. Regional Conference on Tourism Capacities and Development of Ferdows County. (In Persian)
Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province. (2018). (In Persian)
Faraji Rad, A & Ehsani, A. (2011). The study of the effect of local residences (Ecotourism Khousheh SAR) on the promotion of the local community's level of living with emphasis on the village of Garmeh and Shib Deraz. Geographic Quarterly of Territory, 3, 63-77. (In Persian)
Fenel, D. (2006). Introduction to Ecotourism. (J. Oladi, translator) Mazandaran University Press. (In Persian)
Hashemi, N. 2010. The Role of Ecosystem in Rural Sustainable Development. Quarterly of Village and Development, 3, 173-188. (In Persian)
Hashemi, S., Khosravi, Z. (2016). The Impact of Eco-Residential Construction on Local Community Participation and Empowerment Case Study: Simin Dasht Region, Journal Heritage & Tourism, 1, 56-76. (In Persian)
Holland, J., Burian, M., & Dixey, L. (2003). Tourism in Poor Rural Areas.
Jones, E., & Haven, C. (2005). Tourism SMEs, service quality, and destination competitiveness. CABI.
Lotfi, S. Ramazanzadeh Lsbuee, M. & Ebrahimian, M. (2017). Assessing people's attitude towards the role of education in the tendency to entrepreneurship of Ecotourism (case study: Salt pan and desert region of Khor and Biabanak). Journal of Planning and Tourism Development, 21, 54-76. (In Persian)
Masrori Janat, N., & Falahat, M. S. (2015). The role of wilderness in sustainable ecological development (Case study of wilderness in Lovzan forest park). First Iranian Architectural and Urban Design Conference, Advanced Institute of Science and Technology-wise customary Shiraz. Iran. (In Persian)
Mathews, J. A. (2002). Dragon multinational: A new model for global growth. Oxford University Press on Demand
Mazaherian, h. Vziari, R. (2014). Design of leisure-tourism camps (case study: Silvana). Human Geography Researches, 4 (Volume 46), 719-730.
Mirzade Kohshaei, A. Dehghani, A. (2016). The role of Bandar Abbas Eco-tourism potential in attracting tourists. Journal of Hormozgan Cultural Research Review, 11,11-24. (In Persian)
Niknejad, M., Mahdavi, A., & Karami, O. (2013). Environmental impacts of tourism with an emphasis on ecotourism. The National Conference of environmental hazards Zagros, Khorramabad, Iran. (In Persian)
Noori, GH & Taqizadeh, Z. (2012). Assessment of Sarab Nilufar Bioclimatic Comfort with Evanz and (Thermo-Hydrometric) Indicators for Ecotourism Activities. Wetland ecobiology (wetland), 12, 41-50. (In Persian)
Roshanali, M. & Riahi, V. (2017). The role of Ecotourism in economic development of rural areas (case study: Panj Hezareh Rural District of Behshahr County). Geographical Quarterly Tourism Space 25 (Volume 7), 51-66. (In Persian)
RostamPisheh.M, Nasir Salami.M & Tizghalam Zonouzi, S. (2019). An Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Physical Structures in Eco-Tourism Resorts (Case Study: Telarkhaneh Bordbar and Deylmay Gasht; Guilan Province). Journal of Physical Development Planning, 4, 54-76. (In Persian)
Salehi Fard, M. 2009. Rural tourism, nature and concept. Tourism, 23-24, 60-66. (In Persian)
Salehi, S. Moradi Asl, A & Abdoli,F. (2017). Ecotourism Development with an Emphasis on Local Communities’ Participation (Case Study: The Village of Janat Rudbar, Ramsar County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 19, 1855-199. (In Persian).
Tavakolan, A. & Davari, A. (2017). Ecotourism dwellings an Opportunity for Sustainable Development, CASE STUDY: Capacities of Ecotourism of East Azarbaijan Province. International Conference on Modern Researches in Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Management and Natural environment. Karaj: Shahriyar Higher Education Institution. (In Persian)
Tavalaee, S. (2006). Ecotourism with Emphasis on Tourism Attractions of Golestan Province. Geographical researches, 58, 113-125. (In Persian).
Zahedi, Sh. A. (2006). Foundations of Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism. Tehran: Allameh Tabataba'i University Press. (In Persian)
Zarghami Brujeni, h. Shalibafian, A. (2017). Tourism Policy of Countries (Comparative Study). Tehran: Makameh prees. (In Persian)