تحلیل اثرات سرمایه اجتماعی بر بهبود تاب‌آوری روستاییان پیرامون مدیریت بحران زلزله (مطالعه موردی: دهستان ازومدل شمالی، شهرستان ورزقان)
الموضوعات :
1 - استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری و روستایی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ادربیل، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: سرمایه اجتماعی, استان آذربایجان شرقی, سانحه, تاب آوری سوانح,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف این مقاله مطالعه و تحلیل اثرات سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود تاب‌آوری روستاییان پیرامون مدیریت سانحه زلزله در مناطق روستایی شهرستان ورزقان می‌باشد. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف توسعه‌ای، و از لحاظ ماهیت، پیمایشی و نیز از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل همه روستاهای آسیب دیده دهستان ازومدل شمالی و خانوارهای ساکن در این روستاها به تعداد 398 خانوار است که از این میان تعداد 196 نفر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. در این تحقیق روش گرد‌آوری داده‌ها برای پاسخ‌گویی به سئوالات تحقیق، به دو صورت اسنادی (داده‌های ثانویه) و پیمایشی (داده‌های اولیه) و ابزار مورد استفاده در روش پیمایشی پرسش‌نامه و مصاحبه بوده است. روایی صوری پرسش‌نامه توسط پانل متخصصان مورد تایید قرار گرفت. مطالعه راهنما در منطقه مشابه جامعه آماری با تعداد30 پرسش نامه صورت گرفت و با داده‌های کسب شده و استفاده از فرمول ویژه آلفای کرونباخ در نرم افزار SPSS، پایایی بخش‌های مختلف پرسش‌نامه تحقیق72 /0 الی 88/0 بدست آمد. در نهایت، نتایج، یافته‌های استنباطی تحقیق نشان داد که به جز دو متغیر میزان انسجام اجتماعی و رضایتمندی بین تمامی متغیرهای تحقیق با بهبود تاب‌آوری روستاییان در مناطق روستایی شهرستان ورزقان رابطه مستقیم و معناداری وجود دارد و در خاتمه، با توجه به تحلیل نتایج پیشنهادات کاربردی ارائه شده است.
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Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E.(2010). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4),598-606.
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Einali, J., Farahani, H., & Jafari, N.(2014). assessment of social capital role on decreasing effects earthquake adventure in Sejaroud Dehstan, Khodabandhe County, Applied Research on Geographic Sciences, 2(3),93- 115.
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Piran, P., Asadi, S., & Dadegar, N. (2017). Survey the role of social resiliency on reconstruction process success, (Case Study: the villagers of Darbe Astanhe and Babapeshman after earthquake 2006 Silakhor, Lorestan Province), Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 1(57), 87-99.
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Spielman, D. J., K. Davis, M., Negash,D., Ayele,G. (2014). “Rural innovation systems and networks: findings from a study of Ethiopian Smallholders.” Agriculture and Human Values, 28 (2): 195–212. Doi:10.1007/s10460‐010‐9273‐Y.
The World Bank. (2013). Measuring the dimensions of social capital, accessed on the 08/Aug/2013. http://web.worldbank.org.
Virgone, K., and Cairns, L. (2010). Social capital: A definition and its importance in disaster management, http://porto.polito. it/view/ full/ none/ 2007.authors_string.html.
Wolf, J., W. N. Adger, I., Lorenzoni, V., Abrahamson, Y., and Raine, R. (2013). “Social capital, individual responses to heat waves and cimate change adaptation: An empirical study of two UK cities.” Global Environmental Change, 20 (1), 44–52.
_||_Ahern, N.R., Kiehl, E. M., Sole, M. L., & Byers, J. (2010). A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 2(9), 103-125.
Arnesen, A. (2013). Resilience, social capital, and well-being: A cross-sectional study in a context of adversity, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 6(1), 213-219.
Barrett, C. B., & Constas, M., (2015). Towards a theory of resilience for international development applications. Paper presented at IFPRI Policy Seminar, Washington, DC, and August 2.
Berman, R., C. Quinn, & Paavola. J. (2015). “The role of institutions in the transformation of coping capacity to sustainable adaptive capacity. Environmental Development, 2 (5), 86–100.
Boyd, E. H., Osbahr, P. J., Ericksen, E. L., & Tompkins, M. (2010), Resilience and ‘climatizing’ development: examples and policy implications. Environmental Development, 51 (3), 390–396.
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E. (2010). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 598-606.
Duit, A., V. Galaz, K., Eckerberg, P., Ebbesson, J. (2013). “Governance, complexity, and resilience.” Global Environmental Change, 20 (3), 363–368.
Einali, J., Farahani, H., & Jafari, N. (2014). Assessment of social capital role on decreasing effects earthquake adventure in Sejaroud Dehstan, Khodabandhe County. Applied Research on Geographic Sciences, 2(3), 93- 115. (In Persian):
Feigenberg, B., E. M., Field, F., and Pande, R., (2013), Building social capital through Microfinance. Working Paper 16018. Cambridge, MA, US: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., Martinussen, M., & Flaten, M. A., (2011), Resiliencey as a moderator of pain and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 6(1), 213-219.
Ghorbani, M., Salari, F., Hamidian, A & Nasri, M. (2016). Analysis of community beneficiaries networks for reinforcement resiliency and natural ecosystems sustainable management, (Case Study: Region of Gorgo, Boir Ahmad). Journal of Natural Environment, 6 (9), 469-486. (In Persian.
Heidari Sarban, V., & Majnoni, A. (2017), the role of livelihood diversity on villagers resiliency around lake Ormia against drought, Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards, 3 (4), 49-70. (In Persian).
Heidari Sarban. (2019), Study and analysis of factors improvement of villagers resiliency regarding earthquake crisis, Case Stusy: Varzeghan County, North Ozomdul Dehstan, Journal of Geography, 3 (9), 703-717. . (In Persian):
Jones, L., S. Jaspars, S., Panvanello, R., Slater, A., Arnall, N., (2013) “Responding to a changing climate: exploring how disaster risk reduction, social protection and livelihoods approaches promote features of adaptive capacity.” Working Paper 319. London: Overseas Development Institute.
Kazemi, D., & Andalib, A. (2017). Assessment of influencing components of rural settlements community resilience on crisis condition. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 1 (58), 131-145. (In Persian).
Keck, M., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2015). What is social resilience? Lessons learned and the way forward. Erdkunde, 67 (1), 5–19.
Luthans, F., & Avolio, BJ. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personal Psychology, l (6):138-146.
Minani., B, Rurema, D.G., & Lebailly, P. (2015). Rural resilience and the role of social capital among farmers in Kirundo province, Northern Burundi, Agro inform Publishing House, Budapest.
Moore, M.L., & Westley, F. (2015). Surmountable chasms: networks and social innovation for resilient systems. ecology and society 16 (1): 5. www. ecologyandsociety. org/ vol16/ iss1/ art5/.
Motahari, Z., Rafieian, M. (2017). Explanation of a model in order to promoting crisis management with community-oriented approach, Case Study: Local communities of Tehran, Journal of Architecture & Urban Design &Urban Planning, 7(1), 389-401.
Nori, H. & Sepahvand, F. (2016). Analysis of rural settlement resiliency against natural hazards with emphasis on earthquake, (Case Study: Dehstane Shirvan, Bojnord County), the Journal of Rural Research, 7(2), 275- 285. . (In Persian).
Pinkerton, J., & Dolan, P., (2013). Family support, social capital, resilience and adolescent coping. Child and Family Social Work, 1(2), 219-228.
Piran, P., Asadi, S., & Dadegar, N. (2017). Survey the role of social resiliency on reconstruction process success, (Case Study: the villagers of Darbe Astanhe and Babapeshman after earthquake 2006 Silakhor, Lorestan Province). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 1(57), 87-99. (In Persian).
Schwarz, A. M., C. Béné, G. Bennett, D. Boso, Z. Hilly, C. Paul, R. Posala, S. Sibiti, & Andrew, N. (2011).Vulnerability and resilience of remote rural communities to shocks and global Changes: Empirical analysis from Solomon Islands. Global Environmental Change, 21 (3), 1128–1140.
Spielman, D. J., K. Davis, M., Negash,D., & Ayele, G. (2014). Rural innovation systems and networks: findings from a study of Ethiopian Smallholders. Agriculture and Human Values, 28 (2): 195–212. Doi:10.1007/s10460‐010‐9273‐Y.
The World Bank. (2013). Measuring the dimensions of social capital, accessed on the 08/Aug/2013. http://web.worldbank.org.
Virgone, K.,& Cairns, L. (2010). Social capital: A definition and its importance in disaster management, http://porto.polito. it/view/ full/ none/ 2007.authors_string.html.
Wolf, J., W. N. Adger, I., Lorenzoni, V., Abrahamson, Y., & Raine, R. (2013). Social capital, individual responses to heat waves and cimate change adaptation: An empirical study of two UK cities. Global Environmental Change, 20 (1), 44–52.
